Internet Engineering Task Force K. Patel Internet-Draft Arrcus Updates: 4724 (if approved) R. Fernando Intended status: Standards Track Cisco Systems Expires: May 31, 2019 J. Scudder J. Haas Juniper Networks November 27, 2018 Notification Message support for BGP Graceful Restart draft-ietf-idr-bgp-gr-notification-16.txt Abstract The BGP Graceful Restart mechanism defined in RFC 4724 limits the usage of BGP Graceful Restart to BGP protocol messages other than a BGP NOTIFICATION message. This document updates RFC 4724 by defining an extension that permits the Graceful Restart procedures to be performed when the BGP speaker receives a BGP NOTIFICATION Message or the Hold Time expires. This document also defines a new BGP NOTIFICATION Cease Error subcode whose effect is to request a full session restart instead of a Graceful Restart. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on May 31, 2019. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Patel, et al. Expires May 31, 2019 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft Notification support for BGP GR November 2018 (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Modifications to BGP Graceful Restart Capability . . . . . . 3 3. BGP Hard Reset Subcode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. Sending a Hard Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2. Receiving a Hard Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. Rules for the Receiving Speaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. Use of Hard Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1. When to Send Hard Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.2. Interaction With Other Specifications . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Management Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Operational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1. Introduction For many classes of errors, the BGP protocol must send a NOTIFICATION message and reset the peering session to handle the error condition. The BGP Graceful Restart extension defined in [RFC4724] requires that normal BGP procedures defined in [RFC4271] be followed when a NOTIFICATION message is sent or received. This document defines an extension to BGP Graceful Restart that permits the Graceful Restart procedures to be performed when the BGP speaker receives a NOTIFICATION message or the Hold Time expires. This permits the BGP speaker to avoid flapping reachability and continue forwarding while the BGP speaker restarts the session to handle errors detected in the BGP protocol. At a high level, this document can be summed up as follows. When a BGP session is reset, both speakers operate as "Receiving Speakers" according to [RFC4724], meaning they retain each other's routes. This is also true for HOLDTIME expiration. The functionality can be defeated using a "Hard Reset" subcode for the BGP NOTIFICATION Cease Patel, et al. Expires May 31, 2019 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft Notification support for BGP GR November 2018 Error code. If a Hard Reset is used, a full session reset is performed. 1.1. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 2. Modifications to BGP Graceful Restart Capability The BGP Graceful Restart Capability is augmented to signal the Graceful Restart support for BGP NOTIFICATION messages. The Restart Flags field is augmented as follows (following the diagram from section 3 of [RFC4724]): Restart Flags: This field contains bit flags relating to restart. 0 1 2 3 +-+-+-+-+ |R|N| | +-+-+-+-+ The most significant ("Restart State", or "R") bit is defined in [RFC4724]. The second most significant bit ("N") is defined as the BGP Graceful Notification bit, which is used to indicate Graceful Restart support for BGP NOTIFICATION messages. A BGP speaker indicates support for the procedures of this document, by advertising a Graceful Restart Capability with its Graceful Notification bit set (value 1). If a BGP speaker that previously advertised a given set of Graceful Restart parameters opens a new session with a different set of parameters, these new parameters apply once the session has transitioned into ESTABLISHED state. 3. BGP Hard Reset Subcode We define a new BGP NOTIFICATION Cease message subcode, called the BGP Hard Reset Subcode. The value of this subcode is discussed in Section 9. We refer to a BGP NOTIFICATION Cease message with the Hard Reset subcode as a Hard Reset message, or just a Hard Reset. Patel, et al. Expires May 31, 2019 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft Notification support for BGP GR November 2018 When the "N" bit has been exchanged by two peers, to distinguish them from Hard Reset we refer to any NOTIFICATION messages other than Hard Reset as "Graceful", since such messages invoke Graceful Restart semantics. 3.1. Sending a Hard Reset A Hard Reset message is used to indicate to a peer with which the Graceful Notification bit has been exchanged, that the session is to be fully terminated. When sending a Hard Reset, the data portion of the NOTIFICATION is encoded as follows: +--------+--------+-------- | ErrCode| Subcode| Data +--------+--------+-------- ErrCode is a BGP Error Code (as documented in the IANA BGP Error Codes registry) that indicates the reason for the Hard Reset. Subcode is a BGP Error Subcode (as documented in the IANA BGP Error Subcodes registry) as appropriate for the ErrCode. Similarly, Data is as appropriate for the ErrCode and Subcode. In short, the Hard Reset encapsulates another NOTIFICATION message in its data portion. 3.2. Receiving a Hard Reset Whenever a BGP speaker receives a Hard Reset, the speaker MUST terminate the BGP session following the standard procedures in [RFC4271]. 4. Operation A BGP speaker that is willing to receive and send BGP NOTIFICATION messages according to the procedures of this document MUST advertise the BGP Graceful Notification "N" bit using the Graceful Restart Capability as defined in [RFC4724]. When such a BGP speaker has received the "N" bit from its peer, and receives from that peer a BGP NOTIFICATION message other than a Hard Reset, it MUST follow the rules for the Receiving Speaker mentioned in Section 4.1. The BGP speaker generating the BGP NOTIFICATION message MUST also follow the rules for the Receiving Speaker. When a BGP speaker resets its session due to a HOLDTIME expiry, it should generate the relevant BGP NOTIFICATION message as mentioned in [RFC4271], but subsequently it MUST follow the rules for the Receiving Speaker mentioned in Section 4.1. Patel, et al. Expires May 31, 2019 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft Notification support for BGP GR November 2018 A BGP speaker SHOULD NOT send a Hard Reset to a peer from which it has not received the "N" bit. We note, however, that if it did so the effect would be as desired in any case, since according to [RFC4271] and [RFC4724] any NOTIFICATION message, whether recognized or not, results in a session reset. Thus the only negative effect to be expected from sending the Hard Reset to a peer that hasn't advertised compliance to this specification would be that the peer would be unable to properly log the associated information. Once the session is re-established, both BGP speakers SHOULD set their "Forwarding State" bit to 1. If the "Forwarding State" bit is not set, then according to the procedures of [RFC4724] section 4.2, the relevant routes will be flushed, defeating the goals of this specification. 4.1. Rules for the Receiving Speaker [RFC4724] section 4.2 defines rules for the Receiving Speaker. These are modified as follows. The sentence "To deal with possible consecutive restarts, a route (from the peer) previously marked as stale MUST be deleted" only applies when the "N" bit has not been exchanged with the peer: OLD: When the Receiving Speaker detects termination of the TCP session for a BGP session with a peer that has advertised the Graceful Restart Capability, it MUST retain the routes received from the peer for all the address families that were previously received in the Graceful Restart Capability and MUST mark them as stale routing information. To deal with possible consecutive restarts, a route (from the peer) previously marked as stale MUST be deleted. The router MUST NOT differentiate between stale and other routing information during forwarding. NEW: When the Receiving Speaker detects termination of the TCP session for a BGP session with a peer that has advertised the Graceful Restart Capability, it MUST retain the routes received from the peer for all the address families that were previously received in the Graceful Restart Capability and MUST mark them as stale routing information. The router MUST NOT differentiate between stale and other routing information during forwarding. If the "N" bit has not been exchanged with the peer, then to deal with possible consecutive restarts, a route (from the peer) previously marked as stale MUST be deleted. The stale timer is given a formal name and made mandatory: Patel, et al. Expires May 31, 2019 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft Notification support for BGP GR November 2018 OLD: To put an upper bound on the amount of time a router retains the stale routes, an implementation MAY support a (configurable) timer that imposes this upper bound. NEW: To put an upper bound on the amount of time a router retains the stale routes, an implementation MUST support a (configurable) timer, called the "stale timer", that imposes this upper bound. A suggested default value for the stale timer is 180 seconds. An implementation MAY provide the option to disable the timer (i.e., to provide an infinite retention time) but MUST NOT do so by default. 5. Use of Hard Reset 5.1. When to Send Hard Reset Although when to send a Hard Reset is an implementation-specific decision, we offer some advice. Many Cease notification subcodes represent permanent or long-term rather than transient session termination, and as such it's appropriate to use Hard Reset with them. At time of publication, Cease subcodes 1-9 were defined. +-------+------------------------------------+----------------------+ | Value | Name | Suggested Behavior | +-------+------------------------------------+----------------------+ | 1 | Maximum Number of Prefixes Reached | Hard Reset | | 2 | Administrative Shutdown | Hard Reset | | 3 | Peer De-configured | Hard Reset | | 4 | Administrative Reset | Provide user control | | 5 | Connection Rejected | Graceful Cease | | 6 | Other Configuration Change | Graceful Cease | | 7 | Connection Collision Resolution | Graceful Cease | | 8 | Out of Resources | Graceful Cease | | 9 | Hard Reset | Hard Reset | +-------+------------------------------------+----------------------+ Suggestions for Cease Subcode Behavior These suggestions are only that, suggestions, not requirements. It's the nature of BGP implementations that the mapping of internal states to BGP NOTIFICATION codes and subcodes is not always perfect. The guiding principle for the implementor should be that if there is no realistic hope that forwarding can continue or that the session will be re-established within the deadline, Hard Reset should be used. For all other NOTIFICATION codes other than Cease, use of Hard Reset does not appear to be indicated. Patel, et al. Expires May 31, 2019 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft Notification support for BGP GR November 2018 5.2. Interaction With Other Specifications "BGP Administrative Shutdown Communication" [RFC8203] specifies use of the data portion of the Administrative Shutdown or Administrative Reset Cease to convey a short message. When [RFC8203] is used in conjunction with Hard Reset, the subcode of the outermost Cease MUST be Hard Reset, with the Administrative Shutdown or Reset Cease encapsulated within. The encapsulated administrative shutdown message MUST subsequently be processed according to [RFC8203]. 6. Management Considerations When reporting a Hard Reset to network management, the error code and subcode reported MUST be Cease, Hard Reset. If the network management layer in use permits it, the information carried in the Data portion SHOULD be reported as well. 7. Operational Considerations Note that long (or infinite) retention time may cause operational issues, and should be enabled with care. 8. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Jim Uttaro for the suggestion, and Emmanuel Baccelli, Bruno Decraene, Chris Hall, Warren Kumari, Paul Mattes, Robert Raszuk, and Alvaro Retana for their review and comments. 9. IANA Considerations IANA has temporarily assigned subcode 9, named "Hard Reset", in the "BGP Cease NOTIFICATION message subcodes" registry. Upon publication of this document as an RFC, IANA is requested to make this allocation permanent. IANA is requested to establish a registry within the "Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Parameters" grouping, to be called "BGP Graceful Restart Flags". The Registration Procedure should be Standards Action, the reference this document and [RFC4724], and the initial values as follows: Patel, et al. Expires May 31, 2019 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft Notification support for BGP GR November 2018 +--------------+---------------+------------+---------------+ | Bit Position | Name | Short Name | Reference | +--------------+---------------+------------+---------------+ | 0 | Restart State | R | [RFC4724] | | 1 | Notification | N | this document | | 2, 3 | unassigned | | this document | +--------------+---------------+------------+---------------+ IANA is requested to establish a registry within the "Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Parameters" grouping, to be called "BGP Graceful Restart Flags for Address Family". The Registration Procedure should be Standards Action, the reference this document and [RFC4724], and the initial values as follows: +--------------+------------------+------------+---------------+ | Bit Position | Name | Short Name | Reference | +--------------+------------------+------------+---------------+ | 0 | Forwarding State | F | [RFC4724] | | 1-7 | unassigned | | this document | +--------------+------------------+------------+---------------+ 10. Security Considerations This specification doesn't change the basic security model inherent in [RFC4724], with the exception that the protection against repeated resets is relaxed. To mitigate the consequent risk that an attacker could use repeated session resets to prevent stale routes from ever being deleted, we make the stale routes timer mandatory (in practice it is already ubiquitous). To the extent [RFC4724] might be said to help defend against denials of service by making the control plane more resilient, this extension may modestly increase that resilience; however, there are enough confounding and deployment-specific factors that no general claims can be made. 11. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed., "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, DOI 10.17487/RFC4271, January 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4271>. Patel, et al. Expires May 31, 2019 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft Notification support for BGP GR November 2018 [RFC4724] Sangli, S., Chen, E., Fernando, R., Scudder, J., and Y. Rekhter, "Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP", RFC 4724, DOI 10.17487/RFC4724, January 2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4724>. [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. [RFC8203] Snijders, J., Heitz, J., and J. Scudder, "BGP Administrative Shutdown Communication", RFC 8203, DOI 10.17487/RFC8203, July 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8203>. Authors' Addresses Keyur Patel Arrcus Email: keyur@arrcus.com Rex Fernando Cisco Systems 170 W. Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134 USA Email: rex@cisco.com John Scudder Juniper Networks 1194 N. Mathilda Ave Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA Email: jgs@juniper.net Jeff Haas Juniper Networks 1194 N. Mathilda Ave Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA Email: jhaas@juniper.net Patel, et al. Expires May 31, 2019 [Page 9]