Network Working Group C. Hopps
Internet-Draft LabN Consulting, L.L.C.
Updates: 8407 (if approved) L. Berger
Intended status: Standards Track LabN Consulting, LLC.
Expires: September 10, 2019 D. Bogdanovic
Volta Networks
March 9, 2019
YANG Module Tags
draft-ietf-netmod-module-tags-07
Abstract
This document provides for the association of tags with YANG modules.
The expectation is for such tags to be used to help classify and
organize modules. A method for defining, reading and writing a
modules tags is provided. Tags may be standardized and assigned
during module definition; assigned by implementations; or dynamically
defined and set by users. This document also provides guidance to
future model writers; as such, this document updates RFC8407.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 10, 2019.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
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carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Some possible use cases for YANG module tags . . . . . . 3
1.2. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Tag Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. IETF Standard Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Vendor Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3. User Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4. Reserved Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Tag Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Module Definition Tagging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Implementation Tagging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. User Tagging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Tags Module Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. Tags Module Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2. YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Other Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Guidelines to Model Writers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1. Define Standard Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.1. YANG Module Tag Prefixes Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.2. YANG Module Tags Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.3. Updates to the IETF XML Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7.4. Updates to the YANG Module Names Registry . . . . . . . . 12
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Appendix B. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1. Introduction
The use of tags for classification and organization is fairly
ubiquitous not only within IETF protocols, but in the internet itself
(e.g., "#hashtags"). One benefit of using tags for organization over
a rigid structure is that it is more flexible and can more easily
adapt over time as technologies evolve. Tags can be usefully
standardized, but they can also serve as a non-standardized mechanism
available for users to define themselves. This document provides a
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mechanism to define tags and associate them with YANG modules in a
flexible manner. In particular, tags may be standardized as well as
assigned during module definition; assigned by implementations; or
dynamically defined and set by users.
This document defines a YANG module [RFC7950] which provides a list
of module entries to allow for adding or removing of tags as well as
viewing the set of tags associated with a module.
This document defines an extension statement to be used to indicate
tags that SHOULD be added by the module implementation automatically
(i.e., outside of configuration).
This document also defines an IANA registry for tag prefixes as well
as a set of globally assigned tags.
Section 6 provides guidelines for authors of YANG data models.
This document updates [RFC8407].
The YANG data model in this document conforms to the Network
Management Datastore Architecture defined in [RFC8342].
1.1. Some possible use cases for YANG module tags
During this documents's development there were requests for example
uses of module tags. The following are a few example use cases for
tags. This list is certainly not exhaustive.
One example use of tags would be to help filter different discrete
categories of YANG modules supported by a device. For example, if
modules are suitably tagged, then an XPath query can be used to list
all of the vendor modules supported by a device.
Tags can also be used to help coordination when multiple semi-
independent clients are interacting with the same devices. For
example, one management client could mark that some modules should
not be used because they have not been verified to behave correctly,
so that other management clients avoid querying the data associated
with those modules.
Tag classification is useful for users searching module repositories
(e.g., YANG catalog). A query restricted to the 'ietf:routing'
module tag could be used to return only the IETF YANG modules
associated with routing. Without tags, a user would need to know the
name of all the IETF routing protocol YANG modules.
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Future management protocol extensions could allow for filtering
queries of configuration or operational state on a server based on
tags. For example, return all operational state related to system-
management.
1.2. Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
[RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals,
as shown here.
2. Tag Values
All tags SHOULD begin with a prefix indicating who owns their
definition. An IANA registry (Section 7.1) is used to support
standardizing tag prefixes. Currently 3 prefixes are defined. No
further structure is imposed by this document on the value following
the standard prefix, and the value can contain any YANG type 'string'
characters except carriage-returns, newlines and tabs.
Again, except for the conflict-avoiding prefix, this document is not
specifying any structure on (i.e., restricting) the tag values on
purpose. The intent is to avoid arbitrarily restricting the values
that designers, implementers and users can use. As a result of this
choice, designers, implementers, and users are free to add or not add
any structure they may require to their own tag values.
2.1. IETF Standard Tags
An IETF standard tag is a tag that has the prefix "ietf:". All IETF
standard tags are registered with IANA in a registry defined later in
this document (Section 7.2).
2.2. Vendor Tags
A vendor tag is a tag that has the prefix "vendor:". These tags are
defined by the vendor that implements the module, and are not
standardized; however, it is RECOMMENDED that the vendor include
extra identification in the tag to avoid collisions such as using the
enterpise or organization name following the "vendor:" prefix (e.g.,
vendor:example.com:vendor-defined-classifier).
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2.3. User Tags
A user tag is any tag that has the prefix "user:". These tags are
defined by the user/administrator and will never be standardized.
Users are not required to use the "user:" prefix; however, doing so
is RECOMMENDED as it helps avoid collisions.
2.4. Reserved Tags
Any tag not starting with the prefix "ietf:", "vendor:" or "user:" is
reserved for future standardization. These tag values are not
invalid, but simply reserved in the context of standardization.
3. Tag Management
Tags can become associated with a module in a number of ways. Tags
may be defined and associated at module design time, at
implementation time, or via user administrative control. As the main
consumer of tags are users, users may also remove any tag, no matter
how the tag became associated with a module.
3.1. Module Definition Tagging
A module definition MAY indicate a set of tags to be added by the
module implementer. These design time tags are indicated using the
module-tag extension statement.
If the module is defined in an IETF standards track document, the
tags MUST be IETF Standard Tags (2.1). Thus, new modules can drive
the addition of new standard tags to the IANA registry defined in
Section 7.2, and the IANA registry can serve as a check against
duplication.
3.2. Implementation Tagging
An implementation MAY include additional tags associated with a
module. These tags SHOULD be IETF Standard or vendor specific tags.
3.3. User Tagging
Tags of any kind, with or without a prefix, can be assigned and
removed by the user using normal configuration mechanisms. In order
to remove a tag from the operational datastore the user adds a
matching "masked-tag" entry for a given module.
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4. Tags Module Structure
4.1. Tags Module Tree
The tree associated with the "ietf-module-tags" module follows. The
meaning of the symbols can be found in [RFC8340].
module: ietf-module-tags
+--rw module-tags
+--rw module* [name]
+--rw name yang:yang-identifier
+--rw tag* tag
+--rw masked-tag* tag
4.2. YANG Module
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-module-tags@2019-03-09.yang"
module ietf-module-tags {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-module-tags";
prefix tags;
import ietf-yang-types {
prefix yang;
}
organization
"IETF NetMod Working Group (NetMod)";
contact
"WG Web: <https://tools.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>
WG List: <mailto:netmod@ietf.org>
Author: Christian Hopps
<mailto:chopps@chopps.org>
Author: Lou Berger
<mailto:lberger@labn.net>
Author: Dean Bogdanovic
<ivandean@gmail.com>";
// RFC Ed.: replace XXXX with actual RFC number and
// remove this note.
description
"This module describes a mechanism associating tags with YANG
modules. Tags may be IANA assigned or privately defined.
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Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set
forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL
NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'NOT RECOMMENDED',
'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document are to be interpreted as
described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when,
they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX
(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfcXXXX); see the RFC itself for
full legal notices.";
// RFC Ed.: update the date below with the date of RFC publication
// and RFC number and remove this note.
revision 2019-03-09 {
description
"Initial revision.";
reference "RFC XXXX: YANG Module Tags";
}
typedef tag {
type string {
length "1..max";
pattern '[\S ]+';
}
description
"A tag is a type 'string' value that does not include carriage
return, newline or tab characters. It SHOULD begin with a
standard prefix; however, tags without a standard prefix
SHOULD NOT be treated as invalid.";
}
extension module-tag {
argument tag;
description
"The argument 'tag' is of type 'tag'. This extension statement
is used by module authors to indicate the tags that SHOULD be
added automatically by the system. As such the origin of the
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value for the pre-defined tags should be set to 'system'
[RFC8342].";
}
container module-tags {
description
"Contains the list of modules and their associated tags";
list module {
key "name";
description
"A list of modules and their associated tags";
leaf name {
type yang:yang-identifier;
mandatory true;
description
"The YANG module name.";
}
leaf-list tag {
type tag;
description
"Tags associated with the module. See the IANA 'YANG Module
Tag Prefixes' registry for reserved prefixes and the IANA
'YANG Module Tags' registry for IETF standard tags.
The 'operational' state [RFC8342] view of this list is
constructed using the following steps:
1) System tags (i.e., tags of 'system' origin) are added.
2) User configured tags (i.e., tags of 'intended' origin)
are added.
3) Any tag that is equal to a masked-tag is removed.";
}
leaf-list masked-tag {
type tag;
description
"The list of tags that should not be associated with this
module. The user can remove (mask) tags from the
operational state datastore [RFC8342] by adding them to
this list. It is not an error to add tags to this list
that are not associated with the module, but they have no
operational effect.";
}
}
}
}
<CODE ENDS>
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5. Other Classifications
It is worth noting that a different YANG module classification
document exists [RFC8199]. That document only classifies modules in
a logical manner and does not define tagging or any other mechanisms.
It divides YANG modules into two categories (service or element) and
then into one of three origins: standard, vendor or user. It does
provide a good way to discuss and identify modules in general. This
document defines standard tags to support [RFC8199] style
classification.
6. Guidelines to Model Writers
This section updates [RFC8407].
6.1. Define Standard Tags
A module MAY indicate, using module-tag extension statements, a set
of tags that are to be automatically associated with it (i.e., not
added through configuration).
module example-module {
//...
import module-tags { prefix tags; }
tags:module-tag "ietf:some-new-tag";
tags:module-tag "ietf:some-other-tag";
// ...
}
The module writer can use existing standard tags, or use new tags
defined in the model definition, as appropriate. For standardized
modules new tags MUST be assigned in the IANA registry defined below,
see Section 7.2.
7. IANA Considerations
7.1. YANG Module Tag Prefixes Registry
IANA is asked to create a new registry "YANG Module Tag Prefixes"
grouped under a new "Protocol" category named "YANG Module Tags".
This registry allocates tag prefixes. All YANG module tags SHOULD
begin with one of the prefixes in this registry.
Prefix entries in this registry should be short strings consisting of
lowercase ASCII alpha-numeric characters and a final ":" character.
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The allocation policy for this registry is Specification Required
[RFC8126].
The initial values for this registry are as follows.
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Prefix | Description |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ietf: | IETF Standard Tag allocated in the IANA YANG Module |
| | Tags registry. |
| | |
| vendor: | Non-standardized tags allocated by the module |
| | implementer. |
| | |
| user: | Non-standardized tags allocated by and for the user. |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
Other standards organizations (SDOs) wishing to standardize their own
set of tags should allocate a prefix from this registry.
7.2. YANG Module Tags Registry
IANA is asked to create a new registry "YANG Module Tags" grouped
under a new "Protocol" category "YANG Module Tags". This registry
should be included below "YANG Module Tag Prefixes" when listed on
the same page.
This registry allocates prefixes that have the standard prefix
"ietf:". New values should be well considered and not achievable
through a combination of already existing standard tags.
The allocation policy for this registry is IETF Review [RFC8126].
The initial values for this registry are as follows.
+----------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+
| Tag | Description | Reference |
+----------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+
| ietf:network-element-class | [RFC8199] network | [RFC8199] |
| | element. | |
| | | |
| ietf:network-service-class | [RFC8199] network | [RFC8199] |
| | service. | |
| | | |
| ietf:sdo-defined-class | Module is defined by a | [RFC8199] |
| | standards organization. | |
| | | |
| ietf:vendor-defined-class | Module is defined by a | [RFC8199] |
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| | vendor. | |
| | | |
| ietf:user-defined-class | Module is defined by the | [RFC8199] |
| | user. | |
| | | |
| ietf:hardware | Relates to hardware | [This |
| | (e.g., inventory). | document] |
| | | |
| ietf:software | Relates to software | [This |
| | (e.g., installed OS). | document] |
| | | |
| ietf:protocol | Represents a protocol | [This |
| | (often combined with | document] |
| | another tag to refine). | |
| | | |
| ietf:qos | Relates to quality of | [This |
| | service. | document] |
| | | |
| ietf:network-service-app | Relates to a network | [This |
| | service application | document] |
| | (e.g., an NTP server, | |
| | DNS server, DHCP server, | |
| | etc). | |
| | | |
| ietf:system-management | Relates to system | [This |
| | management (e.g., a | document] |
| | system management | |
| | protocol such as syslog, | |
| | TACAC+, SNMP, netconf, | |
| | ...). | |
| | | |
| ietf:oam | Relates to Operations, | [This |
| | Administration, and | document] |
| | Maintenance (e.g., BFD). | |
| | | |
| ietf:routing | Relates to routing. | [This |
| | | document] |
| | | |
| ietf:security | Related to security. | [This |
| | | document] |
| | | |
| ietf:signaling | Relates to control plane | [This |
| | signaling. | document] |
| | | |
| ietf:link-management | Relates to link | [This |
| | management. | document] |
+----------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+
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7.3. Updates to the IETF XML Registry
This document registers a URI in the "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688].
Following the format in [RFC3688], the following registration has
been made:
URI:
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-module-tags
Registrant Contact:
The IESG.
XML:
N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
7.4. Updates to the YANG Module Names Registry
This document registers one YANG module in the "YANG Module Names"
registry [RFC6020]. Following the format in [RFC6020], the following
registration has been made:
name:
ietf-module-tags
namespace:
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-module-tags
prefix:
tags
reference:
RFC XXXX (RFC Ed.: replace XXX with actual RFC number and remove
this note.)
8. Security Considerations
The YANG module defined in this memo is designed to be accessed via
the NETCONF protocol [RFC6241]. The lowest NETCONF layer is the
secure transport layer and the mandatory-to-implement secure
transport is SSH [RFC6242].
This document adds the ability to associate tag meta-data with YANG
modules. This document does not define any actions based on these
associations, and none are yet defined, and therefore it does not by
itself introduce any new security considerations.
Users of the tag-meta data may define various actions to be taken
based on the tag meta-data. These actions and their definitions are
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outside the scope of this document. Users will need to consider the
security implications of any actions they choose to define.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC7950] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.
[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8199] Bogdanovic, D., Claise, B., and C. Moberg, "YANG Module
Classification", RFC 8199, DOI 10.17487/RFC8199, July
2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8199>.
[RFC8342] Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K.,
and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore Architecture
(NMDA)", RFC 8342, DOI 10.17487/RFC8342, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8342>.
[RFC8407] Bierman, A., "Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of
Documents Containing YANG Data Models", BCP 216, RFC 8407,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8407, October 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8407>.
9.2. Informative References
[RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.
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[RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.
[RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
(NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.
[RFC6242] Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.
[RFC8340] Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams",
BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.
Appendix A. Examples
The following is a fictional example result from a query of the
module tags list. For the sake of brevity only a few module results
are imagined.
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<ns0:config xmlns:ns0="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
<t:module-tags xmlns:t="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-module-tags">
<t:module>
<t:name>ietf-bfd</t:name>
<t:tag>ietf:network-element-class</t:tag>
<t:tag>ietf:oam</t:tag>
<t:tag>ietf:protocol</t:tag>
<t:tag>ietf:sdo-defined-class</t:tag>
</t:module>
<t:module>
<t:name>ietf-isis</t:name>
<t:tag>ietf:network-element-class</t:tag>
<t:tag>ietf:protocol</t:tag>
<t:tag>ietf:sdo-defined-class</t:tag>
<t:tag>ietf:routing</t:tag>
</t:module>
<t:module>
<t:name>ietf-ssh-server</t:name>
<t:tag>ietf:network-element-class</t:tag>
<t:tag>ietf:protocol</t:tag>
<t:tag>ietf:sdo-defined-class</t:tag>
<t:tag>ietf:system-management</t:tag>
</t:module>
</t:module-tags>
</ns0:config>
Appendix B. Acknowledgements
Special thanks to Robert Wilton for his help improving the
introduction and providing the example use cases.
Authors' Addresses
Christian Hopps
LabN Consulting, L.L.C.
Email: chopps@chopps.org
Lou Berger
LabN Consulting, LLC.
Email: lberger@labn.net
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Dean Bogdanovic
Volta Networks
Email: ivandean@gmail.com
Hopps, et al. Expires September 10, 2019 [Page 16]