Network working group L. Yong
Internet Draft Huawei
Category: Informational M. Toy
Comcast
A. Isaac
Bloomberg
V. Manral
Hewlett-Packard
L. Dunbar
Huawei
Expires: August 2013 February 15, 2013
Use Cases for DC Network Virtualization Overlays
draft-ietf-nvo3-use-case-00
Abstract
This draft describes the general NVO3 use cases. The work intention
is to help validate the NVO3 framework and requirements as along
with the development of the solutions.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on August, 2013.
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Copyright Notice
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Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [RFC2119].
Table of Contents
1. Introduction...................................................3
2. Terminology....................................................4
3. Basic Virtual Networks in a Data Center........................4
4. Interconnecting DC Virtual Network and External Networks.......6
4.1. DC Virtual Network Access via Internet....................7
4.2. DC Virtual Network and WAN VPN Interconnection............7
5. DC Applications Using NVO3.....................................9
5.1. Supporting Multi Technologies in a Data Center...........10
5.2. Tenant Virtual Network with Bridging/Routing.............10
5.3. Virtual Data Center (VDC)................................11
5.4. Federating NV03 Domains..................................13
6. OAM Considerations............................................13
7. Summary.......................................................13
8. Security Considerations.......................................14
9. IANA Considerations...........................................14
10. Acknowledgements.............................................15
11. References...................................................15
11.1. Normative References....................................15
11.2. Informative References..................................16
Authors' Addresses...............................................16
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1. Introduction
Compute Virtualization has dramatically and quickly changed IT
industry in terms of efficiency, cost, and the speed in providing a
new applications and/or services. However the problems in today's
data center hinder the support of an elastic cloud service and
dynamic virtual tenant networks [NVO3PRBM]. The goal of DC Network
Virtualization Overlays, i.e. NVO3, is to decouple tenant system
communication networking from DC physical networks and to allow one
physical network infrastructure to provide: 1) traffic isolation
among virtual networks over the same physical network; 2)
independent address space in each virtual network and address
isolation from the infrastructure's; 3) Flexible VM placement and
move from one server to another without any physical network
limitation. These characteristics will help address the issues in
the data centers [NVO3PRBM].
Although NVO3 may enable a true virtual environment where VMs and
network service appliances communicate, the NVO3 solution has to
address the communication between a virtual network and one physical
network. This is because 1) many traditional DCs exist and will not
disappear any time soon; 2) a lot of DC applications serve to
Internet and/or cooperation users on physical networks; 3) some
applications like Big Data analytics which are CPU bound may not
want the virtualization capability.
This document is to describe general NVO3 use cases that apply to
various data center networks to ensure nvo3 framework and solutions
can meet the demands. Three types of the use cases described here
are:
o A virtual network connects many tenant systems within a Data
Center and form one L2 or L3 communication domain. A virtual
network segregates its traffic from others and allows the VMs in
the network moving from one server to another. The case may be
used for DC internal applications that constitute the DC East-
West traffic.
o A DC provider offers a secure DC service to an enterprise
customer and/or Internet users. In these cases, the enterprise
customer may use a traditional VPN provided by a carrier or an
IPsec tunnel over Internet connecting to an overlay virtual
network offered by a Data Center provider. This is mainly
constitutes DC North-South traffic.
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o A DC provider uses NVO3 to design a variety of cloud applications
that make use of the network service appliance, virtual compute,
storage, and networking. In this case, the NVO3 provides the
virtual networking functions for the applications.
The document uses the architecture reference model and terminologies
defined in [NVO3FRWK] to describe the use cases.
2. Terminology
This document uses the terminologies defined in [NVO3FRWK],
[RFC4364]. Some additional terms used in the document are listed
here.
CUG: Closed User Group
L2 VNI: L2 Virtual Network Instance
L3 VNI: L3 Virtual Network Instance
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
CPE: Customer Premise Equipment
DNS: Domain Name Service
DMZ: DeMilitarized Zone
NAT: Network Address Translation
VNIF: Virtual Network Interconnection Interface
3. Basic Virtual Networks in a Data Center
A virtual network may exist within a DC. The network enables a
communication among tenant systems (TSs) that are in a Closed User
Group (CUG). A TS may be a physical server or virtual machine (VM)
on a server. A virtual network has a unique virtual network
identifier (may be local or global unique) for switches/routers to
properly differentiate it from other virtual networks. The CUGs are
formed so that proper policies can be applied when the TSs in one
CUG communicate with the TSs in other CUGs.
Figure 1 depicts this case by using the framework model.[NVO3FRWK]
NVE1 and NVE2 are two network virtual edges and each may exist on a
server or ToR. Each NVE may be the member of one or more virtual
networks. Each virtual network may be L2 or L3 basis. In this
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illustration, three virtual networks with VN context Ta, Tn, and Tm
are shown. The VN 'Ta' terminates on both NVE1 and NVE2; The VN 'Tn'
terminates on NVE1 and the VN 'Tm' at NVE2 only. If an NVE is a
member of a VN, one or more virtual network instances (VNI) (i.e.
routing and forwarding table) exist on the NVE. Each NVE has one
overlay module to perform frame encapsulation/decapsulation and
tunneling initiation/termination. In this scenario, a tunnel between
NVE1 and NVE2 is necessary for the virtual network Ta.
A TS attaches to a virtual network (VN) via a virtual access point
(VAP) on an NVE. One TS may participate in one or more virtual
networks via VAPs; one NVE may be configured with multiple VAPs for
a VN. Furthermore if individual virtual networks use different
address spaces, the TS participating in all of them will be
configured with multiple addresses as well. A TS as a gateway is an
example for this. In addition, multiple TSs may use one VAP to
attach to a VN. For example, VMs are on a server and NVE is on ToR,
then some VMs may attach to NVE via a VLAN.
A VNI on an NVE is a routing and forwarding table that caches and/or
maintains the mapping of a tenant system and its attached NVE. The
table entry may be updated by the control plane, data plane,
management plane, or the combination of them.
+------- L3 Network ------+
| Tunnel Overlay |
+------------+--------+ +--------+-------------+
| +----------+------+ | | +------+----------+ |
| | Overlay Module | | | | Overlay Module | |
| +---+---------+---+ | | +--+----------+---+ |
| |Ta |Tn | | |Ta |Tm |
| +--+---+ +--+---+ | | +-+----+ +--+---+ |
| | VNIa |..| VNIn | | | | VNIa |..| VNIm | |
NVE1 | ++----++ ++----++ | | ++----++ ++----++ | NVE2
| |VAPs| |VAPs| | | |VAPs| |VAPs| |
+---+----+----+----+--+ +---+----+----+----+---+
| | | | | | | |
------+----+----+----+------ -----+----+----+----+-----
| .. | | .. | | .. | | .. |
| | | | | | | |
Tenant systems Tenant systems
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Figure 1 NVO3 for Tenant System Networking
One virtual network may have many NVE members and interconnect
several thousands of TSs (as a matter of policy), the capability of
supporting a lot of TSs per tenant instance and TS mobility is
critical for NVO3 solution no matter where an NVE resides.
It is worth to mention two distinct cases here. The first is when TS
and NVE are co-located on a same physical device, which means that
the NVE is aware of the TS state at any time via internal API. The
second is when TS and NVE are remotely connected, i.e. connected via
a switched network or point-to-point link. In this case, a protocol
is necessary for NVE to know TS state.
Note that if all NVEs are co-located with TSs in a CUG, the
communication in the CUG is in a true virtual environment. If a TS
connects to a NVE remotely, the communication from this TS to other
TSs in the CUG is not in a true virtual environment. The packets
to/from this TS are directly carried over a physical network, i.e.
on the wire. This may require some necessary configuration on the
physical network to facilitate the communication.
Individual virtual networks may use its own address space and the
space is isolated from DC infrastructure. This eliminates the route
reconfiguration in the DC underlying network when VMs move. Note
that the NVO3 solutions still have to address VM move in the overlay
network, i.e. the TS/NVE association change when a VM moves.
If a virtual network spans across multiple DC sites, one design is
to allow the corresponding NVO3 instance seamlessly span across
those sites without DC gateway routers' termination. In this case,
the tunnel between a pair of NVEs may in turn be tunneled over other
intermediate tunnels over the Internet or other WANs, or the intra
DC and inter DC tunnels are stitched together to form an end-to-end
tunnel between two NVEs in different DCs.
4. Interconnecting DC Virtual Network and External Networks
For customers (an enterprise or individuals) who want to utilize the
DC provider's compute and storage resources to run their
applications, they need to access their systems hosted in a DC
through Carrier WANs or Internet. A DC provider may use an NVO3
virtual network for such customer to access their systems; then it,
in turn, becomes the case of interconnecting DC virtual network and
external networks. Two cases are described here.
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4.1. DC Virtual Network Access via Internet
A user or an enterprise customer connects to a DC virtual network
via Internet but securely. Figure 2 illustrates this case. An L3
virtual network is configured on NVE1 and NVE2 and two NVEs are
connected via an L3 tunnel in the Data Center. A set of tenant
systems attach to NVE1. The NVE2 connects to one (may be more) TS
that runs the VN gateway and NAT applications (known as network
service appliance). A user or customer can access their systems via
Internet by using IPsec tunnel [RFC4301]. The encrypted tunnel is
established between the VN GW and the user machine or CPE at
enterprise location. The VN GW provides authentication scheme and
encryption. Note that VN GW function may be performed by a network
service appliance device or on a DC GW.
+--------------+ +----------+
| +------+ | | Firewall | TS
+----+(OM)+L3 VNI+--+-+ NAT | (VN GW)
| | +------+ | +----+-----+
L3 Tunnel +--------------+ ^
| NVE2 |IPsec Tunnel
+--------+---------+ .--. .--.
| +------+-------+ | ( :' '.--.
| |Overlay Module| | .-.' : )
| +------+-------+ | ( Internet )
| +-----+------+ | ( : /
| | L3 VNI | | '-' : '-'
NVE1 | +-+--------+-+ | \../+\.--/'
+----+--------+----+ |
| ... | V
Tenant Systems User Access
DC Provider Site
OM: Overlay Module;
Figure 2 DC Virtual Network Access via Internet
4.2. DC Virtual Network and WAN VPN Interconnection
A DC Provider and Carrier may build a VN and VPN independently and
interconnect the VN and VPN at the DC GW and PE for an enterprise
customer. Figure 3 depicts this case in an L3 overlay (L2 overlay is
the same). The DC provider constructs an L3 VN between the NVE1 on a
server and the NVE2 on the DC GW in the DC site; the carrier
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constructs an L3VPN between PE1 and PE2 in its IP/MPLS network. An
Ethernet Interface physically connects the DC GW and PE2 devices.
The local VLAN over the Ethernet interface [VRF-LITE] is configured
to connect the L3VNI/NVE2 and VRF, which makes the interconnection
between the L3 VN in the DC and the L3VPN in IP/MPLS network. An
Ethernet Interface may be used between PE1 and CE to connect the
L3VPN and enterprise physical networks.
This configuration allows the enterprise networks communicating to
the tenant systems attached to the L3 VN without interfering with DC
provider underlying physical networks and other overlay networks in
the DC. The enterprise may use its own address space on the tenant
systems attached to the L3 VN. The DC provider can manage the VMs
and storage attached to the L3 VN for the enterprise customer. The
enterprise customer can determine and run their applications on the
VMs. From the L3 VN perspective, an end point in the enterprise
location appears as the end point associating to the NVE2. The NVE2
on the DC GW has to perform both the GRE tunnel termination [RFC4797]
and the local VLAN termination and forward the packets in between.
The DC provider and Carrier negotiate the local VLAN ID used on the
Ethernet interface.
This configuration makes the L3VPN over the WANs only has the
reachbility to the TS in the L3 VN. It does not have the
reachability of DC physical networks and other VNs in the DC.
However, the L3VPN has the reachbility of enterprise networks. Note
that both the DC provider and enterprise may have multiple network
locations connecting to the L3VPN.
The eBGP protocol can be used between DC GW and PE2 for the route
population in between. In fact, this is like the Option A in
[RFC4364]. This configuration can work with any NVO3 solution. The
eBGP, OSPF, or other can be used between PE1 and CE for the route
population.
+-----------------+ +-------------+
| +----------+ | | +-------+ |
NVE2 | | L3 VNI +---+===========+-+ VRF | |
| +----+-----+ | VLAN | +---+---+ | PE2
| | | | | |
| +-----+-------+ | /+-----+-------+--\
| |Overly Module| | ( : '
| +-------------+ | { : }
+--------+--------+ { : LSP Tunnel }
| ; : ;
|IP Tunnel { IP/MPLS Network }
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| \ : /
+--------+---------+ +----+------+ -
| +------+-------+ | | +--+---+ | '
| |Overlay Module| | | | VRF | |
| +------+-------+ | | +--+---+ | PE1
| |Ta | | | |
| +-----+------+ | +----+------+
| | L3 VNI | | |
NVE1 | +-+--------+-+ | |
| | VAPs | | CE Site
+----+--------+----+
| ... | Enterprise Site
Tenant systems
DC Provider Site
Figure 3 L3 VNI and L3VPN interconnection across multi networks
If an enterprise only has one location, it may use P2P VPWS [RFC4664]
or L2TP [RFC5641] to connect one DC provider site. In this case, one
edge connects to a physical network and another edge connects to an
overlay network.
Various alternatives can be configured between DC GW and SP PE to
achieve the same capability. Option B, C, or D in RFC4364 [RFC4364]
can be used and the characteristics of each option are described
there.
The interesting feature in this use case is that the L3 VN and
compute resource are managed by the DC provider. The DC operator can
place them at any location without notifying the enterprise and
carrier because the DC physical network is completely isolated from
the carrier and enterprise network. Furthermore, the DC operator may
move the VMs assigned to the enterprise from one sever to another in
the DC without the enterprise customer awareness, i.e. no impact on
the enterprise 'live' applications running these resources. Such
advanced feature brings some requirements for NVO3 [NVO3PRBM].
5. DC Applications Using NVO3
NVO3 brings DC operators the flexibility to design different
applications in a true virtual environment (or nearly true) without
worrying about physical network configuration in the Data Center. DC
operators may build several virtual networks and interconnect them
directly to form a tenant virtual network and implement the
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communication rules, i.e. policy between different virtual networks;
or may allocate some VMs to run tenant applications and some to run
network service application such as Firewall and DNS for the tenant.
Several use cases are given in this section.
5.1. Supporting Multi Technologies in a Data Center
Most likely servers deployed in a large data center are rolled in at
different times and may have different capacities/features. Some
servers may be virtualized, some may not; some may be equipped with
virtual switches, some may not. For the ones equipped with
hypervisor based virtual switches, some may support VxLAN [VXLAN]
encapsulation, some may support NVGRE encapsulation [NVGRE], and
some may not support any types of encapsulation. To construct a
tenant virtual network among these servers and the ToRs, it may use
two virtual networks and a gateway to allow different
implementations working together. For example, one virtual network
uses VxLAN encapsulation and another virtual network uses
traditional VLAN.
The gateway entity, either on VMs or standalone one, participates in
to both virtual networks, and maps the services and identifiers and
changes the packet encapsulations.
5.2. Tenant Virtual Network with Bridging/Routing
A tenant virtual network may span across multiple Data Centers. DC
operator may want to use L2VN within a DC and L3VN outside DCs for a
tenant network. This is very similar to today's DC physical network
configuration. L2 bridging has the simplicity and endpoint awareness
while L3 routing has advantages in policy based routing, aggregation,
and scalability. For this configuration, the virtual L2/L3 gateway
function is necessary to interconnect L2VN and L3VN in each DC.
Figure 4 illustrates this configuration.
Figure 4 depicts two DC sites. The site A constructs an L2VN that
terminates on NVE1, NVE2, and GW1. An L3VN is configured between the
GW1 at site A and the GW2 at site Z. An internal Virtual Network
Interconnection Interface (VNIF) connects to L2VNI and L3VNI on GW1.
Thus the GW1 is the members of the L2VN and L3VN. The L2VNI is the
MAC/NVE mapping table and the L3VNI is IP prefix/NVE mapping table.
Note that a VNI also has the mapping of TS and VAP at the local NVE.
The site Z has the similar configuration. A packet coming to the GW1
from L2VN will be descapulated and converted into an IP packet and
then encapsulated and sent to the site Z. The Gateway uses ARP
protocol to obtain MAC/IP address mapping.
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Note that both the L2VN and L3VN in the figure are carried by the
tunnels supported by the underlying networks which are not shown in
the figure.
+------------+ +-----------+
GW1| +-----+ | '''''''''''''''' | +-----+ |GW2
| |L3VNI+----+' L3VN '+---+L3VNI| |
| +--+--+ | '''''''''''''''' | +--+--+ |
| |VNIF | | VNIF| |
| +--+--+ | | +--+--+ |
| |L2VNI| | | |L2VNI| |
| +--+--+ | | +--+--+ |
+----+-------+ +------+----+
''''|'''''''''' ''''''|'''''''
' L2VN ' ' L2VN '
NVE1 ''/'''''''''\'' NVE2 NVE3 '''/'''''''\'' NVE4
+-----+---+ +----+----+ +------+--+ +----+----+
| +--+--+ | | +--+--+ | | +---+-+ | | +--+--+ |
| |L2VNI| | | |L2VNI| | | |L2VNI| | | |L2VNI| |
| ++---++ | | ++---++ | | ++---++ | | ++---++ |
+--+---+--+ +--+---+--+ +--+---+--+ +--+---+--+
|...| |...| |...| |...|
Tenant Systems Tenant Systems
DC Site A DC Site Z
Figure 4 Tenant Virtual Network with Bridging/Routing
5.3. Virtual Data Center (VDC)
Enterprise DC's today may often use several routers, switches, and
service devices to construct its internal network, DMZ, and external
network access. A DC Provider may offer a virtual DC to an
enterprise customer to run enterprise applications such as
website/emails. Instead of using many hardware devices, with the
overlay and virtualization technology of NVO3, DC operators can
build them on top of a common network infrastructure for many
customers and run service applications per customer basis. The
service applications may include firewall, gateway, DNS, load
balancer, NAT, etc.
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Figure 5 below illustrates this scenario. For the simple
illustration, it only shows the L3VN or L2VN as virtual and overlay
routers or switches. In this case, DC operators construct several L2
VNs (L2VNx, L2VNy, L2VNz in Figure 5) to group the end tenant
systems together per application basis, create an L3VNa for the
internal routing. A server or VM runs firewall/gateway applications
and connects to the L3VNa and Internet. A VPN tunnel is also built
between the gateway and enterprise router. The design runs
Enterprise Web/Mail/Voice applications at the provider DC site; lets
the users at Enterprise site to access the applications via the VPN
tunnel and Internet via a gateway at the Enterprise site; let
Internet users access the applications via the gateway in the
provider DC. The enterprise operators can also use the VPN tunnel or
IPsec over Internet to access the vDC for the management purpose.
The firewall/gateway provides application-level and packet-level
gateway function and/or NAT function.
The Enterprise customer decides which applications are accessed by
intranet only and which by both intranet and extranet; DC operators
then design and configure the proper security policy and gateway
function. DC operators may further set different QoS levels for the
different applications for a customer.
This application requires the NVO3 solution to provide the DC
operator an easy way to create NVEs and VNIs for any design and to
quickly assign TSs to a VNI, easily place and configure policies on
an NVE, and support VM mobility.
Internet ^ Internet
|
^ +-+----+
| | GW |
| +--+---+
| |
+-------+--------+ +-+----+
|FireWall/Gateway+---VPN Tunnel---+Router|
+-------+--------+ +-+--+-+
| | |
...+... |..|
+-----: L3VNa :--------+ LANs
| ....... |
| | | Enterprise Site
...+... ...+... ...+...
: L2VNx : : L2VNy : : L2VNz :
....... ....... .......
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|..| |..| |..|
| | | | | |
Web Apps Mail Apps VoIP Apps
Provider DC Site
* firewall/gateway may run on a server or VMs
Figure 5 Virtual Data Center by Using NVO3
5.4. Federating NV03 Domains
Two general cases are 1) Federating AS managed by a single operator;
2) Federating AS managed by different Operators. The detail will be
described in next version.
6. OAM Considerations
NVO3 brings the ability for a DC provider to segregate tenant
traffic. A DC provider needs to manage and maintain NVO3 instances.
Similarly, the tenant needs to be informed about tunnel failures
impacting tenant applications.
Various OAM and SOAM tools and procedures are defined in [IEEE
802.1ag], [ITU-T Y.1731], [RFC4378], [RFC5880], [ITU-T Y.1564] for
L2 and L3 networks, and for user, including continuity check,
loopback, link trace, testing, alarms such as AIS/RDI, and on-demand
and periodic measurements. These procedures may apply to tenant
overlay networks and tenants not only for proactive maintenance, but
also to ensure support of Service Level Agreements (SLAs).
As the tunnel traverses different networks, OAM messages need to be
translated at the edge of each network to ensure end-to-end OAM.
It is important that failures at lower layers which do not affect
NVo3 instance are to be suppressed.
7. Summary
The document describes some basic potential use cases of NVO3. The
combination of these cases should give operators flexibility and
capability to design more sophisticated cases for various purposes.
The key requirements for NVO3 are 1) traffic segregation; 2)
supporting a large scale number of virtual networks in a common
infrastructure; 3) supporting highly distributed virtual network
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with sparse memberships 3) VM mobility 4) auto or easy to construct
a NVE and its associated TS; 5) Security 6) NVO3 Management
[NVO3PRBM].
Difference between other overlay network technologies and NVO3 is
that the client edges of the NVO3 network are individual and
virtualized hosts, not network sites or LANs. NVO3 enables these
virtual hosts communicating in a true virtual environment without
constraints in physical networks.
NVO3 allows individual tenant virtual networks to use their own
address space and isolates the space from the network infrastructure.
The approach not only segregates the traffic from multi tenants on a
common infrastructure but also makes VM placement and move easier.
DC services may vary from infrastructure as a service (IaaS),
platform as a service (PaaS), to software as a service (SaaS), in
which the network virtual overlay is just a portion of an
application service. NVO3 decouples the services from DC network
infrastructure configuration.
NVO3's underlying network provides the tunneling between NVEs so
that two NVEs appear as one hop to each other. Many tunneling
technologies can serve this function. The tunneling may in turn be
tunneled over other intermediate tunnels over the Internet or other
WANs. It is also possible that intra DC and inter DC tunnels are
stitched together to form an end-to-end tunnel between two NVEs.
A DC virtual network may be accessed via an external network in a
secure way. Many existing technologies can help achieve this.
8. Security Considerations
Security is a concern. DC operators need to provide a tenant a
secured virtual network, which means one tenant's traffic isolated
from the other tenant's traffic and non-tenant's traffic; they also
need to prevent DC underlying network from any tenant application
attacking through the tenant virtual network or one tenant
application attacking another tenant application via DC networks.
For example, a tenant application attempts to generate a large
volume of traffic to overload DC underlying network. The NVO3
solution has to address these issues.
9. IANA Considerations
This document does not request any action from IANA.
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10. Acknowledgements
Authors like to thank Sue Hares, Young Lee, David Black, Pedro
Marques, Mike McBride, David McDysan, Randy Bush, and Uma Chunduri
for the review, comments, and suggestions.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997
[RFC4364] Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, February 2006.
[IEEE 802.1ag] "Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks - Amendment 5:
Connectivity Fault Management", December 2007.
[ITU-T G.8013/Y.1731] OAM Functions and Mechanisms for Ethernet
based Networks, 2011.
[ITU-T Y.1564] "Ethernet service activation test methodology", 2011.
[RFC4378] Allan, D., Nadeau, T., "A Framework for Multi-Protocol
Label Switching (MPLS) Operations and Management (OAM)",
RFC4378, February 2006
[RFC4301] Kent, S., "Security Architecture for the Internet
Protocol", rfc4301, December 2005
[RFC4664] Andersson, L., "Framework for Layer 2 Virtual Private
Networks (L2VPNs)", rfc4664, September 2006
[RFC4797] Rekhter, Y., et al, "Use of Provider Edge to Provider Edge
(PE-PE) Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) or IP in
BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks", RFC4797, January
2007
[RFC5641] McGill, N., "Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)
Extended Circuit Status Values", rfc5641, April 2009.
[RFC5880] Katz, D. and Ward, D., "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(BFD)", rfc5880, June 2010.
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11.2. Informative References
[NVGRE] Sridharan, M., "NVGRE: Network Virtualization using Generic
Routing Encapsulation", draft-sridharan-virtualization-
nvgre-01, work in progress.
[NVO3PRBM] Narten, T., etc "Problem Statement: Overlays for Network
Virtualization", draft-ietf-nvo3-overlay-problem-
statement-02, work in progress.
[NVO3FRWK] Lasserre, M., Motin, T., and etc, "Framework for DC
Network Virtualization", draft-ietf-nvo3-framework-02,
work in progress.
[VRF-LITE] Cisco, "Configuring VRF-lite", http://www.cisco.com
[VXLAN] Mahalingam,M., Dutt, D., etc "VXLAN: A Framework for
Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over Layer 3
Networks", draft-mahalingam-dutt-dcops-vxlan-02.txt, work
in progress.
Authors' Addresses
Lucy Yong
Huawei Technologies,
4320 Legacy Dr.
Plano, Tx75025 US
Phone: +1-469-277-5837
Email: lucy.yong@huawei.com
Mehmet Toy
Comcast
1800 Bishops Gate Blvd.,
Mount Laurel, NJ 08054
Phone : +1-856-792-2801
E-mail : mehmet_toy@cable.comcast.com
Aldrin Isaac
Bloomberg
E-mail: aldrin.isaac@gmail.com
Vishwas Manral
Hewlett-Packard Corp.
191111 Pruneridge Ave.
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Cupertino, CA 95014
Phone: 408-447-1497
Email: vishwas.manral@hp.com
Linda Dunbar
Huawei Technologies,
4320 Legacy Dr.
Plano, Tx75025 US
Phone: +1-469-277-5840
Email: linda.dunbar@huawei.com
MITY Expires August 2013 [Page 17]
