SASL A. Melnikov
Internet-Draft Isode
Expires: August 15, 2006 February 11, 2006
The Kerberos V5 ("GSSAPI") SASL mechanism
draft-ietf-sasl-gssapi-04
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Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Abstract
The Simple Authentication and Security Layer [SASL] is a method for
adding authentication support to connection-based protocols. This
document describes the method for using the Generic Security Service
Application Program Interface [GSSAPI] KERBEROS V5 in the Simple
Authentication and Security Layer [SASL].
This document replaces section 7.2 of RFC 2222 [SASL], the definition
of the "GSSAPI" SASL mechanism.
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Table of Contents
1. Conventions Used in this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Kerberos V5 GSSAPI mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Client side of authentication protocol exchange . . . . . 5
3.2 Server side of authentication protocol exchange . . . . . 6
3.3 Security layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.1 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.2 Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 12
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1. Conventions Used in this Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", and "MAY"
in this document are to be interpreted as defined in "Key words for
use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels" [KEYWORDS].
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2. Introduction and Overview
This specification documents currently deployed Kerberos V5 GSSAPI
mechanism used within SASL framework [SASL]. The authentication
sequence is described in Section 3. Note that the described
authentication sequence has known limitations in particular it lacks
channel bindings and the number of round trips required to complete
authentication exchange is not minimal. SASL WG is working on a
separate document that should address these limitations.
The SASL mechanism name for the Kerberos V5 GSSAPI mechanism
[KRB5GSS] is "GSSAPI".
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3. Kerberos V5 GSSAPI mechanism
The implementation MAY set any GSSAPI flags or arguments not
mentioned in this specification as is necessary for the
implementation to enforce its security policy.
3.1 Client side of authentication protocol exchange
The client calls GSS_Init_sec_context, passing in
input_context_handle of 0 (initially), mech_type of the GSSAPI
mechanism for which this SASL mechanism is registered, chan_binding
of NULL, and targ_name equal to output_name from GSS_Import_Name
called with input_name_type of GSS_C_NT_HOSTBASED_SERVICE and
input_name_string of "service@hostname" where "service" is the
service name specified in the protocol's profile, and "hostname" is
the fully qualified host name of the server. If the client will be
requesting a security layer, it MUST also supply to the
GSS_Init_sec_context a mutual_req_flag of TRUE, a sequence_req_flag
of TRUE, and an integ_req_flag of TRUE. If the client will be
requesting a security layer providing confidentiality protection, it
MUST also supply to the GSS_Init_sec_context a conf_req_flag of TRUE.
The client then responds with the resulting output_token. If
GSS_Init_sec_context returns GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED, then the client
should expect the server to issue a token in a subsequent challenge.
The client must pass the token to another call to
GSS_Init_sec_context, repeating the actions in this paragraph.
When GSS_Init_sec_context returns GSS_S_COMPLETE, the client examines
the context to ensure that it provides a level of protection
permitted by the client's security policy. If the context is
acceptable, the client takes the following actions: If the last call
to GSS_Init_sec_context returned an output_token, then the client
responds with the output_token, otherwise the client responds with no
data. The client should then expect the server to issue a token in a
subsequent challenge. The client passes this token to GSS_Unwrap and
interprets the first octet of resulting cleartext as a bit-mask
specifying the security layers supported by the server and the second
through fourth octets as the maximum size output_message the server
is able to receive (in network byte order). If the resulting
cleartext is not 4 octets long, the client fails the negotiation.
The client verifies that the server maximum buffer is 0 if the server
doesn't advertise support for any security layer. The client then
constructs data, with the first octet containing the bit-mask
specifying the selected security layer, the second through fourth
octets containing in network byte order the maximum size
output_message the client is able to receive (which MUST be 0 if the
client doesn't support any security layer), and the remaining octets
containing the UTF-8 [UTF8] encoded authorization identity.
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(Implementation note: the authorization identity is not terminated
with the NUL (%x00) character). The client passes the data to
GSS_Wrap with conf_flag set to FALSE, and responds with the generated
output_message. The client can then consider the server
authenticated.
3.2 Server side of authentication protocol exchange
The server passes the initial client response to
GSS_Accept_sec_context as input_token, setting input_context_handle
to 0 (initially), mech_type of the GSSAPI mechanism for which this
SASL mechanism is registered, chan_binding of NULL, and
acceptor_cred_handle equal to output_cred_handle from
GSS_Acquire_cred called with desired_name equal to output_name from
GSS_Import_name with input_name_type of GSS_C_NT_HOSTBASED_SERVICE
and input_name_string of "service@hostname" where "service" is the
service name specified in the protocol's profile, and "hostname" is
the fully qualified host name of the server. If
GSS_Accept_sec_context returns GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED, the server
returns the generated output_token to the client in challenge and
passes the resulting response to another call to
GSS_Accept_sec_context, repeating the actions in this paragraph.
When GSS_Accept_sec_context returns GSS_S_COMPLETE, the server
examines the context to ensure that it provides a level of protection
permitted by the server's security policy. If the context is
acceptable, the server takes the following actions: If the last call
to GSS_Accept_sec_context returned an output_token, the server
returns it to the client in a challenge and expects a reply from the
client with no data. Whether or not an output_token was returned
(and after receipt of any response from the client to such an
output_token), the server then constructs 4 octets of data, with the
first octet containing a bit-mask specifying the security layers
supported by the server and the second through fourth octets
containing in network byte order the maximum size output_token the
server is able to receive (which MUST be 0 if the server doesn't
support any security layer). The server must then pass the plaintext
to GSS_Wrap with conf_flag set to FALSE and issue the generated
output_message to the client in a challenge. The server must then
pass the resulting response to GSS_Unwrap and interpret the first
octet of resulting cleartext as the bit-mask for the selected
security layer, the second through fourth octets as the maximum size
output_message the client is able to receive (in network byte order),
and the remaining octets as the authorization identity. The server
verifies that the client has selected a security layer that was
offered, and that the client maximum buffer is 0 if no security layer
was chosen. The server must verify that the src_name is authorized
to act as the authorization identity. After these verifications, the
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authentication process is complete.
3.3 Security layer
The security layers and their corresponding bit-masks are as follows:
1 No security layer
2 Integrity protection.
Sender calls GSS_Wrap with conf_flag set to FALSE
4 Confidentiality protection.
Sender calls GSS_Wrap with conf_flag set to TRUE
Other bit-masks may be defined in the future; bits which are not
understood must be negotiated off.
Note that SASL negotiates the maximum size of the output_message to
send. Implementations can use the GSS_Wrap_size_limit call to
determine the corresponding maximum size input_message.
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4. IANA Considerations
The IANA is directed to modify the existing registration for "GSSAPI"
as follows:
Family of SASL mechanisms: NO
SASL mechanism name: GSSAPI
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC [THIS-DOC]
Published Specification: RFC [THIS-DOC]
Person & email address to contact for further information: Alexey
Melnikov <Alexey.Melnikov@isode.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Owner/Change controller: iesg@ietf.org
Additional Information: This mechanism is for the Kerberos V5
mechanism of GSSAPI.
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5. Security Considerations
Security issues are discussed throughout this memo.
The integrity protection provided by the GSSAPI security layer is
useless to the client unless the client also requests mutual
authentication. Therefore, a client wishing to benefit from the
integrity protection of a security layer MUST pass to the
GSS_Init_sec_context call a mutual_req_flag of TRUE.
When constructing the input_name_string, the client SHOULD NOT
canonicalize the server's fully qualified domain name using an
insecure or untrusted directory service.
For compatibility with deployed software this document requires that
the chan_binding (channel bindings) parameter to GSS_Init_sec_context
and GSS_Accept_sec_context be NULL. SASL WG has reached consensus
that this limitation is worth addressing and a future document will
define a new GSSAPI SASL mechanism that will not have this
limitation.
Additional security considerations are in the [SASL] and [GSSAPI]
specifications. Additional security considerations for the GSSAPI
mechanism can be found in [KRB5GSS].
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6. Acknowledgements
This document replaces section 7.2 of RFC 2222 [SASL] by John G.
Myers. He also contributed significantly to this revision.
Thank you to Lawrence Greenfield for converting text of this draft to
XML format.
Contributions of many members of the SASL mailing list are gratefully
acknowledged.
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7. References
7.1 Normative References
[GSSAPI] Linn, J., "Generic Security Service Application Program
Interface Version 2, Update 1", RFC 2743, January 2000.
[KEYWORDS]
Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[KRB5GSS] Linn, J., "The Kerberos Version 5 GSS-API Mechanism",
RFC 1964, June 1996.
[SASL] Myers, J., "Simple Authentication and Security Layer
(SASL)", RFC 2222, October 1997.
[SASL[2]] Melnikov, A., "Simple Authentication and Security Layer
(SASL)", draft-ietf-sasl-rfc2222bis (work in progress),
June 2004.
[UTF8] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", RFC 3629, November 2003.
7.2 Informative References
Author's Address
Alexey Melnikov (Ed.)
Isode Limited
5 Castle Business Village
36 Station Road
Hampton, Middlesex TW12 2BX
UK
Email: Alexey.Melnikov@isode.com
URI: http://www.melnikov.ca/
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