SIMPLE                                                      H. Khartabil
Internet-Draft                                                     Telio
Expires: September 16, 2005                                  E. Leppanen
                                                             M. Lonnfors
                                                        J. Costa-Requena
                                                                   Nokia
                                                          March 15, 2005


         Functional Description of Event Notification Filtering
                draft-ietf-simple-event-filter-funct-05

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
   of Section 3 of RFC 3667.  By submitting this Internet-Draft, each
   author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of
   which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of
   which he or she become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with
   RFC 3668.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as
   Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 16, 2005.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).

Abstract

   The SIP event notification framework describes the usage of the
   Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for subscriptions and notifications
   of changes to a state of a resource.  The document does not describe



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   a mechanism of how filtering of event notification information can be
   achieved.

   This document describes the operations a subscriber performs in order
   to put in place filtering rules associated with a subscription to
   event notification information.  The handling, by the subscriber, of
   responses to subscriptions carrying filtering rules and the handling
   of notifications with filtering rules applied to them is also
   described.  Furthermore, the document conveys how the notifier
   behaves when receiving such filtering rules and how a notification is
   constructed.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  Client Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     3.1   Transport Mechanism  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     3.2   SUBSCRIBE Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     3.3   Subscriber Generating SUBSCRIBE Requests . . . . . . . . .  5
       3.3.1   Defining The Filtering Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
       3.3.2   Request-URI vs. Filter URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
       3.3.3   Changing Filters within a Dialog . . . . . . . . . . .  6
       3.3.4   Subscriber Interpreting SIP responses  . . . . . . . .  7
     3.4   Subscriber Processing of NOTIFY Requests . . . . . . . . .  7
   4.  Resource List Server Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.1   Request-URI vs. Filter URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     4.2   Changing Filters within a Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   5.  Server Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.1   NOTIFY Bodies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.2   Notifier Processing SUBSCRIBE Requests . . . . . . . . . . 10
       5.2.1   Request-URI vs. Filter URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       5.2.2   Changing Filters within a Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     5.3   Notifier Generating NOTIFY Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       5.3.1   Generation of NOTIFY Contents  . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       5.3.2   Handling of Notification Triggering Rules  . . . . . . 14
     5.4   Handling Abnormal Cases  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   6.  XML Document Validation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   7.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     7.1   Presence Specific Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
       7.1.1   Subscriber Requests Messaging Related Information  . . 15
       7.1.2   Subscriber Fetches Information about "Open"
               Communication Means  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       7.1.3   Subscriber Requests Notifications when
               Presentity's Status Changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     7.2   Watcher Information Specific Examples  . . . . . . . . . . 21
       7.2.1   Watcher Subscriber Makes Subscription to Get All
               the Information about Active Watchers  . . . . . . . . 22



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       7.2.2   Watcher Subscriber Requests Information of
               Watchers with Specific Subscription Duration
               Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       7.2.3   Watcher Subscriber Requests Specific Watcher Info
               On Specific Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   8.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
   9.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
   10.   Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
   11.   References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
     11.1  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
     11.2  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
       Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
       Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 31






































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1.  Introduction

   SIP event notification is described in [3].  It defines a general
   framework for sending subscriptions and receiving notifications in
   SIP based systems.  It introduces the concept of event packages,
   which are concrete applications of the general event framework to a
   specific usage of events.

   Filtering is a mechanism for controlling the content of event
   notifications.  Additionally, the subscriber may specify the rules
   for when a notification should be sent to it.  The filtering
   mechanism is expected to be particularly valuable to users of mobile
   wireless access devices.  The characteristics of the devices
   typically include high latency, low bandwidth, low data processing
   capabilities, small display, and limited battery power.  Such devices
   can benefit from the ability to filter the amount of information
   generated at the source of the event notification.  However,
   implementers need to be aware of the computational burden on the
   source of the event notification.  This is discussed further in
   Section 8.

   It is stated in [3] that the notifier may send a NOTIFY at any time,
   but typically it is sent when the state of the resource changes.  It
   also states that the notifications would contain the complete and
   current state of the resource authorized for a certain subscriber to
   see.  The format of such resource state information is package
   specific.  In this memo, we assume that the NOTIFY for any package
   contains an XML document.

   This document, togheter with [5], presents a mechanism for filtering
   whereby a subscriber describes its preference of when notifications
   are to be sent to it and what they are to contain.  It also describes
   how the notifier functions when generating notifications by taking
   into account filters and default functionality of the
   package/service.

   The XML format for defining the filter is described in [5].

2.  Conventions

   In this document, the key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED',
   'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'MAY',
   and 'OPTIONAL' are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1]
   and indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations.

   "Content" refers to the XML document that appears in a notification
   reflecting the state of a resource.




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3.  Client Operation

3.1  Transport Mechanism

   Transportation of the filter to the server is achieved by inserting
   the XML document, as defined in [5], in the body of the SUBSCRIBE
   request.  Alternatively, the XML document can be uploaded to the
   server using means outside the scope of this document.

3.2  SUBSCRIBE Bodies

   SIP entities compliant with this specification MUST support the
   content type 'application/simple-filter+xml'.

3.3  Subscriber Generating SUBSCRIBE Requests

   This section presents additional functionality required from the
   subscriber when filters are used in the bodies of the SUBSCRIBE
   requests.  Normal operations of services, e.g., as defined in [8],
   [10] and [4] are otherwise followed.

   As defined in [3], the SUBSCRIBE message MAY contain a body.  This
   body would serve the purpose of carrying filtering information.
   Honouring those filters is at the discretion of the notifier and
   might depend on local policies.

   No content in the body of a SUBSCRIBE indicates to the notifier that
   no filter is being requested so that the notifier is instructed to
   send all the NOTIFY requests using the notifier's own or service
   specific policy.  Note that e.g.  in the list case [4] the filter
   might have been uploaded to the server beforehand (by means outside
   the scope of this document).

   If the body of the SUBSCRIBE includes the filter, the body MUST be of
   the MIME-Type 'application/simple-filter+xml'.

3.3.1  Defining The Filtering Rules

   Multiple filters MAY be included in one SUBSCRIBE.  This is achieved
   by including multiple <filter> elements in the filter [5].  Each
   <filter> element may include a URI attribute.

   A SUBSCRIBE request destined to a list URI [4] MAY include multiple
   filters specific to individual resources.  This is achieved by
   including multiple <filter> elements with different URIs of resources
   in each of those elements.  This resource specific filter overrides
   any list specific filter, if any.  The list specific filter may or
   may not include a URI.



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   Furthermore, regardless whether the SUBSCRIBE is destined to a list
   URI or not, there can only be one filter applicable to a single
   resource or domain within a single SUBSCRIBE.  I.e.  Each filter
   within a subscription MUST uniquely identify one resource or one
   domain.

   A filter can be enabled and disabled using the 'enabled' attribute in
   the <filter> element as desribed in [5].

3.3.2  Request-URI vs. Filter URI

   The URI in the filter defines the target resource, e.g.  in the
   Presence service case; it is the presentity's presence information to
   which the filter is applied.  The subscriber MAY choose to leave the
   URI in the filter undefined.  If the URI is not defined within the
   filter, the filter applies to the resource identified in the
   Request-URI.  Similarly, the subscriber MAY define a filter URI.  If
   the Request-URI is a list URI [4], the filter URI MUST be the list
   URI, a sub-list URI or resource who's URI is one of the URIs that
   result from a lookup, by an RLS, on the Request-URI.  If not, the
   filter may be ignored or may be rejected.  URI matching is done
   according to the matching rules defined for a particular scheme (SIP
   URI matching rules are defined in RFC3261 [2].

   A filter may also be addressed to a domain using the "domain"
   attribute instead of the "uri" attribute.  In this case, the filter
   applies to resources in that domain.  This can be used when a
   subscription is for a resource that is an event list with many
   resources from differing domains.  If an individual resource specific
   filter is present along with the domain filter, this resource
   specific filter overrides any domain specific filter, if any.

3.3.3  Changing Filters within a Dialog

   The client MAY reset or change the filter by re-issuing a new
   SUBSCRIBE request within the existing dialog.  A SUBSCRIBE within the
   exiting dialog that does not contain a filter is assumed to maintain
   existing filters.  This means that filters are persistent and are
   only explicitly removed.

   A client requiring removal of a filter may do so by using the
   'remove="true"' attribute as defined in [5].

   In the case the URI in the filter is that of a list, a client may
   override the existing filter with a filter for an individual
   resource, that is part of the list subscribed to earlier, by issuing
   a new SUBSCRIBE within the existing dialog and including a filter
   specific for that individual resource.  The new filter need not
   include the original filter since a filter is only removed in the
   manner indicated above.



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   A filter is replaced by the client re-issuing the filter using the
   same filter ID and replacing the contents of the filter.  Replacing a
   filter by changing the filter ID and keeping the resource URI is
   considered an error since this causes the server to assume that two
   filters are placed for the same resource.

   Again, filter can be disabled and re-enabled using the 'enabled'
   attribute in the <filter> element as desribed in [5].

3.3.4  Subscriber Interpreting SIP responses

   The SUBSCRIBE request will be confirmed with a final response.  A
   200-class responses indicate that the subscription has been accepted,
   and that a NOTIFY will be sent immediately.  A "200" response
   indicates that the subscription has been accepted and the filter is
   accepted.  A "202" response merely indicates that the subscription
   has been understood, the content type has been accepted, and that
   authorization may or may not have been granted.  A "202" response
   also indicates that the filter has not been accepted yet.  The
   acceptance of the filter MAY arrive in a subsequent NOTIFY.

   A non-200 class final responses indicate that no subscription or
   dialog has been created, and no subsequent NOTIFY message will be
   sent.  All non-200 class final responses have the same meanings and
   handling as described in [2] and [3].

   Specifically, a "415" response indicates that the MIME type
   'application/simple-filter+xml' is not understood by the notifier.  A
   "488" response indicates that the content type (filter) is understood
   but some aspects of it were either not understood or not accepted.

3.4  Subscriber Processing of NOTIFY Requests

   If the 2xx response was returned for the SUBSCRIBE, the NOTIFY that
   follows MAY contain a body that describes the present state of the
   resource after the filters have been applied.

   If the NOTIFY indicates that a subscription has been terminated [3],
   the subscription is assumed to be terminated.  Behaviour in such
   events is also described in [3].

   If the subscription is indicated as active, NOTIFY requests are
   handled as described in package specific documents and [3].

4.  Resource List Server Behaviour

   The Resource List Server is defined in [4].  This section describes
   how such entity behaves in the presence of a filter in a subscription
   to a list.




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4.1  Request-URI vs. Filter URI

   If the URI is not defined within the filter, the filter applies to
   the resource list identified in the Request-URI of the SUBSCRIBE
   request.  This results in the filter being applied to all the
   notifications that the RLS issues to this subscription.  The same
   processing applies to a filter that defines a URI that matches the
   request-URI of the SUBSCRIBE request.  I.e.  The filter applies to
   all notifications that the RLS issues to this subscription.

   If the URI indicated by the filter is for one resource whose URI is
   one of the URIs that result from a lookup, by the RLS, on the
   Request-URI, the filter for that particular resource is extracted and
   propagated in the SUBSCRIBE request sent to that resource.  It is
   possible to have more than one filter in a SUBSCRIBE request body,
   and therefore a filter specific to a resource MUST be extracted and
   only that is propagated.  For example, if the Request-URI  in a
   SUBSCRIBE has the value "sip:mybuddies@example.com" where
   "bob@example.com" is a resource belonging to that list, and the URI
   in a filter is "sip:bob@example.com", the filter specific for Bob is
   extracted and placed in the body of the SUBSCRIBE sent to
   "bob@example.com".

   If the URI indicated by the filter is for one resource whose URI is
   NOT under the RLS administrative control, the RLS propagates the
   filter to all the fanned out subscriptions sent to destinations
   outside the administrative domain of the RLS.  This is to accommodate
   the scenario where the subscriber knows that there are sub-lists in
   the event list that are under a different administrative domain than
   where the original subscription was sent to, and the subscriber
   wishes to set a filter for a resource in that sub-list.

   If the URI indicated by the filter is for one resource whose URI is
   under the RLS administrative control but is not part of the resource
   list that the subscription was addressed to, the filter is not
   propagated.  In this case, it is the RLS responsibility to make sure
   than this filter is applied to notifications issued, if information
   about that resource is present.

   For example: If we have 2 lists, each located on its own RLS:

   List1 (list1@example.com) on RLS1 has: bob@example.com
   list2@biloxi.com

   List2 on RLS2 has: alice@biloxi.com sarah@example.com
   (Note: list2 is a resource in list1)

   RLS1 receives the following SUBSCRIBE request (the SUBSCRIBE is for



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   addressed to list1 and contains 2 filters: one for sarah@example.com
   and the other for alice@biloxi.com):


   SUBSCRIBE sip:List1@example.com SIP/2.0
   ...
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <filter-set xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:simple-filter">
     <ns-bindings>
       <ns-binding prefix="pidf" urn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"/>
     </ns-bindings>
     <filter id="999" uri="sip:sarah@example.com">
       <what>
         <include type="namespace">
           urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf</include>
         <exclude>
           //pidf:tuple/pidf:note</exclude>
       </what>
     </filter>
     <filter id="8439" uri="sip:alice@biloxi.com">
       <what>
         <include>
           //pidf:tuple/pidf:status/pidf:basic</include>
       </what>
     </filter>
   </filter-set>


   RLS1 fans out subscriptions to resources on list1.  The text above
   suggests that if a filter is destined to a resource that is not part
   of the list and is outside the administrative domain of an RLS, then
   that filter is propagated.  The rest are consumed.  In our example,
   only the filter to alice@biloxi.com is propagated since biloxi.com is
   not under the administrative domain of RLS1.  The filter to
   sarah@example.com is consumed, and RLS1 needs to apply that filter to
   notifications it receives.

   URI matching is done according to the matching rules defined for a
   particular scheme (SIP URI matching rules are defined in RFC3261
   [2].

   A filter may also be addressed to a domain using the "domain"
   attribute instead of the "uri" attribute.  In this case, the filter
   applies to resources in that domain and the RLS MUST NOT apply
   filters to any notifications it sends, but instead MUST forward the
   filter with all fanned out subscriptions to the notifiers.

   As indicated in Section 3.3.1, multiple filters can be present in a



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   SUBSCRIBE request.  Filters can also be added or modified as
   indicated in Section 3.3.3.  In such circumstances, an RLS MUST check
   that there are no filters addressed to the same resource or domain
   and if so, it MUST reject the SUBSCRIBE request with a "488" error
   response.

4.2  Changing Filters within a Dialog

   If an RLS receives a subscription refresh request with no filters
   specified (empty payload), the RLS assumes that the client does not
   wish to update the filters.  If an RLS receives a subscription
   refresh with a filter containing the 'remove="true"' attribute as
   defined in [5], the RLS assumes that the client is removing that
   filter identified by the filter ID.

   If an RLS receives a subscription refresh request with a filter that
   already exists (i.e.  having the same filter ID), the RLS interprets
   it as a replacement of the existing filter.  Replacing a filter by
   changing the filter ID and keeping the resource URI is considered an
   error since this causes the RLS to assume that two filters are placed
   for the same resource.

5.  Server Operation

5.1  NOTIFY Bodies

   SIP entities compliant with this specification MUST support
   content-type 'application/simple-filter+xml'.

5.2  Notifier Processing SUBSCRIBE Requests

   This section presents additional functionality required from the
   notifier when filters are used in the bodies of the SUBSCRIBE
   requests.  Normal package specific functionality are otherwise
   followed.

   The notifier will examine the Content-Type header field and will
   return a 415 response if it does not understand the content type
   'application/simple-filter+xml'.

   A 200-class responses indicate that the subscription has been
   accepted, and the NOTIFY will be sent immediately.  A "200" response
   indicates that the subscription has been accepted, the user is
   authorized and the filter is accepted.  A "202" response merely
   indicates that the subscription has been understood, but the
   authorization may or may not have been granted.  A "202" response
   also indicates that the filters have not been accepted yet.  The
   acceptance of the filters MAY arrive in a subsequent NOTIFY.



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   Procedures described in section Section 5.4 are followed if an error
   is encountered.

   As indicated in Section 3.3.1, multiple filters can be present in a
   SUBSCRIBE request.  Filters can also be added or modified as
   indicated in Section 3.3.3.  In such circumstances, a server MUST
   check that there are no filters addressed to the same resource or
   domain and if so, it MUST reject the SUBSCRIBE request with a "488"
   error response.

5.2.1  Request-URI vs. Filter URI

   The subscriber may have chosen to leave the URI in the filter
   undefined.  If the URI is not defined within the filter, the filter
   applies to the resource identified in the Request-URI.

   Similarly, the subscriber may have chosen to include a URI in the
   filter.  In this case, the filter applies to all notifications sent
   with content associated with the resource with that URI, for this
   subscription.  If the Request-URI and the URI in the filter mismatch,
   the filter may be ignored or may be rejected.  URI matching is done
   according to the matching rules defined for a particular scheme (SIP
   URI matching rules are defined in RFC3261 [2].

   A filter may also be addressed to a domain using the "domain"
   attribute instead of the "uri" attribute.  In this case, the filter
   applies to resources in that domain.  The notifier MUST NOT apply
   filters to any notifications it sends if the domain is not that of
   its own, and MUST ignore it.  Notifiers belonging to the domain MUST
   apply the filter to all notifications it sends for that subscription,
   unless policy dictates otherwise.

5.2.2  Changing Filters within a Dialog

   If a server receives a subscription refresh request with no filters
   specified (empty payload), it assumes that the client does not wish
   to update the filters.  If it receives a subscription refresh with a
   filter containing the 'remove="true"' attribute as defined in [5],
   the server assumes that the client is removing that filter identified
   by the filter ID.

   If the server receives a subscription refresh request with a filter
   that already exists (i.e.  having the same filter ID), it interprets
   it as a replacement of the existing filter.  Replacing a filter by
   changing the filter ID and keeping the resource URI is considered an
   error since this causes the server to assume that two filters are
   placed for the same resource.






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5.3  Notifier Generating NOTIFY Requests

   Upon receiving the SUBSCRIBE with the filter, the notifier SHOULD
   retain the filter as long as the subscription persists.  The filter
   MAY be incorporated within an existing subscription (in an active
   dialog) by sending a re-SUBSCRIBE that includes the filter in the
   body.

   If the response sent to the SUBSCRIBE was a "202" and the "202" was
   chosen because the filter could not be accepted that time, the NOTIFY
   MAY be used to terminate the subscription if the filter was found
   unacceptable.

   As described in [3], the NOTIFY message MAY contain a body that
   describes the state of the resource.  This body is in one of the
   formats listed in the Accept header field of the SUBSCRIBE, or the
   package specific default if the Accept header field is omitted.

   Based on the contects of a filter, the following processing occurs:


   o  A filter with only a <what> element will result in sending the
      requested resource state information in that <what> element
      whenever there is a change in the resource state.

   o  A filter with only a <trigger> element will result in sending all
      resource state information whenever there is a change in the
      resource state that matches the triggers.

   o  A filter with a <what> and <trigger> elements will result in
      sending the requested resource state information in that <what>
      element whenever there is a change in the resource state that
      matches the triggers.


   When a filter is disabled (by setting the 'enabled' attribute to
   "false"), all state and state changes are reported.  A disabled
   filter means the same thing as the absence of that filter.  I.e.  All
   changes to a resource state result in issuing a notification to the
   subscriber (assuming there are no other filters).

   When a filter is re-enabled, (by setting the 'enabled' attribute to
   "true", or by omitting the 'enabled' attribute), the notifier behaves
   as if the filter has just been placed by the SUBSCRIBE request
   enabling it.  Immediate NOTIFY rules as stated in Section 5.3.1
   apply.





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5.3.1  Generation of NOTIFY Contents

   If the NOTIFY being sent is the immediate one sent after a 2xx
   response to the original SUBSCRIBE, its contents MUST be populated
   according to the filter <what> element unless the processing of the
   filters will take too long or the NOTIFY request is following a "202"
   response to the SUBSCRIBE request and is terminating the
   subscription.  In the case that the filter is taking too long to
   process, the NOTIFY request being sent may be empty or may be
   populated with a pre-configured value as authorised to that
   subscriber.  If applying the filter results in no content to be
   delivered, the NOTIFY MUST be sent with empty contents.  If the
   filter contains <trigger> elements, the notifier ignores the trigger
   values when generating the first NOTIFY request.

   The input to the content filter is a package specific XML document,
   e.g.  [7] and [9] derived according to the package specific
   specifications, ([8] and [10]).

   The content is filtered according to the expressions in the <what>
   element of the filter.  The expression indicates the delivered XML
   elements and/or attributes.  Prefixes of the namespaces of the items
   of the XML document to be filtered must be expanded before applying
   the filter to the items.

   The expression directly states the XML elements and attributes to be
   delivered in the NOTIFY, along with their values.  In addition to the
   selected contents also the namespaces of all the selected items are
   included in the NOTIFY.  The XML elements and/or attributes indicated
   by the expression in the <what> element must be items that the
   subscriber is authorised to see.  If not, the notifier policy
   dictates the behaviour of the notifier (notifier can either ignore
   the filter, parts of the filter, or reject the filter completely).
   Implementers need to carefully consider such an implementation
   decision; the subscriber may not be aware of the authorised contents
   and therefore most likely will include a filter requesting
   unauthorised contents.  It is therefore RECOMMENDED that notifiers
   just ignore the parts of the filter where it is requesting
   unauthorised info.  I.e.  The filter in the <filter> element where
   the unauthorised contents are requested is ignored.  If polite
   blocking is used by the notifier, the notifier may choose to ignore
   the filter, by choosing to deliver notifications containing bogus
   information in the unauthorised elements or attributes.

   The resultant XML document MUST be well formed and valid according to
   the XML schema.  This means that all mandatory elements and
   attributes along with their values MUST be included in the XML
   document regardless of the expression.  In other words, if the



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   results of applying a filter on an XML document is a non-valid XML
   document, the notifier MUST add elements and attributes, along with
   their values, from the original XML document into the newly
   formulated one in order for it to be a valid one.

5.3.2  Handling of Notification Triggering Rules

   There can be several <trigger> elements inside one <filter> element.
   If the criteria for any of the <trigger> elements are satisfied, a
   NOTIFY SHOULD be generated.

   The items (XML elements and/or attributes) indicated by the
   expression in the <changed> element, <added> element or <removed>
   element must be items that the subscriber is authorised to access.
   If not, the notifier policy dictates the behaviour of the notifier
   (notifier can either ignore the filter, parts of the filter, or
   reject the filter completely).

5.4  Handling Abnormal Cases

   In case of an invalid filter definition where the XML document of the
   filter is not aligned with the XML schema of the filter format[5],
   the notifier rejects the SUBSCRIBE request with a "488" response.  A
   Warning header field in the response may give better indication why
   the filters were not accepted.  If the subscription was accepted with
   a "202" response but the invalid filter was discovered after that, a
   NOTIFY with a subscription-state of value 'terminated' is sent.  An
   event-reason-value "badfilter", introduced here, of subexp-params [3]
   MAY be included.

   In case of an erroneous expression in the filter definition the
   notifier either ignores the filter definition or terminates the
   subscription.

   If a <what> or <trigger> element is empty, the notifier proceeds as
   if the element did not exist.

6.  XML Document Validation

   The creator of the filter MUST ensure that the XML document inserted
   as the SUBSCRIBE request body is well-formed and valid.  The creator
   MUST NOT insert any extension elements or attributes into the XML
   document unless it has access to the extension schema and can
   validate the XML document.  The XML document consumer MAY validate
   the XML document according the schemas, including extension schemas,
   it has access to that are applicable to this XML document.





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7.  Examples

   The following chapters include filtering examples for Presence and
   Watcher Information.  The format of filter is according to [5].

7.1  Presence Specific Examples

   This chapter describes three use cases where the presence information
   filtering solution is utilised [8].  In the first use case the
   watcher is interested in getting messaging specific information of a
   certain presentity.  In the second use case the watcher is interested
   in getting information about the communication means and contact
   addresses the presentity is currently available for communication on.
   The third case shows how a presentity can request triggers to receive
   notifications

   Below is the Presentity's presence information in PIDF [7].  It
   includes two tuples: one for the instant messaging and another for
   the voice related information.
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
         <presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
                           xmlns:rpid="urn:ietf:params:ns:rpid-tuple"
                           entity="sip:presentity@example.com">
            <tuple id="432sd">
               <status>
                  <basic>closed</basic>
               </status>
               <rpid:class>im</rpid:class>
               <contact>im:presentity@example.com</contact>
            </tuple>
            <tuple id="thr76jk">
               <status>
                  <basic>open</basic>
               </status>
               <rpid:class>voice</rpid:class>
               <contact>tel:2224055555@example.com</contact>
            </tuple>
         </presence>


7.1.1  Subscriber Requests Messaging Related Information

   The subscriber initiates a subscription to the presentity's messaging
   (MMS, IM and SMS) related presence information.  The subscription
   includes the content limiting filter.

   The filtered content is indicated with an expression.  This
   expression selects the <basic>  element and all the parent elements



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   (this means the status, tuple and its root element), the <class>
   element and the <contact> element.  The filter is: <class> elements
   that have values "MMS", "SMS" or "IM".

   In this case, the notification includes the contents of the tuple
   that has the value "IM" in its <class> element.

   SUBSCRIBE request from the subscriber including filter:

   SUBSCRIBE sip:presentity@example.com
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP client.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfdsjfk
   To: <sip:presentity@example.com>
   From: <sip:watcher@example.com>;tag:12341111
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
   Expires: 3600
   Event: Presence
   Contact: <sip:watcher@client.example.com>
   Content-Type: application/simple-filter+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <filter-set xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:simple-filter">
     <ns-bindings>
       <ns-binding prefix="pidf" urn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"/>
       <ns-binding prefix="rpid"
                          urn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid-tuple"/>
     </ns-bindings>
     <filter id="123" uri="sip:presentity@example.com">
       <what>
         <include type="xpath">
           //pidf:tuple[rpid:class="IM" or rpid:class="SMS"
           or rpid:class="MMS"]/pidf:status/pidf:basic
       </include>
       <include type="xpath">
         //pidf:tuple[rpid:class="IM" or rpid:class="SMS"
         or rpid:class="MMS"]/rpid:class
       </include>
       <include type="xpath">
         //pidf:tuple[rpid:class="IM" or rpid:class="SMS"
         or rpid:class="MMS"]/pidf:contact
       </include>
       </what>
     </filter>
   </filter-set>

   Notification to the subscriber:




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   NOTIFY sip:watcher@client.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP presence.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfder
   To: <sip:watcher@example.com>;tag:12341111
   From: <sip:presentity@example.com>;tag:232321
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 NOTIFY
   Event: Presence
   Subscription-State: active; expires=3599
   Contact: sip:presentity@server.example.com
   Content-Type: application/pidf+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
      xmlns:rpid="urn:example-com:ietf:params:ns:rpid-tuple"
      entity="sip:presentity@example.com">
         <tuple id="432sd">
            <status>
               <basic>closed</basic>
            </status>
            <rpid:class>im</rpid:class>
            <contact>im:presentity@example.com</contact>
         </tuple>
      </presence>


7.1.2  Subscriber Fetches Information about "Open" Communication Means

   The subscriber makes a subscription to the presentity's available
   communication means.  The subscription includes the content limiting
   filter.

   The filtered content is indicated with an expression.  This
   expression selects the <basic>  element and all the parent elements
   (this means the status, tuple and its root element), the <class>
   element and the <contact> element.  The filter is: the <basic>
   element's value is "Open".

   In this case the notification returns the contents of the tuple that
   has both the value "open" inside the <status> element.

   SUBSCRIBE request from the subscriber including filter:

   SUBSCRIBE sip:presentity@example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP client.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfdsjfk
   To: <sip:presentity@example.com>
   From: <sip:watcher@example.com>;tag:12341111
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342



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   Cseq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
   Expires: 3600
   Event: Presence
   Contact: <sip:watcher@client.example.com>
   Content-Type: application/simple-filter+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <filter-set xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:simple-filter">
     <ns-bindings>
       <ns-binding prefix="pidf" urn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"/>
       <ns-binding prefix="rpid"
                          urn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid-tuple"/>
     </ns-bindings>
     <filter id="123" uri="sip:presentity@example.com">
       <what>
         <include type="xpath">
           //pidf:tuple/pidf:status[pidf:basic="open"]/pidf:basic
         </include>
         <include type="xpath">
           //pidf:tuple[pidf:status/pidf:basic="open"]/rpid:class
         </include>
         <include type="xpath">
           //pidf:tuple[pidf:status/pidf:basic="open"]/pidf:contact
         </include>
       </what>
     </filter>
   </filter-set>


   Notification to the subscriber:

   NOTIFY sip:watcher@client.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP presence.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfder
   To: <sip:watcher@example.com>;tag:12341111
   From: <sip:presentity@example.com>;tag:232321
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 NOTIFY
   Event: Presence
   Subscription-State: active; expires=3599
   Contact: sip:presentity@server.example.com
   Content-Type: application/pidf+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
      xmlns:rpid="urn:example-com:ietf:params:ns:rpid-tuple"
      entity="sip:presentity@example.com">



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         <tuple id="thr76jk">
            <status>
               <basic>open</basic>
            </status>
               <rpid:class>voice</rpid:class>
               <contact>tel:2224055555@example.com</contact>
         </tuple>
      </presence>



7.1.3  Subscriber Requests Notifications when Presentity's Status
      Changes

   The subscriber subscribes to the presentity, specifying in the filter
   that it wants notifications only when the <basic> element has changed
   to value 'open'

   SUBSCRIBE request from the subscriber including filter:

   SUBSCRIBE sip:presentity@example.com
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP client.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfdsjfk
   To: <sip:presentity@example.com>
   From: <sip:watcher@example.com>;tag:12341111
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
   Expires: 3600
   Event: Presence
   Contact: <sip:watcher@client.example.com>
   Content-Type: application/simple-filter+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <filter-set xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:simple-filter">
     <ns-bindings>
       <ns-binding prefix="pidf" urn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"/>
     </ns-bindings>
     <filter id="123" uri="sip:presentity@example.com">
       <trigger>
         <changed from="closed" to="open">
           /pidf:presence/pidf:tuple/pidf:status/pidf:basic
         </changed>
       </trigger>
     </filter>
   </filter-set>

   At some point during the subscription, a 2nd PIDF document is created
   with both tuples having status of closed:



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   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
      xmlns:rpid="urn:example-com:ietf:params:ns:rpid-tuple"
      entity="sip:presentity@example.com">
         <tuple id="432sd">
            <status>
              <basic>closed</basic>
            </status>
               <rpid:class>im</rpid:class>
               <contact>im:presentity@example.com</contact>
         </tuple>
         <tuple id="thr76jk">
            <status>
               <basic>closed</basic>
            </status>
            <rpid:class>voice</rpid:class>
            <contact>tel:2224055555@example.com</contact>
         </tuple>
      </presence>

   A NOTIFY is not sent to the subscriber in this case.

   Now, a 3rd PIDF document is created when IM status changes to OPEN:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
      xmlns:rpid="urn:example-com:ietf:params:ns:rpid-tuple"
      entity="sip:presentity@example.com">
         <tuple id="432sd">
            <status>
               <basic>open</basic>
            </status>
            <rpid:class>im</rpid:class>
            <contact>im:presentity@example.com</contact>
         </tuple>
         <tuple id="thr76jk">
            <status>
               <basic>closed</basic>
            </status>
            <rpid:class>voice</rpid:class>
            <contact>tel:2224055555@example.com</contact>
         </tuple>
      </presence>


   Notification containing both tuples is sent to the subscriber in this
   case:




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   NOTIFY sip:watcher@client.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP presence.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfder
   To: <sip:watcher@example.com>;tag:12341111
   From: <sip:presentity@example.com>;tag:232321
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 NOTIFY
   Event: Presence
   Subscription-State: active; expires=3599
   Contact: sip:presentity@server.example.com
   Content-Type: application/pidf+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
      xmlns:rpid="urn:example-com:ietf:params:ns:rpid-tuple"
      entity="sip:presentity@example.com">
         <tuple id="432sd">
            <status>
               <basic>closed</basic>
            </status>
            <rpid:class>im</rpid:class>
            <contact>im:presentity@example.com</contact>
         </tuple>
         <tuple id="thr76jk">
            <status>
               <basic>open</basic>
            </status>
            <rpid:class>voice</rpid:class>
            <contact>tel:2224055555@example.com</contact>
         </tuple>
      </presence>


7.2  Watcher Information Specific Examples

   The examples in this section use the winfo template-package with the
   presence event package [10].














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   Watcher information to a Presentity:

      <?xml version="1.0"?>
        <watcherinfo xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:watcherinfo"
      version="0" state="full">
        <watcher-list resource="sip:presentity@example.com"
                      package="presence">
            <watcher status="active"
               id="sr8fdsj"
               duration-subscribed="509"
               expiration="20"
               event="approved">sip:watcherA@example.com"</watcher>
            <watcher status="pending"
               id="sr8fdsj"
               duration-subscribed="501"
               expiration="100"
               event="subscribe">sip:watcherB@example.com"</watcher>
            <watcher status="terminated"
               id="sr8fdsj"
               duration-subscribed="500"
               expiration="0"
               event="rejected">sip:watcherC@example.com"</watcher>
            <watcher status="active"
               id="sr8fdsj"
               duration-subscribed="20"
               expiration="30"
               event="approved">sip:watcherD@example.com"</watcher>
        </watcher-list>
        </watcherinfo>


7.2.1  Watcher Subscriber Makes Subscription to Get All the Information
      about Active Watchers


   SUBSCRIBE request from the presentity including the filter:

   SUBSCRIBE sip:presentity@example.com
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP client.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfdsjfk
   To: <sip:presentity@example.com>
   From: <sip:presentity@example.com>;tag:12341111
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
   Expires: 3600
   Event: Presence.winfo
   Contact: sip:presentity@client.example.com
   Content-Type: application/simple-filter+xml
   Content-Length: ...



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   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <filter-set xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:simple-filter">
     <ns-bindings>
       <ns-binding prefix="wi"
                          urn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:watcherinfo"/>
     </ns-bindings>
     <filter id="123" uri="sip:presentity@example.com">
       <what>
         <include>
           /wi:watcherinfo/wi:watcher-list[@package="presence"]/
           wi:watcher[@status="active"]
         </include>
   </what>
   </filter>
   </filter-set>


   Notification to the subscriber:

   NOTIFY sip:presentity@client.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP presence.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfder
   To: sip:presentity@example.com;tag:12341111
   From: sip:presentity@example.com;tag:232321
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 NOTIFY
   Contact: sip:presentity@server.example.com
   Event: Presence.winfo

   Content-Type: application/watcherinfo+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0"?>
     <watcherinfo xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:watcherinfo"
   version="0" state="full">
     <watcher-list resource="sip:presentity@example.com"
                   package="presence">
         <watcher status="active"
            id="sr8fdsj"
            duration-subscribed="509"
            expiration="20"
            event="approved">sip:watcherA@example.com"</watcher>
         <watcher status="active"
            id="sr8fdsj"
            duration-subscribed="20"
            expiration="30"
            event="approved">sip:watcherD@example.com"</watcher>
     </watcher-list>
     </watcherinfo>



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7.2.2  Watcher Subscriber Requests Information of Watchers with Specific
      Subscription Duration Conditions


   SUBSCRIBE request from the presentity including the filter:

   SUBSCRIBE sip:presentity@example.com
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP client.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfdsjfk
   To: <sip:presentity@example.com>;tag:12341111
   From: <sip:presentity@example.com>
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
   Expires: 0
   Event: Presence.winfo
   Contact: <sip:presentity@client.example.com>
   Content-Type: application/simple-filter+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <filter-set xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:simple-filter">
     <ns-bindings>
       <ns-binding prefix="wi"
                          urn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:watcherinfo"/>
     </ns-bindings>
     <filter id="123" uri="sip:presentity@example.com">
       <what>
         <include>
           /wi:watcherinfo/wi:watcher-list[@package="presence"]/
           wi:watcher[@duration-subscribed>500]
         </include>
       </what>
     <filter>
   </filter-set>

   Notification to the subscriber:

   NOTIFY sip:presentity@client.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP presence.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfder
   To: sip:presentity@example.com;tag:12341111
   From: sip:presentity@example.com;tag:232321
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 NOTIFY
   Contact: sip:presentity@server.example.com
   Event: Presence.winfo

   Content-Type: application/watcherinfo+xml
   Content-Length: ...




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   <?xml version="1.0"?>
     <watcherinfo xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:watcherinfo"
   version="0" state="full">
     <watcher-list resource="sip:presentity@example.com"
                   package="presence">
         <watcher status="active"
            id="sr8fdsj"
            duration-subscribed="509"
            expiration="20"
            event="approved">sip:watcherA@example.com"</watcher>
         <watcher status="pending"
            id="sr8fdsj"
            duration-subscribed="501"
            expiration="100"
            event="subscribe">sip:watcherB@example.com"</watcher>
     </watcher-list>
     </watcherinfo>


7.2.3  Watcher Subscriber Requests Specific Watcher Info On Specific
      Triggers

   This filter selects watcher information notifications [9] to be sent
   when the pending subscription status has changed from 'pending' to
   'terminated'.  In the notification, only the watchers that have a
   status of 'terminated' and an event of 'rejected' are included.

   SUBSCRIBE request from the Watcher Subscriber including the filter:

   SUBSCRIBE sip:presentity@example.com
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP client.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfdsjfk
   To: <sip:presentity@example.com>;tag:12341111
   From: <sip:presentity@example.com>
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
   Expires: 0
   Event: Presence.winfo
   Contact: <sip:presentity@client.example.com>
   Content-Type: application/simple-filter+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <filter-set xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:simple-winfo-filter">
     <ns-bindings>
       <ns-binding prefix="wi"
                          urn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:watcherinfo"/>
     </ns-bindings>
     <filter id="123" uri="sip:presentity@example.com">



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       <what>
         <include>
           /wi:watcherinfo/wi:watcher-list[@package="presence"]/
           wi:watcher[@status="terminated" and @event="rejected"]
         </include>
       </what>
       <trigger>
         <changed from="pending"
                                             to="terminated">
           //@status
         </changed>
       </trigger>
     </filter>
   </filter-set>

   At some point during the subscription, a 2nd Winfo document is
   created due to some change:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
        <watcherinfo xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:watcherinfo"
      version="0" state="full">
        <watcher-list resource="sip:presentity@example.com"
                      package="presence">
            <watcher status="active"
               id="sr8fdsj"
               duration-subscribed="509"
               expiration="20"
               event="approved">sip:watcherA@example.com"</watcher>
            <watcher status="terminated"
               id="sr8fdsj"
               duration-subscribed="501"
               expiration="100"
               event="rejected">sip:watcherB@example.com"</watcher>
            <watcher status="terminated"
               id="sr8fdsj"
               duration-subscribed="500"
               expiration="0"
               event="rejected">sip:watcherC@example.com"</watcher>
            <watcher status="active"
               id="sr8fdsj"
               duration-subscribed="20"
               expiration="30"
               event="approved">sip:watcherD@example.com"</watcher>
       </watcher-list>
        </watcherinfo>

   Notification to the subscriber is created, taking into account the
   <trigger> and <what> elements:



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   NOTIFY sip:presentity@client.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP presence.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKxjfder
   To: sip:presentity@example.com;tag:12341111
   From: sip:presentity@example.com;tag:232321
   Call-ID: 32432udfidfjmk342
   Cseq: 1 NOTIFY
   Contact: sip:presentity@server.example.com
   Event: Presence.winfo

   Content-Type: application/watcherinfo+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0"?>
     <watcherinfo xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:watcherinfo"
   version="0" state="full">
     <watcher-list resource="sip:presentity@example.com"
                   package="presence">
         <watcher status="terminated"
            id="sr8fdsj"
            duration-subscribed="501"
            expiration="100"
            event="rejected">sip:watcherB@example.com"</watcher>
         <watcher status="terminated"
            id="sr8fdsj"
            duration-subscribed="500"
            expiration="0"
            event="rejected">sip:watcherC@example.com"</watcher>
     </watcher-list>
     </watcherinfo>

8.  Security Considerations

   The presence of filters in the body of a SIP message has a
   significant effect on the ways in which the request is handled at a
   server.  As a result, it is especially important that messages
   containing this extension be authenticated and authorized.
   Authentication can be achieved using the Digest Authentication
   mechanism described in [2].  The authorisation decision is made based
   on the permissions that the resource (notifier) has given to the
   watcher.  An example of such auhorisation policy can be found in
   [11].

   Processing of requests and looking up filters requires set operations
   and searches, which can require some amount of computation.  This
   enables a DoS attack whereby a user can send requests with
   substantial numbers messages with large contents, in the hopes of
   overloading the server.  To counter this, the server can establish a
   limit on the number of occurrences of the  <what>, <changed>, <added>



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   and <removed> elements allowed in the filters.  A default limit of 40
   is RECOMMENDED, however, servers may raise or lower the limit
   depending upon their specific engineered capacity.

   Requests can reveal sensitive information about a UA's capabilities.
   If this information is sensitive, it SHOULD be encrypted using SIP
   S/MIME capabilities [6].  All package specific security measures MUST
   be followed.

   Propagating filters in SUBSCRIBE requests to foreign domains reveals
   sensitive information about a user's resource lists.  It is therefore
   required that an RLS does not forward a filter if that filter is
   addressed to a resource that is under the administrative domain of
   the RLS, but is not on the resource list.  Section 4.1 shows an
   example where such a scenario can occur.

   It is important to note that a filtered document located at a
   subscriber may project false reality.  For example, if a subscriber
   asked to be notified when a resource has changed his presence state
   from closed to open but not from open to closed, then the subscriber
   may afterwards be under the false impression that the resource's
   presence state is open even long after the resource has changed it to
   closed.  Therefore, subscribers need to be sure what they put in a
   filter, understand what they asked for and be prepared to be out of
   sync with the real state of a resource.

9.  IANA Considerations

   A new event-reason-value "badfilter" is defined to represent the
   event where the filter is not well formed and/or not accepted.  No
   IANA registration is required for this value.

10.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank George Foti, Tim Moran, Sreenivas
   Addagatla, Juha Kalliokulju, Jari Urpalainen and Mary Barnes for
   their valuable input.

11.  References

11.1  Normative References

   [1]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [2]  Rosenberg et al., J., Shulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
        A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M. and E. Schooler, "SIP:
        Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.



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   [3]  Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event
        Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.

   [4]  Roach, A., "A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event
        Notification Extension for Resource Lists",
         draft-ietf-simple-event-list-07.txt, December 2004.

   [5]  Khartabil, H., "An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Based Format
        for Event Notification Filtering",
         draft-ietf-simple-filter-format-05.txt, February 2005.

   [6]  Ramsdell, B., "S/MIME Version 3 Message Specification",
        RFC 2633, June 1999.

11.2  Informative References

   [7]   Sugano, H., "Presence Information Data Format", RFC 3863,
         Auguest 2004.

   [8]   Rosenberg, J., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extensions
         for Presence", RFC 3856, July 2004.

   [9]   Rosenberg, J., "An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Based
         Format for Watcher Information", RFC 3858, July 2004.

   [10]  Rosenberg, J., "A Watcher Information Event Template-Package
         for SIP", RFC 3857, July 2004.

   [11]  Rosenberg, J., "Presence Authorization Rules",
          draft-ietf-simple-presence-rules-01, April 2005.


Authors' Addresses

   Hisham Khartabil
   Telio
   P.O. Box 1203 Vika
   Oslo
   Norway

   Phone: +47 2167 3544
   Email: hisham.khartabil@telio.no









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   Eva Leppanen
   Nokia
   P.O BOX 785
   Tampere
   Finland

   Phone: +358 7180 77066
   Email: eva-maria.leppanen@nokia.com


   Mikko Lonnfors
   Nokia
   Itamerenkatu 00180
   Helsinki
   Finland

   Phone: + 358 50 4836402
   Email: mikko.lonnfors@nokia.com


   Jose Costa-Requena
   Nokia
   P.O. Box 321
   FIN-00045 NOKIA GROUP
   FINLAND

   Phone: +358 71800 8000
   Email: jose.costa-requena@nokia.com























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