INTERNET-DRAFT                                              Mingui Zhang
Intended Status: Proposed Standard                                Huawei
                                                           Radia Perlman
                                                                     EMC
                                                            Hongjun Zhai
                                                                     JIT
                                                        Muhammad Durrani
                                                                 Brocade
                                                             Sujay Gupta
                                                             IP Infusion
Expires: April 30, 2015                                 October 27, 2014

        TRILL Active-Active Edge Using Multiple MAC Attachments
                draft-ietf-trill-aa-multi-attach-02.txt

Abstract

   TRILL active-active service provides end stations with flow level
   load balance and resilience against link failures at the edge of
   TRILL campuses as described in RFC 7379.

   This draft specifies a method in which member RBridges in an active-
   active edge RBridge group use their own nicknames as ingress RBridge
   nicknames to encapsulate frames from attached end systems. Thus,
   remote edge RBridges are required to keep multiple locations of one
   MAC address in one Data Label. Design goals of this specification are
   discussed in the document.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as
   Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html



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Copyright and License Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors. All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document. Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1. Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2
   2. Acronyms and Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.1. Acronyms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3. Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   4. Incremental Deployable Options  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     4.1. Detail of Option C  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     4.2. Multi-MAC-Attach Capability Flags TLV . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   5. Meeting the Design Goals  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     5.1. No MAC Flip-Floping (Normal Unicast Egress) . . . . . . . . 10
     5.2. Regular Unicast/Multicast Ingress . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.3. Correct Multicast Egress  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       5.3.1. No Duplication (Single Exit Point)  . . . . . . . . . . 10
       5.3.2. No Echo (Split Horizon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.4. No Black-hole or Triangular Forwarding  . . . . . . . . . . 12
     5.5. Load Balance Towards the AAE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     5.6. Scalability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   6. E-L1FS Backwards Compatibility  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     8.1. TRILL APPsub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     8.2. Active Active Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   9. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Appendix A. Scenarios for Split Horizon  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   Author's Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1. Introduction



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   As discussed in [RFC7379], in the TRILL Active-Active Edge (AAE)
   topology, a Local Active-Active Link Protocol (LAALP), for example, a
   Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (MC-LAG), is used to connect
   multiple RBridges to multiport Customer Equipment (CE), such as a
   switch, vSwitch or multi-port end station. An endnode clump is
   attached to this switch or vSwitch. It's required that data traffic
   within a specific VLAN from this endnode clump (including the multi-
   port end station) can be ingressed and egressed by any of these
   RBridges simultaneously. End systems in the clump can spread their
   traffic among these edge RBridges at the flow level. When a link
   fails, end systems keep using the rest of links in the LAALP without
   waiting for the convergence of TRILL, which provides resilience to
   link failures.

   Since a frame from each endnode can be ingressed by any RBridge in
   the AAE group, a remote edge RBridge may observe multiple attachment
   points (i.e., egress RBridges) for this endnode identified by its MAC
   address and Data Label (VLAN or Fine Grained Label (FGL)). This issue
   is known as the "MAC flip-flopping". Three potential solutions arise
   to address this issue:

      1) AAE member RBridges use a pseudonode nickname, instead of their
      own, as the ingress nickname for end systems attached to the
      LAALP. [PN] falls within this category.

      2) AAE member RBridges split work among themselves for which one
      will be responsible for which MAC addresses. A member RBridge will
      encapsulate the frame using its own nickname if it is responsible
      for the source MAC address. Otherwise, if the frame is known
      unicast, it encapsulates the frame using the nickname of the
      responsible RBridge; if the frame is multi-destination, it needs
      to redirect the frame to its responsible RBridge for
      encapsulation.

      3) AAE member RBridges keep using their own nicknames. Remote edge
      RBridges are required to keep multiple points of attachment per
      MAC address and Data Label attached to the AAE.

   The purpose of this document is to develop an approach based on
   solution 3. Although it focuses on exploring solution 3, the major
   design goals discussed here are common for all three AAE solutions.
   Through mirroring the scenarios studied in this draft, other
   potential solutions may benefit as well.

   The main body of the document is organized as follows. Section 2
   lists the acronyms and terminologies. Section 3 gives the overview
   model. Section 4 provides three options for incremental deployment.
   Section 5 describes how this approach meets the design goals. The



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   Sections after Section 5 cover security, IANA, and some backwards
   compatibility considerations.

2. Acronyms and Terminology

2.1. Acronyms

   AAE: Active-Active Edge

   CE : Customer Equipment (end station or bridge). The device can be
   either physical or virtual equipment.

   Data Label: VLAN or FGL

   ESADI: End Station Address Distribution Information [RFC7357]

   FGL: Fine Grained Label [RFC7172]

   IS-IS: Intermediate System to Intermediate System [ISIS]

   LAALP: As in [RFC7379], Local Active-Active Link Protocol. Any
   protocol similar to MC-LAG that runs in a distributed fashions on a
   CE, the links from that CE to a set of edge group RBridges, and on
   those RBridges.

   MC-LAG: Multi-Chassis LAG. Proprietary extensions of Link Aggregation
   [802.1AX] that support multiple devices (chassis) at one end.

   TRILL: TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links [RFC6325]

   vSwitch: A virtual switch such as a hypervisor that also simulates a
   bridge.

2.2. Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

   Familiarity with [RFC6325], [RFC6439] and [RFC7177] is assumed in
   this document.

3. Overview








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                               +-----+
                               | RB4 |
                    +----------+-----+----------+
                    |                           |
                    |                           |
                    |       Rest of campus      |
                    |                           |
                    |                           |
                    +-+-----+--+-----+--+-----+-+
                      | RB1 |  | RB2 |  | RB3 |
                      +-----\  +-----+  /-----+
                              \   |   /
                                \ | /
                                 |||LAALP1
                                 |||
                                +---+
                                | B |
                                +---+
                             H1 H2 H3 H4: VLAN 10

      Figure 3.1: An example topology for TRILL Active-Active Edge

   Figure 3.1 shows an example network for TRILL Active-Active Edge. In
   this figure, endnodes (H1, H2, H3 and H4) are attached to a bridge B
   that communicates with multiple RBridges (RB1, RB2 and RB3) via the
   LAALP. Suppose RB4 is a 'remote' RBridge out of the AAE group in the
   TRILL campus. This connection model is also applicable to the
   virtualized environment where the physical bridge can be replaced
   with a vSwitch while those bare metal hosts are replaced with virtual
   machines (VM).

   For a frame received from its attached endnode clumps, a member
   RBridge of the AAE group always encapsulates that frame using its own
   nickname as the ingress nickname no matter whether it's unicast or
   multicast.

   The remote RBridge RB4 will see multiple attachments for each MAC
   from one of the end-nodes.

4. Incremental Deployable Options

   Three options are listed below to handle incremental deployment
   scenarios. Among them, Option C can be incrementally implemented
   throughout a TRILL campus with common existing TRILL fast path
   hardware.

   -- Option A




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      A new capability announcement would appear in LSPs: "I can cope
      with data plane learning of multiple attachments for an endnode".
      Only if all edge RBridges to which the group has data connectivity
      announce this capability can the AAE group safely use this
      approach. For those legacy edge RBridges who are not capable of
      coping with multiple endnode attachments, new type TRILL switches
      will not establish data connectivity with them so that they are
      isolated from these new type TRILL switches, which may lead to
      network partition. Only edge RBridges (those that are Appointed
      Forwarders [RFC6439]) need to be able to support this. It does not
      affect transit RBridges.

   -- Option B

      Each edge RBridge in the AAE group ingresses frames from any LAALP
      into a specific TRILL topology [TRILL-MT]. In this way, the
      topology ID is used as the discriminator of different locations of
      a specific MAC address at the remote RBridge. TRILL could reserve
      a list of topology IDs to be dedicated to AAE. RBridges that do
      not support this reserved list would not establish connectivity
      with edge RBridges in the AAE group.

   -- Option C

      As pointed out in Section 4.2.6 of [RFC6325] and Section 5.3 of
      [RFC7357], one MAC address may be persistently claimed to be
      attached to multiple RBridges within the same Data Label in the
      TRILL ESADI-LSPs. For this option, AAE member RBridges make use of
      TRILL ESADI protocol to distribute multiple attachments of a MAC
      address. Remote RBridges SHOULD disable the data plane MAC
      learning for such multi-attached MAC addresses from TRILL Data
      packet decapsulation.

4.1. Detail of Option C

   An RBridge in an AAE MUST advertise all Data Labels enabled for all
   its attached LAALPs. Receiver edge RBridges MUST avoid flip-flopping
   of MAC learned from the TRILL Data packet decapsulation for the
   originating RBridge within these Data Labels. It's RECOMMENDED that
   the receiver edge RBridge disable the data plane MAC learning from
   TRILL Data packet decapsulation within those advertised Data Labels
   for the originating RBridge. However, alternative implementations may
   be used to produce the same expected behavior. A promising way is to
   make use of the confidence level mechanism [RFC6325]. For example,
   let the receiver edge RBridge give a prevailing confidence value
   (e.g., 0x21) to the first MAC attachment learned from the data plane
   over others from the TRILL Data packet decapsulation. So the receiver
   edge RBridge will stick to this MAC attachment until it is overridden



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   by one learned from the ESADI protocol [RFC7357]. The MAC attachment
   learned from ESADI is set to have higher confidence value (e.g.,
   0x80) to override any alternative learning from the decapsulation of
   received TRILL Data packets [RFC6325].

   The advertisement of enabled Data Labels for LAALP can be realized by
   allocating one reserved flag from the Interested VLANs and Spanning
   Tree Roots Sub-TLV (Section 2.3.6 of [RFC7176]) and one reserved flag
   from the Interested Labels and Spanning Tree Roots Sub-TLV (Section
   2.3.8 of [RFC7176]). When this flag is set to 1, the originating IS
   (RBridge) is advertising Data Labels for LAALPs rather than plain LAN
   links. (See Section 7.2)

   Whenever a MAC from the LAALP of this AAE is learned, it needs to be
   advertised via the ESADI protocol [RFC7357]. In its TRILL ESADI-LSPs,
   the originating RBridge needs to include the identifier of this AAE.
   Remote RBridges need to know all nicknames of RBridges in this AAE.
   This is achieved by listening to the "LAALP Group RBridges" TRILL
   APPsub-TLV defined in Section 5.3.2. MAC Reachability TLVs [RFC6165]
   are composed in a way that each TLV only contains MAC addresses of
   end-nodes attached to a single LAALP. Each such TLV is enclosed in a
   TRILL APPsub-TLV defined as follows.

      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Type = LAALP-GROUP-MAC        | (2 bytes)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Length                        | (2 bytes)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | LAALP ID Size |                 (1 byte)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...+-+-+
      | LAALP ID                        (k bytes)       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...+-+-+
      | MAC-Reachability TLV            (7 + 6*n bytes) |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...+-+-+

   o  Type: LAALP Group MAC (TRILL APPsub-TLV type #TBD)

   o  Length: The MAC-Reachability TLV [RFC6165] is contained in the
      value field as a sub-TLV. The total number of bytes contained in
      the value field is given by k+8+6*n.

   o  LAALP ID Size: The length of the LAALP ID in bytes.

   o  LAALP ID: The ID of the LAALP which is in the size of variable k
      bytes. Here, it also serves as the identifier of the AAE. If the
      LAALP is an MC-LAG, it is the 8 byte ID as specified in Clause
      5.3.2 in [802.1AX].




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   o  MAC-Reachability sub-TLV: The LAALP-GROUP-MAC APPsub-TLV value
      contains the MAC-Reachability TLV as a sub-TLV. As specified in
      Section 2.2 in [RFC7356], the type and length fields of the MAC-
      Reachability TLV are encoded as unsigned 16 bit integers. The one
      octet unsigned Confidence along with these TLVs SHOULD be set to
      prevail over those MAC addresses learned from TRILL Data
      decapsulation by remote edge RBridges.

   This LAALP-GROUP-MAC APPsub-TLV MUST be included in a TRILL GENINFO
   TLV [RFC7357] in the ESADI-LSP. There may be more than one occurrence
   of such TRILL APPsub-TLV in one ESADI-LSP fragment.

   For those MAC addresses contained in an LAALP-GROUP-MAC APPsub-TLV,
   this document applies. Otherwise, [RFC7357] applies. For example, an
   AAE member RBridge continues to enclose MAC addresses learned from
   TRILL Data packet decapsulation in MAC-Reachability TLV as per
   [RFC6165] and advertise them using the ESADI protocol.

   When the remote RBridge learns MAC addresses contained in the LAALP-
   GROUP-MAC APPsub-TLV via the ESADI protocol [RFC7357], it always
   sends the packets destined to these MAC addresses to the closest one
   (the one to which the remote RBridge has the least cost forwarding
   path) of those RBridges in the AAE identified by the LAALP ID in the
   LAALP-GROUP-MAC APPsub-TLV. If there are multiple equal least cost
   member RBridges, the ingress RBridge is required to select a unique
   one in a pseudo-random way as specified in Section 5.3 of [RFC7357].

   When another RBridge in the same AAE group receives an ESADI-LSP with
   the LAALP-GROUP-MAC APPsub-TLV, it also learns MAC addresses of those
   end-nodes served by the corresponding LAALP. These MAC addresses
   SHOULD be learned as if those end-nodes are locally attached to this
   RBridge itself.

   An AAE member RBridge MUST use the LAALP-GROUP-MAC APPsub-TLV to
   advertise the MAC addresses learned from a plain local link (a non
   LAALP link) with Data Labels that happen to be covered by the Data
   Labels of any attached LAALP. The reason is that MAC learning from
   TRILL Data packet decapsulation within these Data Labels at the
   remote edge RBridge has been disabled for this RBridge.

4.2. Multi-MAC-Attach Capability Flags TLV

   The following Multi-MAC-Attach Capability Flags TLV will be included
   in an E-L1FS FS-LSP fragment zero [RFC7180bis] as an APPsub-TLV of
   the TRILL GENINFO-TLV.






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      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Type = MULTI-MAC-ATTACH-CAP   | (2 bytes)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Length                        | (2 bytes)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |E|H| Reserved  |                 (1 byte)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: Multi-MAC-Attach Capability (TRILL APPsub-TLV type #TBD)

   o  Length: Set to 1.

   o  E: When this bit is set, it indicates the originating IS acts as
      specified in Option C.

   o  H: When this bit is set, it indicates that the originating IS
      keeps multiple MAC attachments learned from TRILL Data packet
      decapsulation with fast path hardware.

   o  Reserved: Reserved flags for future use. These MUST be sent as
      zero and ignored on receipt.

   The Multi-MAC-Attach Capability Flags TRILL APPsub-TLV is used to
   notify other RBridges whether the originating IS supports the
   capability indicated by the E and H bits. For example, if E bit is
   set, it indicates the originating IS will act as defined in Option C.
   That is, it will disable the MAC learning from TRILL Data packet
   decapsulation for AAE RBridges within Data Labels advertised by them
   while waiting for the TRILL ESADI-LSPs to distribute the {MAC,
   Nickname, Data Label} association. Meanwhile, this RBridge is able to
   act as an AAE RBridge. It's required to advertise MAC addresses
   learned from LAALPs in TRILL ESADI-LSPs using the LAALP-GROUP-MAC
   APPsub-TLV defined in Section 4.1. AAE RBridges supporting Options C
   won't establish data connectivity with remote edge RBridges unless
   this RBridge has advertised this Multi-MAC-Attach Capability Flags
   TLV with E bit set. The following step can be taken to block the data
   reach-ability to legacy RBridges.

   -- If an AAE RBridge supporting Option C observes a legacy RBridge
      from a port, for all adjacencies out of that port in the Report
      state [RFC7177], this AAE RBridge MUST report the adjacency cost
      as 2**24 - 1.

   Capability specification for Option B is out the scope of this
   document. It may be specified in documents for TRILL multi-topology
   [TRILL-MT].

5. Meeting the Design Goals



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   How this specification meets the major design goals of AAE is
   explored in this section.

5.1. No MAC Flip-Floping (Normal Unicast Egress)

   Since all RBridges talking with the AAE RBridges in the campus are
   able to keep multiple locations for one MAC address, a MAC address
   learned from one AAE member will not be overwritten by the same MAC
   address learned from another AAE member. Although multiple entries
   for this MAC address will be created, for return traffic the remote
   RBridge is required to adhere to a unique one of the locations (see
   Section 4.1) for each MAC address rather than keep flip-flopping
   among them.

5.2. Regular Unicast/Multicast Ingress

   LAALP guarantees that each frame will be sent upward to the AAE via
   exactly one uplink. RBridges in the AAE can simply follow the process
   per [RFC6325] to ingress the frame. For example, each RBridge uses
   its own nickname as the ingress nickname to encapsulate the frame. In
   such a scenario, each RBridge takes for granted that it is the
   Appointed Forwarder for the VLANs enabled on the uplink of the LAALP.

5.3. Correct Multicast Egress

   A fundamental design goal of AAE is that there must be no duplication
   or forwarding loop.

5.3.1. No Duplication (Single Exit Point)

   When multi-destination TRILL Data packets for a specific Data Label
   are received from the campus, it's important that exactly one RBridge
   out of the AAE group let through each multi-destination packet so no
   duplication will happen. The LAALP will have defined its selection
   function (using hashing or election algorithm) to designated a
   forwarder for a multi-destination frame. Since AAE member RBridges
   support the LAALP, they are able to utilize that selection function
   to determine the single exit point. If the output of the selection
   function points to the port attached to the receiver RBridge itself
   (i.e., the packet should be egressed out of this node), it egresses
   this packet for that AAE group. Otherwise, the packet MUST be
   dropped.

5.3.2. No Echo (Split Horizon)

   When a multi-destination frame originated from an LAALP is ingressed
   by an RBridge of an AAE group, distributed to the TRILL network and
   then received by another RBridge in the same AAE group, it is



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   important that this RBridge does not egress this frame back to this
   LAALP. Otherwise, it will cause a forwarding loop (echo). The well
   known 'split horizon' technique can be used to eliminate the echo
   issue.

   RBridges in the AAE group need to split horizon based on the ingress
   RBridge nickname plus the VLAN of the TRILL Data packet. They need to
   set up per port filtering lists consists of the tuple of <ingress
   nickname, VLAN>. Packets with information matching with any entry of
   the filtering list MUST NOT be egressed out of that port. The
   information of such filters is obtained by listening to the following
   "LAALP Group RBridges" APPsub-TLV included in the TRILL GENINFO TLV
   in FS-LSPs [RFC7180bis].

      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Type = LAALP-GROUP-RBRIDGES   | (2 bytes)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Length                        | (2 bytes)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Sender Nickname               | (2 bytes)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | LAALP ID Size |                 (1 byte)
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...+-+-+
      | LAALP ID                        (k bytes)       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...+-+-+

   o  Type: LAALP Group RBridges (TRILL APPsub-TLV type #TBD)

   o  Length: 3+k

   o  Sender Nickname: The nickname of the originating IS.

   o  LAALP ID Size: The length of the LAALP ID in bytes.

   o  LAALP ID: The ID of the LAALP which is k bytes long. If the LAALP
      is an MC-LAG, it is the 8-byte ID specified in Clause 5.3.2 in
      [802.1AX].

   All enabled VLANs MUST be consistent on all ports connected to an
   LAALP. So the enabled VLANs need not to be included in the LAALP
   Group RBridges TRILL APPsub-TLV. They can be locally obtained from
   the port attached to that LAALP.

   Through parsing LAALP Group RBridges TRILL APPsub-TLVs, the receiver
   RBridge discovers all other RBridges connected to the same LAALP. The
   Sender Nickname of the originating IS will be added into the
   filtering list of the port attached to the LAALP. For example, RB3 in
   Figure 3.1 will set up a filtering list looks like {<RB1, VLAN10>,



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   <RB2, VLAN10>} on its port attached to LAALP1. According to split
   horizon, TRILL Data packets within VLAN10 ingressed by RB1 or RB2
   will not be egressed out of this port.

   When there are multiple LAALPs connected to the same RBridge, these
   LAALPs may have overlap VLANs. Customer may need hosts within these
   overlap VLANs to communicate with each other. In Appendix A, several
   scenarios are given to explain how hosts communicate within the
   overlap VLANs and how split horizon happens.

5.4. No Black-hole or Triangular Forwarding

   If a sub-link of the LAALP fails while remote RBridges continue to
   send packets towards the failed port, a black-hole happens. If the
   AAE member RBridge with that failed port starts to redirect the
   packets to other member RBridges for delivery, triangular forwarding
   occurs.

   The member RBridge attached to the failed sub-link can make use of
   the ESADI protocol to flush those failure affected MAC addresses as
   defined in Section 5.2 of [RFC7357]. After doing that, no packets
   will be sent towards the failed port, hence no black-hole will
   happen. Nor will the member RBridge need to redirect packets to other
   member RBridges, which may otherwise lead to triangular forwarding.

5.5. Load Balance Towards the AAE

   Since a remote RBridge can record multiple attachments of one MAC
   address, this remote RBridge can choose to spread the traffic towards
   the AAE members. Each of them is able to act as the egress point. In
   doing this, the forwarding paths need not be limited to the least
   cost Equal Cost Multiple Paths from the ingress RBridge to the AAE
   RBridges. The traffic load from the remote RBridge towards the AAE
   RBridges can be balanced based on a pseudo-random selection method
   (see Section 4.1).

   Note that the load balance method adopted at the ingress RBridge is
   not to replace the load balance mechanism of LAALP. These two load
   spreading mechanisms should take effect separately.

5.6. Scalability

   With option A, multiple attachments need to be recorded for a MAC
   address learned from AAE RBridges. More entries may be consumed in
   the MAC learning table. However, MAC addresses attached to an LAALP
   are only a small part of all MAC addresses in the whole TRILL campus.
   As a result, the extra space required by the multi-attached MAC
   addresses can usually be accommodated by RBridges' unused MAC table



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   space.

   With option C, remote RBridges will keep the multiple attachments of
   a MAC address in the ESADI link state databases. While in the MAC
   table, an RBridge still establishes only one entry for each MAC
   address.

6. E-L1FS Backwards Compatibility

   The Extended TLVs defined in Section 4 and 5 are to be used in a
   Level 1 Flooding Scope [RFC7356] [RFC7180bis]. For those RBridges
   that do not support E-L1FS, the MULTI-MAC-ATTACH-CAP TRILL APPsub-TLV
   will not be sent out either. AAE RBridges will not establish data
   connectivity with these RBridges.

7. Security Considerations

   Authenticity for contents transported in IS-IS PDUs is enforced using
   regular IS-IS security mechanism [ISIS][RFC5310].

   For security considerations pertain to extensions hosted by TRILL
   ESADI, see the Security Considerations section in [RFC7357].

   For general TRILL security considerations, see [RFC6325].

8. IANA Considerations

8.1. TRILL APPsub-TLVs

   IANA is requested to allocate three new types under the TRILL GENINFO
   FLV [RFC7357] for the TRILL APPsub-TLVs defined in Section 4.1, 4.2
   and 5.3.2 of this document.

   Reference: [RFC7180bis] and [This document]

                  Type     Name                    Reference
               ---------- --------                 -----------
                       0  Reserved
                       1  ESADI-PARAM              [RFC7357]
                   2-251  Unassigned
                     252  LAALP-GROUP-MAC          [This document]
                     253  MULTI-MAC-ATTACH-CAP     [This document]
                     254  LAALP-GROUP-RBRIDGES     [This document]
                     255  Reserved
               256-65534  Unassigned
                   65535  Reserved

8.2. Active Active Flags



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   IANA is requested to allocate two flag bits, as follows:

   One flag bit appears in the "Interested VLANs and Spanning Tree Roots
   Sub-TLV".

      Bit  Mnemonic  Description                      Reference
      ---  --------  -----------                      ---------
        0     M4     IPv4 Multicast Router Attached   [RFC7176]
        1     M6     IPv6 Multicast Router Attached   [RFC7176]
        2      -     Unassigned
        3     ES     ESADI Participation              [RFC7357]
       4-15    -     (used for a VLAN ID)             [RFC7176]
        16    AA     Enabled VLANs for Active-Active  [This document]
      17-19    -     Unassigned
      20-31    -     (used for a VLAN ID)             [RFC7176]

   One flag bit appears in the "Interested Labels and Spanning Tree
   Roots Sub-TLV".

      Bit  Mnemonic  Description                      Reference
      ---  --------  -----------                      ---------
        0     M4     IPv4 Multicast Router Attached   [RFC7176]
        1     M6     IPv6 Multicast Router Attached   [RFC7176]
        2     BM     Bit Map                          [RFC7176]
        3     ES     ESADI Participation              [RFC7357]
        4     AA     FGLs for Active-Active           [This document]
       5-7     -     Unassigned

9. Acknowledgements

   Authors would like to thank the comments and suggestions from Andrew
   Qu, Donald Eastlake, Erik Nordmark, Fangwei Hu, Liang Xia, Weiguo
   Hao, Yizhou Li and Mukhtiar Shaikh.

10. References

10.1. Normative References

   [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC6165] Banerjee, A. and D. Ward, "Extensions to IS-IS for Layer-2
             Systems", RFC 6165, April 2011.

   [RFC6325] Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., Dutt, D., Gai, S., and A.
             Ghanwani, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol
             Specification", RFC 6325, July 2011.




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   [RFC6439] Perlman, R., Eastlake, D., Li, Y., Banerjee, A., and F. Hu,
             "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Appointed Forwarders", RFC
             6439, November 2011.

   [RFC7172] D. Eastlake 3rd and M. Zhang and P. Agarwal and R. Perlman
             and D. Dutt, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
             (TRILL): Fine-Grained Labeling", RFC 7172, May 2014.

   [RFC7176] D. Eastlake 3rd and T. Senevirathne and A. Ghanwani and D.
             Dutt and A. Banerjee, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots
             of Links (TRILL) Use of IS-IS", RFC7176, May 2014.

   [RFC7177] D. Eastlake 3rd and R. Perlman and A. Ghanwani and H. Yang
             and V. Manral, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of
             Links (TRILL): Adjacency", RFC 7177, May 2014.

   [RFC7356] Ginsberg, L., Previdi, S., and Y. Yang, "IS-IS Flooding
             Scope Link State PDUs (LSPs)", RFC 7356, September 2014.

   [RFC7357] Zhai, H., Hu, F., Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., and O.
             Stokes, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
             (TRILL): End Station Address Distribution Information
             (ESADI) Protocol", RFC 7357, September 2014.

   [RFC7379] Li, Y., Hao, W., Perlman, R., Hudson, J., and H. Zhai,
             "Problem Statement and Goals for Active-Active Connection
             at the Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)
             Edge", RFC 7379, October 2014.

   [802.1AX] IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area
             networks / Link Aggregation", 802.1AX-2008, 1 January 2008.

10.2. Informative References

   [PN]      H. Zhai, T. Senevirathne, et al, "TRILL: Pseudo-Nickname
             for Active-active Access", draft-ietf-trill-pseudonode-
             nickname, work in progress.

   [TRILL-MT] D. Eastlake, M. Zhang, A. Banerjee, V. Manral, "TRILL:
             Multi-Topology", draft-eastlake-trill-multi-topology, work
             in progress.

   [ISIS]    ISO, "Intermediate system to Intermediate system routeing
             information exchange protocol for use in conjunction with
             the Protocol for providing the Connectionless-mode Network
             Service (ISO 8473)", ISO/IEC 10589:2002.

   [RFC5310] Bhatia, M., Manral, V., Li, T., Atkinson, R., White, R.,



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             and M. Fanto, "IS-IS Generic Cryptographic Authentication",
             RFC 5310, February 2009.

   [RFC7180bis] D. Eastlake, M. Zhang, et al, "TRILL: Clarifications,
             Corrections, and Updates", draft-eastlake-trill-rfc7180bis,
             work in progress.

Appendix A. Scenarios for Split Horizon

    +------------------+   +------------------+   +------------------+
    |        RB1       |   |        RB2       |   |        RB3       |
    +------------------+   +------------------+   +------------------+
    L1       L2       L3   L1       L2       L3   L1       L2       L3
    VL10~20  VL15~25  VL15 VL10~20  VL15~25  VL15 VL10~20  VL15~25  VL15
    LAALP1   LAALP2   LAN  LAALP1   LAALP2   LAN  LAALP1   LAALP2   LAN
    B1       B2       B10  B1       B2       B20  B1       B2       B30

        Figure A.1: An example topology to explain split horizon

   Suppose RB1, RB2 and RB3 are the Active-Active group connecting
   LAALP1 and LAALP2. LAALP1 and LAALP2 are connected to B1 and B2 at
   their other ends. Suppose all these RBridges use port L1 to connect
   LAALP1 while they use port L2 to connect LAALP2. Assume all three L1
   enable VLAN 10~20 while all three L2 enable VLAN 15~25. So that there
   is an overlap of VLAN 15~20. The customer needs hosts in these
   overlap VLANs to communicate with each other. That is, hosts attached
   to B1 in VLAN 15~20 need to communicate with hosts attached to B2 in
   VLAN 15~20. Assume the remote plain RBridge RB4 also has hosts
   attached in VLAN 15~20 which need to communicate with those hosts in
   these VLANs attached to B1 and B2.

   Two major requirements:

   1. Frames ingressed from RB1-L1-VLAN 15~20 MUST NOT be egressed out
   of ports RB2-L1 and RB3-L1. At the same time,

   2. frames coming from B1-VLAN 15~20 should reach B2-VLAN 15~20.

   RB3 stores the information for split horizon on its ports L1 and L2.
   On L1: {<ingress_nickname_RB1, VLAN 10~20>, <ingress_nickname_RB2,
   VLAN 10~20>} and on L2: {<ingress_nickname_RB1, VLAN 15~25>,
   <ingress_nickname_RB2, VLAN 15~25>}.

   Five clarification scenarios:

   a. Suppose RB2/RB3 receives a TRILL multi-destination data packet
      with VLAN 15 and ingress nickname RB1. RB3 is the single exit
      point (selected out according to the hashing function of LAALP)



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      for this packet. On ports L1 and L2, RB3 has covered
      <ingress_nickname_RB1, VLAN 15>, so that RB3 will not egress this
      packet out of either L1 or L2. Here, _split horizon_ happens.

      Beforehand, RB1 obtains a native frame on port L1 from B1 in VLAN
      15. RB1 judges it should be forwarded as a multi-destination
      packet across the TRILL campus. Also, RB1 replicates this frame
      without TRILL encapsulation and sends it out of port L2, so that
      B2 will get this frame.

   b. Suppose RB2/RB3 receives a TRILL multi-destination data packet
      with VLAN 15 and ingress nickname RB4. RB3 is the single exit
      point. On ports L1 and L2, since RB3 has not stored any tuple with
      ingress_ nickname_RB4, RB3 will decapsulate the packet and egress
      it out of both ports L1 and L2. So both B1 and B2 will receive the
      frame.

   c. Suppose there is a plain LAN link port L3 on RB1, RB2 and RB3,
      connecting to B10, B20 and B30 respectively. These L3 ports happen
      to be configured with VLAN 15. On port L3, RB2 and RB3 stores no
      information of split horizon for AAE (since this port has not been
      configured to be in any LAALP). They will egress the packet
      ingressed from RB1-L1 in VLAN 15.

   d. If a packet is ingressed from RB1-L1 or RB1-L2 with VLAN 15, port
      RB1-L3 will not egress packets with ingress-nickname-RB1. RB1
      needs to replicate this frame without encapsulation and sends it
      out of port L3. This kind of 'bounce' behavior for multi-
      destination frames is just as specified in paragraph 2 of Section
      4.6.1.2 of [RFC6325].

   e. If a packet is ingressed from RB1-L3, since RB1-L1 and RB1-L2
      cannot egress packets with VLAN 15 and ingress-nickname-RB1, RB1
      needs to replicate this frame without encapsulation and sends it
      out of port L1 and L2. (Also see paragraph 2 of Section 4.6.1.2 of
      [RFC6325].)















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Author's Addresses


   Mingui Zhang
   Huawei Technologies
   No.156 Beiqing Rd. Haidian District,
   Beijing 100095 P.R. China

   EMail: zhangmingui@huawei.com


   Radia Perlman
   EMC
   2010 256th Avenue NE, #200
   Bellevue, WA 98007 USA

   EMail: radia@alum.mit.edu


   Hongjun Zhai
   Jinling Institute of Technology
   99 Hongjing Avenue, Jiangning District
   Nanjing, Jiangsu 211169  China

   EMail: honjun.zhai@tom.com


   Muhammad Durrani
   Brocade
   130 Holger Way
   San Jose, CA 95134

   EMail: mdurrani@brocade.com


   Sujay Gupta
   IP Infusion,
   RMZ Centennial
   Mahadevapura Post
   Bangalore - 560048
   India

   EMail: sujay.gupta@ipinfusion.com








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