CCAMP Working Group                                       Haomian Zheng
Internet Draft                                             Xianlong Luo
Category: Informational                                       Zheyu Fan
                                                                 Yi Lin
                                                    Huawei Technologies
Expires: April 30, 2018                                October 30, 2017


     Interworking of GMPLS Control and Centralized Controller System


              draft-zheng-ccamp-gmpls-controller-inter-work-00


Abstract

   Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control allows
   each network element (NE) to perform resource discovery, routing and
   signaling in a distributed manner. On the other hand, with the
   development of software-defined transport networking technology,
   central controllers are introduced to transport networks to control
   a set of NEs.

   In transport networks, the GMPLS control has many mature mechanisms
   such as RSVP-TE, OSPF-TE, and LMP, so that GMPLS can be applied for
   the NE-level control in the centralized controller systems.

   This document describes how GMPLS control interworks with
   centralized controller systems (e.g. ACTN) in transport network.

Status of this Memo

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   the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 30, 2018.

Copyright Notice

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   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   publication of this document. Please review these documents
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   Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without
   warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.



Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].



Table of Contents

   1. Introduction ................................................ 3
   2. Overview .................................................... 3
   2.1. Overview of GMPLS Control Plane ........................... 3
   2.2. Overview of Centralized Controller System ................. 4
   2.3. GMPLS Control Interwork with Centralized Controller System  4
   3. Link Management Protocol .................................... 5
   4. Routing Options ............................................. 6
      4.1. OSPF-TE ................................................ 6
      4.2. ISIS-TE ................................................ 6
   5. Path Computation ............................................ 6
      5.1. Constraint-based Path Computing in GMPLS Control ....... 6
      5.2. Path Computation Element (PCE) ......................... 7
   6. Signaling Options ........................................... 7
      6.1. RSVP-TE ................................................ 8
      6.2. CR-LDP ................................................. 8
   7. Recovery .................................................... 8
   8. Network Management .......................................... 8
   9. IANA Considerations ......................................... 8


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   10. References ................................................. 9
      10.1. Normative References .................................. 9
      10.2. Informative References ............................... 11
   11. Authors' Addresses ........................................ 11



1. Introduction

   Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) [RFC3945] extends
   MPLS to support different classes of interfaces and switching
   capabilities such as Time-Division Multiplex Capable (TDM), Lambda
   Switch Capable (LSC), and Fiber-Switch Capable (FSC). Each network
   element (NE) running a control plane collects network information
   from other NEs and provisions services through signaling in a
   distributed manner.

   On the other hand, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies
   have been introduced to control the transport network in a
   centralized manner. Central controllers, which can locate outside of
   the network, can collect network information from each node and
   provision services to corresponding nodes. One of the examples is
   the Abstraction and Control of Traffic Engineered Networks (ACTN)
   [I-D.ietf-teas-actn-framework], which defines a hierarchical
   architecture with PNC, MDSC and CNC as central controllers for
   different network abstraction levels.

   In such centralized controller systems, GMPLS can be applied for the
   NE-level control. Introducing GMPLS in centralized controller system
   can reuse the mature mechanisms defined for GMPLS and be practical
   for legacy transport networks. This document describes how GMPLS
   control interworks with centralized controller system in transport
   network.

2. Overview

   In this section, overviews of GMPLS control plane and centralized
   controller system are discussed as well as the cooperation between
   GMPLS control plane and centralized controller system.

2.1. Overview of GMPLS Control Plane

   GMPLS separates the control plane and the data plane to support
   time-division, wavelength, and spatial switching, which are
   significant in transport networks. For the NE level control in
   GMPLS, each node has its controller to perform service provisioning,


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   protection, and restoration. At the same time, the controller can
   negotiate available link resources with controllers in adjacent
   nodes, and it can also collect node and link resources in the
   network to construct the network topology and compute routing paths
   for serving service requests.

   Several protocols have been designed for GMPLS control [RFC3945]
   including link management [RFC4204], signaling [RFC3471], and
   routing [RFC4202] protocols. The controllers applying these
   protocols communicate with each other to exchange resource
   information and establish LSP. In this way, controllers in different
   nodes in the network have the same network topology and provision
   services by their local policies.

2.2. Overview of Centralized Controller System

   With the development of SDN technologies, centralized controller
   system has been introduced to transport networks such as ACTN. In
   centralized controller system, a controller is aware of the network
   topology and is responsible for provisioning incoming service
   requests. In ACTN, multiple abstraction levels are designed and
   controllers at different levels implement different functions. This
   kind of abstraction enables multi-vendor, multi-domain, and multi-
   technology control.

   For example in ACTN, an MDSC coordinates several PNCs controlling
   different domains. Each PNC reports its topology, which can be
   abstracted, to the MDSC, so that the MDSC learns the picture of
   multiple domains. When a multi-domain service arrives at the MDSC,
   the MDSC first computes an end-to-end routing path. Then the MDSC
   splits this path to multiple segment according to domain boundaries
   and allocate each segment to corresponding PNC for detailed path
   computation and LSP segment setup. After each PNC reporting the
   establishment of corresponding LSP segment, this multi-domain
   service is accommodated.

2.3. GMPLS Control Interwork with Centralized Controller System

   Centralized controller system as ACTN provides the architecture and
   communication between central controllers of different abstraction
   levels to coordinate multiple domains. Within each domain, GMPLS
   control can be applied to each NE. The bottom-level central
   controller like PNC can act as a NE to collect network information
   and initiate LSP. Following figure shows an example of GMPLS
   interworking with ACTN.




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                        +----------+
                        |   MDSC   |
                        +----------+
                          ^      ^
                          |      |
                +---------+      +---------+
                |  RESTConf / YANG models  |
                V                          V
           +---------+                +---------+
           |   PNC   |                |   PNC   |
           +---------+                +---------+
              ^   ^                      ^   ^
              |   |                      |   |
       OSPF-TE|   |PCEP           OSPF-TE|   |PCEP
              |   |                      |   |
              |   V                      |   V
         .-------------.   Inter-   .-------------.
        /               \  domain  /               \
       |       LMP       |  link  |       LMP       |
      |      OSPF-TE     ==========     OSPF-TE      |
       |     RSVP-TE     |        |     RSVP-TE     |
        \               /          \               /
          `------------`             `------------`
           GMPLS domain               GMPLS domain

       Figure 1: Example of GMPLS interworks with ACTN

   In Figure 1, each domain runs GMPLS control. The PNC listens LSAs
   flooded in the domain and learns the topology. For path computation
   in the domain with PNC implementing a PCE, NEs use PCEP to ask the
   PNC for a path and get replies. The MDSC communicates with PNCs
   using RESTConf or YANG models. As a PNC has learned its domain
   topology, it can report the topology to the MDSC. When a service
   arrives, the MDSC computes the path and coordinates PNCs to
   establish the corresponding LSP segment.

3. Link Management Protocol

   Link management protocol (LMP) [RFC4204] runs between a pair of
   nodes and is used to manage TE links. In addition to setup and
   maintain control channels, LMP can be used to verify the data link
   connectivity and correlate the link property. In this way, link



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   resources, which are fundamental resources in the network, are
   discovered by both ends of the link.

4. Routing Options

   In GMPLS control, link state information is flooded within the
   network as defined in [RFC4202]. Each node in the network can build
   the network topology according to the flooded link state
   information. Routing protocols such as OSPF-TE [RFC4203] and ISIS-TE
   [RFC5307] have been extended to support different interfaces in
   GMPLS.

   In centralized controller system, central controller can be placed
   at the GMPLS network and passively receive the information flooded
   in the network. In this way, the central controller can construct
   and update the network topology.

4.1. OSPF-TE

   OSPF-TE is introduced for TE networks in [RFC3630]. OSPF extensions
   have been defined in [RFC4203] to enable the capability of link
   state information for GMPLS network. Based on this work, OSPF
   protocol has been extended to support technology-specific routing.
   The routing protocol for OTN, WSON and optical flexi-grid network
   are defined in [RFC7138], [RFC7688] and [I-D.ietf-ccamp-flexible-
   grid-ospf-ext], respectively.

4.2. ISIS-TE

   ISIS-TE is introduced for TE networks in [RFC5305] and is extended
   to support GMPLS routing functions [RFC5307], and has been updated
   to [RFC7074] to support the latest GMPLS switching capability and
   Types fields.

5. Path Computation

   Once a controller learn the network topology, it can utilize the
   available resources to serve service requests by performing path
   computation. Path computation is one of the key objectives in
   various types of controllers. In the given architecture, it is
   possible for different components that have the capability to
   compute the path.

5.1. Constraint-based Path Computing in GMPLS Control

   In GMPLS control, a routing path is computed by the ingress node
   [RFC3473] and is based on the ingress node TED. Constraint-based


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   path computation is performed according to the local policy of the
   ingress node.

5.2. Path Computation Element (PCE)

   PCE has been introduced in [RFC4655] as a functional component that
   provides services to compute path in a network. In [RFC5440], the
   path computation is accomplished by using the Traffic Engineering
   Database (TED), which maintains the link resources in the network.
   The emergence of PCE efficiently improve the quality of network
   planning and offline computation, but there is a risk that the
   computed path may be infeasible if there is a diversity requirement,
   because stateless PCE has no knowledge about the former computed
   paths.

   To address this issue, stateful PCE has been proposed in [RFC8231].
   Besides the TED, an additional LSP Database (LSP-DB) is introduced
   to archive each LSP computed by the PCE. In this way, PCE can easily
   figure out the relationship between the computing path and former
   computed paths. In this approach, PCE provides computed paths to
   PCC, and then PCC decides which path is deployed and when to be
   established.

   In PCE Initiation [I-D.ietf-pce-pce-initiated-lsp], PCE is allowed
   to trigger the PCC to setup, maintenance, and teardown of the PCE-
   initiated LSP under the stateful PCE model. This would allow a
   dynamic network that is centrally controlled and deployed.

   In centralized controller system, the PCE can be implement in a
   central controller, and the central controller performs path
   computation according to its local policies. On the other hand, the
   PCE can also be placed outside of the central controller. In this
   case, the central controller acts as a PCC to request path
   computation to the PCE through PCEP.

6. Signaling Options

   Signaling mechanism is used to setup LSPs in GMPLS control. Messages
   are sent hop by hop between the ingress node and the egress node of
   the LSP to allocate labels. Once the labels are allocated along the
   path, the LSP setup is accomplished. Signaling protocols such as
   RSVP-TE [RFC3473] and CR-LDP [RFC3472] have been extended to support
   different interfaces in GMPLS.

   In centralized controller system, the central controller can manage
   LSPs by using PCE-initiation [I-D.ietf-pce-pce-initiated-lsp] to



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   notify the corresponding ingress node. The ingress node will
   maintain the LSP through GMPLS signaling.

6.1. RSVP-TE

   RSVP-TE is introduced in [RFC3209] and extended to support GMPLS
   signaling in [RFC3473]. Several label formats are defined for a
   generalized label request, a generalized label, suggested label and
   label sets. Based on [RFC3473], RSVP-TE has been extended to support
   technology-specific signaling. The RSVP-TE extensions for OTN, WSON,
   optical flexi-grid network are defined in [RFC7139], [RFC7689], and
   [RFC7792], respectively.

6.2. CR-LDP

   In order to support the label formats and signaling mechanism
   defined in [RFC3471], CR-LDP is extended in [RFC3472]. Several label
   formats are defined and bidirectional LSPs are supported.

7. Recovery

   The GMPLS recovery functions are described in [RFC4426]. Two models,
   span protection and end-to-end protection and restoration, are
   discussed with different protection schemes and message exchange
   requirements. Related RSVP-TE extensions to support end-to-end
   recovery is described in [RFC4872]. The extensions in [RFC4872]
   include protection, restoration, preemption, and rerouting
   mechanisms for an end-to-end LSP.

   Besides end-to-end recovery, a GMPLS segment recovery mechanism is
   defined in [RFC4873]. By introducing secondary record route objects,
   LSP segment can be switched to another path like fast rereoute
   [RFC4090].

8. Network Management

   TBD.

9. Security Considerations

   TBD.

10. IANA Considerations

   This document requires no IANA actions.




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11. References

11.1. Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3209]  Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V.,
             and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
             Tunnels", RFC 3209, December 2001.

   [RFC3471]  Berger, L., Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
             Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description", RFC
             3471, January 2003.

   [RFC3472]  Ashwood-Smith, P., Ed. and L. Berger, Ed., "Generalized
             Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling
             Constraint-based Routed Label Distribution Protocol (CR-
             LDP) Extensions", RFC 3472, January 2003.

   [RFC3473]  Berger, L., Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
             Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation Protocol-
             Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions", RFC 3473,
             January 2003.

   [RFC3630]  Katz, D., Kompella, K., and D. Yeung, "Traffic
             Engineering (TE) Extensions to OSPF Version 2", RFC 3630,
             September 2003.

   [RFC3945]  Mannie, E., Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
             Switching (GMPLS) Architecture", RFC 3945, October 2004.

   [RFC4090]  Pan, P., Ed., Swallow, G., Ed., and A. Atlas, Ed., "Fast
             Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels", RFC 4090,
             May 2005.

   [RFC4202]  Kompella, K., Ed. and Y. Rekhter, Ed., "Routing
             Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
             Switching (GMPLS)", RFC 4202, October 2005.

   [RFC4203]  Kompella, K., Ed. and Y. Rekhter, Ed., "OSPF Extensions
             in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
             (GMPLS)", RFC 4203, October 2005.

   [RFC4204]  Lang, J., Ed., "Link Management Protocol (LMP)", RFC
             4204, October 2005.



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   [RFC4426]  Lang, J., Ed., Rajagopalan, B., Ed., and D.
             Papadimitriou, Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
             witching (GMPLS) Recovery Functional Specification", RFC
             4426, March 2006.

   [RFC4655]  Farrel, A., Vasseur, J., and J. Ash, "A Path Computation
             Element (PCE)-Based Architecture", RFC 4655, August 2006.

   [RFC4872]  Lang, J., Ed., Rekhter, Y., Ed., and D. Papadimitriou,
             Ed., "RSVP-TE Extensions in Support of End-to-End
             Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)
             Recovery", RFC 4872, May 2007.

   [RFC4873]  Berger, L., Bryskin, I., Papadimitriou, D., and A.
             Farrel, "GMPLS Segment Recovery", RFC 4873, May 2007.

   [RFC5305]  Li, T. and H. Smit, "IS-IS Extensions for Traffic
             Engineering", RFC 5305, October 2008.

   [RFC5307]  Kompella, K., Ed. and Y. Rekhter, Ed., "IS-IS Extensions
             in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
             (GMPLS)", RFC 5307, October 2008.

   [RFC5440]  Vasseur, JP., Ed. and JL. Le Roux, Ed., "Path Computation
             Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP)", RFC 5440,
             March 2009.

   [RFC7074]  Berger, L. and J. Meuric, "Revised Definition of the
             GMPLS Switching Capability and Type Fields", RFC 7074,
             November 2013.

   [RFC7138]  Ceccarelli, D., Ed., Zhang, F., Belotti, S., Rao, R., and
             J. Drake, "Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF for
             GMPLS Control of Evolving G.709 Optical Transport
             Networks", RFC 7138, March 2014.

   [RFC7139]  Zhang, F., Ed., Zhang, G., Belotti, S., Ceccarelli, D.,
             and K. Pithewan, "GMPLS Signaling Extensions for Control
             of Evolving G.709 Optical Transport Networks", RFC 7139,
             March 2014.

   [RFC7688]  Lee, Y., Ed. and G. Bernstein, Ed., "GMPLS OSPF
             Enhancement for Signal and Network Element Compatibility
             for Wavelength Switched Optical Networks", RFC 7688,
             November 2015.




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   [RFC7689]  Bernstein, G., Ed., Xu, S., Lee, Y., Ed., Martinelli, G.,
             and H. Harai, "Signaling Extensions for Wavelength
             Switched Optical Networks", RFC 7689, November 2015.

   [RFC7792]  Zhang, F., Zhang, X., Farrel, A., Gonzalez de Dios, O.,
             and D. Ceccarelli, "RSVP-TE Signaling Extensions in
             Support of Flexi-Grid Dense Wavelength Division
             Multiplexing (DWDM) Networks", RFC 7792, March 2016.

   [RFC8231]  Crabbe, E., Minei, I., Medved, J., and R. Varga, "Path
             Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP)
             Extensions for Stateful PCE", RFC 8231, September 2017.

   [I-D.ietf-ccamp-flexible-grid-ospf-ext]  Zhang, X., Zheng, H.,
             Casellas, R., Dios, O., and D. Ceccarelli, "GMPLS OSPF-TE
             Extensions in support of Flexi-grid DWDM networks", draft-
             ietf-ccamp-flexible-grid-ospf-ext-09 (work in progress),
             February 2017.

   [I-D.ietf-pce-pce-initiated-lsp]  Crabbe, E., Minei, I., Sivabalan,
             S., and R. Varga, "PCEP Extensions for PCE-initiated LSP
             Setup in a Stateful PCE Model", draft-ietf-pce-pce-
             initiated-lsp-11 (work in progress), October 2017.

   [I-D.ietf-teas-actn-framework]  Ceccarelli, D. and Y. Lee,
             "Framework for Abstraction and Control of Traffic
             Engineered Networks", draft-ietf-teas-actn-framework-11
             (work in progress), October 2017.



11.2. Informative References



12. Authors' Addresses

   Haomian Zheng
   Huawei Technologies
   F3 R&D Center, Huawei Industrial Base,
   Bantian, Longgang District,
   Shenzhen 518129 P.R.China
   Email: zhenghaomian@huawei.com

   Xianlong Luo
   Huawei Technologies



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   F3 R&D Center, Huawei Industrial Base,
   Bantian, Longgang District,
   Shenzhen 518129 P.R.China
   Email: luoxianlong@huawei.com

   Zheyu Fan
   Huawei Technologies
   F3 R&D Center, Huawei Industrial Base,
   Bantian, Longgang District,
   Shenzhen 518129 P.R.China
   Email: fanzheyu2@huawei.com

   Yi Lin
   Huawei Technologies
   F3 R&D Center, Huawei Industrial Base,
   Bantian, Longgang District,
   Shenzhen 518129 P.R.China
   Email: yi.lin@huawei.com






























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