BESS Workgroup                                           A. Sajassi, Ed.
INTERNET-DRAFT                                                  S. Salam
Intended Status: Standards Track                               S. Thoria
                                                                   Cisco
                                                                J. Drake
                                                                 Juniper
                                                              J. Rabadan
                                                                   Nokia

Expires: September 4, 2019                                 March 4, 2019


                Integrated Routing and Bridging in EVPN
            draft-ietf-bess-evpn-inter-subnet-forwarding-08


Abstract

   EVPN provides an extensible and flexible multi-homing VPN solution
   over an MPLS/IP network for intra-subnet connectivity among Tenant
   Systems and End Devices that can be physical or virtual. However,
   there are scenarios for which there is a need for a dynamic and
   efficient inter-subnet connectivity among these Tenant Systems and
   End Devices while maintaining the multi-homing capabilities of EVPN.
   This document describes an Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB)
   solution based on EVPN to address such requirements.


Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as
   Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html



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Copyright and License Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors. All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document. Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.



Table of Contents

   1  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   2 EVPN PE Model for IRB Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   3  Symmetric and Asymmetric IRB  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     3.1 IRB Interface and its MAC & IP addresses . . . . . . . . . . 11
     3.2 Symmetric IRB Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       3.2.1 Control Plane - Advertising PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       3.2.2 Control Plane - Receiving PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       3.2.3 Data Plane - Ingress PE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
       3.2.4 Data Plane - Egress PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     3.3 Asymmetric IRB Procedures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
       3.3.1 Control Plane - Advertising PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
       3.3.2 Control Plane - Receiving PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       3.3.3 Data Plane - Ingress PE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       3.3.4 Data Plane - Egress PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
   4 Mobility Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     4.1 Initiating an ARP Request upon a Move  . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     4.2 Sending Data Traffic without an ARP Request  . . . . . . . . 20
     4.3 Silent Host  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   5 BGP Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     5.1 Router's MAC Extended Community  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   6 Operational Models for Symmetric Inter-Subnet Forwarding . . . . 23
     6.1 IRB forwarding on NVEs for Tenant Systems  . . . . . . . . . 23
       6.1.1 Control Plane Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
       6.1.2 Data Plane Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
     6.2 IRB forwarding on NVEs for Subnets behind Tenant Systems . . 27
       6.2.1 Control Plane Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
       6.2.2 Data Plane Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
   7  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
   8  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31



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   9  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
   10  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
     10.1  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
     10.2  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33


Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   AC: Attachment Circuit.

   ARP: Address Resolution Protocol.

   BD: Broadcast Domain. As per [RFC7432], an EVI consists of a single
   or multiple BDs. In case of VLAN-bundle and VLAN-based service models
   (see [RFC7432]), a BD is equivalent to an EVI. In case of VLAN-aware
   bundle service model, an EVI contains multiple BDs. Also, in this
   document, BD and subnet are equivalent terms.

   BD Route Target: refers to the Broadcast Domain assigned Route Target
   [RFC4364]. In case of VLAN-aware bundle service model, all the BD
   instances in the MAC-VRF share the same Route Target.

   BT: Bridge Table. The instantiation of a BD in a MAC-VRF, as per
   [RFC7432].

   DGW: Data Center Gateway.

   Ethernet A-D route: Ethernet Auto-Discovery (A-D) route, as per
   [RFC7432].

   Ethernet NVO tunnel: refers to Network Virtualization Overlay tunnels
   with Ethernet payload. Examples of this type of tunnels are VXLAN or
   GENEVE.

   EVI: EVPN Instance spanning the NVE/PE devices that are participating
   on that EVPN, as per [RFC7432].

   EVPN: Ethernet Virtual Private Networks, as per [RFC7432].

   GRE: Generic Routing Encapsulation.




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   GW IP: Gateway IP Address.

   IPL: IP Prefix Length.

   IP NVO tunnel: it refers to Network Virtualization Overlay tunnels
   with IP payload (no MAC header in the payload).

   IP-VRF: A VPN Routing and Forwarding table for IP routes on an
   NVE/PE. The IP routes could be populated by EVPN and IP-VPN address
   families. An IP-VRF is also an instantiation of a layer 3 VPN in an
   NVE/PE.

   IRB: Integrated Routing and Bridging interface. It connects an IP-VRF
   to a BD (or subnet).

   MAC-VRF: A Virtual Routing and Forwarding table for Media Access
   Control (MAC) addresses on an NVE/PE, as per [RFC7432]. A MAC-VRF is
   also an instantiation of an EVI in an NVE/PE.

   ML: MAC address length.

   ND: Neighbor Discovery Protocol.

   NVE: Network Virtualization Edge.

   GENEVE: Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation, [GENEVE].

   NVO: Network Virtualization Overlays.

   RT-2: EVPN route type 2, i.e., MAC/IP advertisement route, as defined
   in [RFC7432].

   RT-5: EVPN route type 5, i.e., IP Prefix route. As defined in Section
   3 of [EVPN-PREFIX].

   SBD: Supplementary Broadcast Domain. A BD that does not have any ACs,
   only IRB interfaces, and it is used to provide connectivity among all
   the IP-VRFs of the tenant. The SBD is only required in IP-VRF- to-IP-
   VRF use-cases (see Section 4.4.).

   SN: Subnet.

   TS: Tenant System.

   VA: Virtual Appliance.

   VNI: Virtual Network Identifier. As in [RFC8365], the term is used as
   a representation of a 24-bit NVO instance identifier, with the



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   understanding that VNI will refer to a VXLAN Network Identifier in
   VXLAN, or Virtual Network Identifier in GENEVE, etc. unless it is
   stated otherwise.

   VTEP: VXLAN Termination End Point, as in [RFC7348].

   VXLAN: Virtual Extensible LAN, as in [RFC7348].

   This document also assumes familiarity with the terminology of
   [RFC7432], [RFC8365] and [RFC7365].









































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1  Introduction

   EVPN provides an extensible and flexible multi-homing VPN solution
   over an MPLS/IP network for intra-subnet connectivity among Tenant
   Systems (TSes) and End Devices that can be physical or virtual; where
   an IP subnet is represented by an EVI for a VLAN-based service or by
   an <EVI, VLAN> for a VLAN-aware bundle service. However, there are
   scenarios for which there is a need for a dynamic and efficient
   inter-subnet connectivity among these Tenant Systems and End Devices
   while maintaining the multi-homing capabilities of EVPN. This
   document describes an Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB) solution
   based on EVPN to address such requirements.

   The inter-subnet communication is traditionally achieved at
   centralized L3 Gateway (L3GW) devices where all the inter-subnet
   forwarding are performed and all the inter-subnet communication
   policies are enforced. When two TSes belonging to two different
   subnets connected to the same PE node, wanted to communicate with
   each other, their traffic needed to be back hauled from the PE node
   all the way to the centralized gateway node where inter-subnet
   switching is performed and then back to the PE node. For today's
   large multi-tenant data center, this scheme is very inefficient and
   sometimes impractical.

   In order to overcome the drawback of centralized L3GW approach, IRB
   functionality is needed on the PE nodes (also referred to as EVPN
   NVEs) attached to TSes in order to avoid inefficient forwarding of
   tenant traffic (i.e., avoid back-hauling and hair-pinning). When a PE
   with IRB capability receives tenant traffic over a single Attachment
   Circuit (AC), it can not only locally bridged the tenant intra-subnet
   traffic but also can locally route the tenant inter-subnet traffic on
   a packet by packet basis thus meeting the requirements for both intra
   and inter-subnet forwarding and avoiding non-optimum traffic
   forwarding associate with centralized L3GW approach.

   Some TSes run non-IP protocols in conjunction with their IP traffic.
   Therefore, it is important to handle both kinds of traffic optimally
   - e.g., to bridge non-IP and intra-subnet traffic and to route inter-
   subnet IP traffic. Therefore, the solution needs to meet the
   following requirements:

   R1: The solution must allow for both inter-subnet and intra-subnet
   traffic belonging to the same tenant to be locally routed and bridged
   respectively. The solution must provide IP routing for inter-subnet
   traffic and Ethernet Bridging for intra-subnet traffic.

   R2: The solution must support bridging for non-IP traffic.




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   R3: The solution must allow inter-subnet switching to be disabled on
   a per VLAN basis on PEs where the traffic needs to be back hauled to
   another node (i.e., for performing FW or DPI functionality).


2 EVPN PE Model for IRB Operation

   Since this document discusses IRB operation in relationship to EVPN
   MAC-VRF, IP-VRF, EVI, Bridge Domain (BD), Bridge Table (BT), and IRB
   interfaces, it is important to understand the relationship among
   these components. Therefore, the following PE model is illustrated
   below to a) describe these components and b) illustrate the
   relationship among them.



      +-------------------------------------------------------------+
      |                                                             |
      |              +------------------+                    IRB PE |
      | Attachment   | +------------------+                         |
      | Circuit(AC1) | |  +----------+    |                MPLS/NVO tnl
    ----------------------*Bridge    |    |                    +-----
      |              | |  |Table(BT1)|    |    +-----------+  / \    \
      |              | |  |          *---------*           |<--> |Eth|
      |              | |  |  VLAN x  |    |IRB1|           |  \ /    /
      |              | |  +----------+    |    |           |   +-----
      |              | |     ...          |    |  IP-VRF1  |        |
      |              | |  +----------+    |    |  RD2/RT2  |MPLS/NVO tnl
      |              | |  |Bridge    |    |    |           |   +-----
      |              | |  |Table(BT2)|    |IRB2|           |  / \    \
      |              | |  |          *---------*           |<--> |IP |
    ----------------------*  VLAN y  |    |    +-----------+  \ /    /
      |  AC2         | |  +----------+    |                    +-----
      |              | |    MAC-VRF1      |                         |
      |              +-+    RD1/RT1       |                         |
      |                +------------------+                         |
      |                                                             |
      |                                                             |
      +-------------------------------------------------------------+


                      Figure 1: EVPN IRB PE Model

   A tenant needing IRB services on a PE, requires an IP Virtual Routing
   and Forwarding table (IP-VRF) along with one or more MAC Virtual
   Routing and Forwarding tables (MAC-VRFs). An IP-VRF, as defined in
   [RFC4364], is the instantiation of an IPVPN instance in a PE. A MAC-
   VRF, as defined in [RFC7432], is the instantiation of an EVI (EVPN



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   Instance) in a PE. A MAC-VRF can consists of one or more Bridge
   Tables (BTs) where each BT corresponds to a VLAN (broadcast domain -
   BD). If service interfaces for an EVPN PE are configured in VLAN-
   Based mode (i.e., section 6.1 of [RFC7432]), then there is only a
   single BT per MAC-VRF (per EVI) - i.e., there is only one tenant VLAN
   per EVI. However, if service interfaces for an EVPN PE are configured
   in VLAN-Aware Bundle mode (i.e., section 6.3 of [RFC7432]), then
   there are several BTs per MAC-VRF (per EVI) - i.e., there are several
   tenant VLANs per EVI.

   Each BT is connected to a IP-VRF via a L3 interface called IRB
   interface. Since a single tenant subnet is typically (and in this
   document) represented by a VLAN (and thus supported by a single BT),
   for a given tenant there are as many BTs as there are subnets and
   thus there are also as many IRB interfaces between the tenant IP-VRF
   and the associated BTs as shown in the PE model above.

   IP-VRF is identified by its corresponding route target and route
   distinguisher and MAC-VRF is also identified by its corresponding
   route target and route distinguisher. If operating in EVPN VLAN-Based
   mode, then a receiving PE that receives an EVPN route with MAC-VRF
   route target can identify the corresponding BT; however, if operating
   in EVPN VLAN-Aware Bundle mode, then the receiving PE needs both the
   MAC-VRF route target and VLAN ID in order to identify the
   corresponding BT.

3  Symmetric and Asymmetric IRB

   This document defines and describes two types of IRB solutions -
   namely symmetric and asymmetric IRB. In symmetric IRB as its name
   implies, the lookup operation is symmetric at both ingress and egress
   PEs - i.e., both ingress and egress PEs perform lookups on both MAC
   and IP addresses. The ingress PE performs a MAC lookup followed by an
   IP lookup and the egress PE performs a IP lookup followed by a MAC
   lookup as depicted in figure 2.
















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               Ingress PE                   Egress PE
         +-------------------+        +------------------+
         |                   |        |                  |
         |    +-> IP-VRF ----|---->---|-----> IP-VRF -+  |
         |    |              |        |               |  |
         |   BT1        BT2  |        |  BT3         BT2 |
         |    |              |        |               |  |
         |    ^              |        |               v  |
         |    |              |        |               |  |
         +-------------------+        +------------------+
              ^                                       |
              |                                       |
        TS1->-+                                       +->-TS2
                        Figure 2: Symmetric IRB

   In symmetric IRB as shown in figure-2, the inter-subnet forwarding
   between two PEs is done between their associated IP-VRFs. Therefore,
   the tunnel connecting these IP-VRFs can be either IP-only tunnel (in
   case of MPLS or GENEVE encapsulation) or Ethernet NVO tunnel (in case
   of VxLAN encapsulation). If it is an Ethernet NVO tunnel, the TS's IP
   packet is encapsulated in an Ethernet header consisting of ingress
   and egress PEs MAC addresses - i.e., there is no need for ingress PE
   to use the destination TS's MAC address. Therefore, in symmetric IRB,
   there is no need for the ingress PE to maintain ARP entries for
   destination TS IP and MAC addresses association in its ARP table.
   Each PE participating in symmetric IRB only maintains ARP entries for
   locally connected hosts and maintains MAC-VRFs/BTs for only locally
   configured subnets.

   In asymmetric IRB, the lookup operation is asymmetric and the ingress
   PE performs three lookups; whereas the egress PE performs a single
   lookup - i.e., the ingress PE performs a MAC lookup, followed by an
   IP lookup, followed by a MAC lookup again; whereas, the egress PE
   performs just a single MAC lookup as depicted in figure 3 below.

















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            Ingress PE                       Egress PE
         +-------------------+        +------------------+
         |                   |        |                  |
         |    +-> IP-VRF ->  |        |      IP-VRF      |
         |    |           |  |        |                  |
         |   BT1        BT2  |        |  BT3         BT2 |
         |    |           |  |        |              | | |
         |    |           +--|--->----|--------------+ | |
         |    |              |        |                v |
         +-------------------+        +----------------|-+
              ^                                        |
              |                                        |
        TS1->-+                                        +->-TS2
                        Figure 3: Asymmetric IRB

   In asymmetric IRB as shown in figure-3, the inter-subnet forwarding
   between two PEs is done between their associated MAC-VRFs/BTs.
   Therefore, the MPLS or NVO tunnel used for inter-subnet forwarding
   MUST be of type Ethernet. Since at the egress PE only MAC lookup is
   performed (e.g., no IP lookup), the TS's IP packets need to be
   encapsulated with the destination TS's MAC address. In order for
   ingress PE to perform such encapsulation, it needs to maintain TS's
   IP and MAC address association in its ARP table. Furthermore, it
   needs to maintain destination TS's MAC address in the corresponding
   BT even though it may not have any TS of the corresponding subnet
   locally attached. In other words, each PE participating in asymmetric
   IRB MUST maintain ARP entries for remote hosts (hosts connected to
   other PEs) as well as maintaining MAC-VRFs/BTs for subnets that may
   not be locally present on that PE.

   The following subsection defines the control and data planes
   procedures for symmetric and asymmetric IRB on ingress and egress
   PEs. The following figure is used in description of these procedures
   where it shows a single IP-VRF and a number of BTs on each PE for a
   given tenant. The IP-VRF of the tenant (i.e., IP-VRF1) is connected
   to each BT via its associated IRB interface. Each BT on a PE is
   associated with a unique VLAN (e.g., with a BD) where in turn is
   associated with a single MAC-VRF in case of VLAN-Based mode or a
   number of BTs can be associated with a single MAC-VRF in case of
   VLAN-Aware Bundle mode. Whether the service interface on a PE is
   VLAN-Based or VLAN-Aware Bundle mode does not impact the IRB
   operation and procedures. It only impacts the setting of Ethernet tag
   field in EVPN BGP routes as described in [RFC7432].








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                    PE 1         +---------+
              +-------------+    |         |
      TS1-----|         MACx|    |         |        PE2
    (IP1/M1)  |(BT1)        |    |         |   +-------------+
      TS5-----|      \      |    |  MPLS/  |   |MACy  (BT3)  |-----TS3
    (IP5/M5)  |Mx/IPx \     |    |  VxLAN/ |   |     /       | (IP3/M3)
              |    (IP-VRF1)|----|  NVGRE  |---|(IP-VRF1)    |
              |       /     |    |         |   |     \       |
      TS2-----|(BT2) /      |    |         |   |      (BT1)  |-----TS4
    (IP2/M2)  |             |    |         |   |             |  (IP4/M4)
              +-------------+    |         |   +-------------+
                                 |         |
                                 +---------+

                       Figure 4: IRB forwarding


3.1 IRB Interface and its MAC & IP addresses

   To support inter-subnet forwarding on a PE, the PE acts as an IP
   Default Gateway from the perspective of the attached Tenant Systems
   where default gateway MAC and IP addresses are configured on each IRB
   interface associated with its subnet and falls into one of the
   following two options:

   1. All the PEs for a given tenant subnet use the same anycast default
   gateway IP and MAC addresses . On each PE, this default gateway IP
   and MAC addresses correspond to the IRB interface connecting the BT
   associated with the tenant's VLAN to the corresponding tenant's IP-
   VRF.

   2. Each PE for a given tenant subnet uses the same anycast default
   gateway IP address but its own MAC address. These MAC addresses are
   aliased to the same anycast default gateway IP address through the
   use of the Default Gateway extended community as specified in
   [RFC7432], which is carried in the EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement routes.
   On each PE, this default gateway IP address along with its associated
   MAC addresses correspond to the IRB interface connecting the BT
   associated with the tenant's VLAN to the corresponding tenant's IP-
   VRF.

   It is worth noting that if the applications that are running on the
   TSes are employing or relying on any form of MAC security, then
   either the first model (i.e. using anycast MAC address) should be
   used to ensure that the applications receive traffic from the same
   IRB interface MAC address that they are sending to, or if the second
   model is used, then the IRB interface MAC address MUST be the one
   used in the initial ARP reply or ND Neighbor Advertisement (NA)  for



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   that TS.

   Although both of these options are equally applicable to both
   symmetric and asymmetric IRB, the option-1 is recommended because of
   the ease of anycast MAC address provisioning on not only the IRB
   interface associated with a given subnet across all the PEs
   corresponding to that VLAN but also on all IRB interfaces associated
   with all the tenant's subnets across all the PEs corresponding to all
   the VLANs for that tenant. Furthermore, it simplifies the operation
   as there is no need for Default Gateway extended community
   advertisement and its associated MAC aliasing procedure. Yet another
   advantage is that following host mobility, the host does not need to
   refresh the default GW ARP/ND entry.

   If option-1 is used, an implementation MAY choose to auto-derive the
   anycast MAC address. If auto-derivation is used, the anycast MAC MUST
   be auto-derived out of the following ranges (which are defined in
   [RFC5798]):

   - Anycast IPv4 IRB case: 00-00-5E-00-01-{VRID} (in hex, in Internet
   standard bit-order)

   - Anycast IPv6 IRB case: 00-00-5E-00-02-{VRID} (in hex, in Internet
   standard bit-order)

   Where the last octet is generated based on a configurable Virtual
   Router ID (VRID, range 1-255)). If not explicitly configured, the
   default value for the VRID octet is '01'. Auto-derivation of the
   anycast MAC can only be used if there is certainty that the auto-
   derived MAC does not collide with any customer MAC address.

   In addition to IP anycast addresses, IRB interfaces can be configured
   with non-anycast IP addresses for the purpose of OAM (such as
   traceroute/ping to these interfaces) for both symmetric and
   asymmetric IRB. These IP addresses need to be distributed as VPN
   routes when PEs operating in symmetric IRB mode. However, they don't
   need to be distributed if the PEs are operating in asymmetric IRB
   mode and the non-anycast IP addresses are configured along with
   individual MACs.

   Irrespective of using only the anycast address or both anycast and
   non-anycast addresses on the same IRB, when a TS sends an ARP request
   or ND Neighbor Solicitation (NS) to the PE that is attached to, the
   request is sent for the anycast IP address of the IRB interface
   associated with the TS's subnet and the reply will use anycast MAC
   address (in both Source MAC in the Ethernet header and Sender
   hardware address in the payload). For example, in figure 4, TS1 is
   configured with the anycast IPx address as its default gateway IP



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   address and thus when it sends an ARP request for IPx (anycast IP
   address of the IRB interface for BT1), the PE1 sends an ARP reply
   with the MACx which is the anycast MAC address of that IRB interface.
   Traffic routed from IP-VRF1 to TS1 SHOULD use the anycast MAC address
   as source MAC address.


3.2 Symmetric IRB Procedures

3.2.1 Control Plane - Advertising PE

   When a PE (e.g., PE1 in figure 4 above) learns MAC and IP address of
   a TS (via an ARP request), it adds the MAC address to the
   corresponding MAC-VRF/BT of that tenant's subnet and adds the IP
   address to the IP-VRF for that tenant. Furthermore, it adds this TS's
   MAC and IP address association to its ARP table. It then builds an
   EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route (type 2) as follows and advertises it
   to other PEs participating in that tenant's VPN.

   - The Length field of the BGP EVPN NLRI for an EVPN MAC/IP
   Advertisement route MUST be either 40 (if IPv4 address is carried) or
   52 (if IPv6 address is carried).

   - Route Distinguisher (RD), Ethernet Segment Identifier, Ethernet Tag
   ID, MAC Address Length, MAC Address, IP Address Length, IP Address,
   and MPLS Label1 fields MUST be set per [RFC7432] and [RFC8365].

   - The MPLS Label2 field is set to either an MPLS label or a VNI
   corresponding to the tenant's IP-VRF. In case of an MPLS label, this
   field is encoded as 3 octets, where the high-order 20 bits contain
   the label value.

   Just as in [RFC7432], the RD, Ethernet Tag ID, MAC Address Length,
   MAC Address, IP Address Length, and IP Address fields are part of
   the route key used by BGP to compare routes. The rest of the fields
   are not part of the route key.

   This route is advertised along with the following two extended
   communities:

        1) Tunnel Type Extended Community
        2) Router's MAC Extended Community

   For symmetric IRB mode, Router's MAC EC is needed to carry the PE's
   overlay MAC address (e.g., inner MAC address in NVO encapsulation)
   which is used for IP-VRF to IP-VRF communications with Ethernet NVO
   tunnel. If MPLS or IP-only NVO tunnel is used, then there is no need
   to send Router's MAC Extended Community along with this route.



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   This route MUST be advertised with two route targets - one
   corresponding to the MAC-VRF of the tenant's subnet and another
   corresponding to the tenant's IP-VRF.


3.2.2 Control Plane - Receiving PE

   When a PE (e.g., PE2 in figure 4 above) receives this EVPN MAC/IP
   Advertisement route advertisement, it performs the following:

   - Using MAC-VRF Route Target (and Ethernet Tag if different from
   zero), it identifies the corresponding MAC-VRF (and BT). If the MAC-
   VRF (and BT) exists (e.g., it is locally configured) then it imports
   the MAC address into it. Otherwise, it does not import the MAC
   address.

   - Using IP-VRF route target, it identifies the corresponding IP-VRF
   and imports the IP address into it.

   The inclusion of MPLS label2 field in this route signals to the
   receiving PE that this route is for symmetric IRB mode and MPLS
   label2 needs to be installed in forwarding path to identify the
   corresponding IP-VRF.

   If the receiving PE receives this route with both the MAC-VRF and IP-
   VRF route targets but the MAC/IP Advertisement route does not include
   MPLS label2 field and if the receiving PE supports asymmetric IRB
   mode, then the receiving PE installs the MAC address in the
   corresponding MAC-VRF and <IP, MAC> association in the ARP table for
   that tenant (identified by the corresponding IP-VRF route target).

   If the receiving PE receives this route with both the MAC-VRF and IP-
   VRF route targets but the MAC/IP Advertisement route does not include
   MPLS label2 field and if the receiving PE does not support either
   asymmetric or symmetric IRB modes, then if it has the corresponding
   MAC-VRF, it only imports the MAC address; otherwise, if it doesn't
   have the corresponding MAC-VRF, it MUST treat the route as withdraw
   [RFC7606] and log an error message.

   If the receiving PE receives this route with both the MAC-VRF and IP-
   VRF route targets and the MAC/IP Advertisement route includes MPLS
   label2 field but the receiving PE only supports asymmetric IRB mode,
   then the receiving PE MUST ignore MPLS label2 field and install the
   MAC address in the corresponding MAC-VRF and <IP, MAC> association in
   the ARP table for that tenant (identified by the corresponding IP-VRF
   route target).





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3.2.3 Data Plane - Ingress PE

   When an Ethernet frame is received by an ingress PE (e.g., PE1 in
   figure 4 above), the PE uses the AC ID (e.g., VLAN ID) to identify
   the associated MAC-VRF/BT and it performs a lookup on the destination
   MAC address. If the MAC address corresponds to its IRB Interface MAC
   address, the ingress PE deduces that the packet must be inter-subnet
   routed. Hence, the ingress PE performs an IP lookup in the associated
   IP-VRF table. The lookup identifies BGP next hop of egress PE along
   with the tunnel/encapsulation type and the associated MPLS/VNI
   values.

   If the tunnel type is that of MPLS or IP-only NVO tunnel, then TS's
   IP packet is sent over the tunnel without any Ethernet header.
   However, if the tunnel type is that of Ethernet NVO tunnel, then an
   Ethernet header needs to be added to the TS's IP packet. The source
   MAC address of this inner Ethernet header is set to the ingress PE's
   router MAC address and the destination MAC address of this inner
   Ethernet header is set to the egress PE's router MAC address. The
   MPLS VPN label or VNI fields are set accordingly and the packet is
   forwarded to the egress PE.

   In case of NVO tunnel encapsulation, the outer source and destination
   IP addresses are set to the ingress and egress PE BGP next-hop IP
   addresses respectively.


3.2.4 Data Plane - Egress PE

   When the tenant's MPLS or NVO encapsulated packet is received over an
   MPLS or NVO tunnel by the egress PE, the egress PE removes NVO tunnel
   encapsulation and uses the VPN MPLS label (for MPLS encapsulation) or
   VNI (for NVO encapsulation) to identify the IP-VRF in which IP lookup
   needs to be performed. If the VPN MPLS label or VNI identifies a MAC-
   VRF instead of an IP-VRF, then the procedures in section 3.3.4 for
   asymmetric IRB are executed.

   The lookup in the IP-VRF identifies a local adjacency to the IRB
   interface associated with the egress subnet's MAC-VRF/BT.

   The egress PE gets the destination TS's MAC address for that TS's IP
   address from its ARP table, it encapsulates the packet with that
   destination MAC address and a source MAC address corresponding to
   that IRB interface and sends the packet to its destination subnet
   MAC-VRF/BT.

   The destination MAC address lookup in the MAC-VRF/BT results in local
   adjacency (e.g., local interface) over which the Ethernet frame is



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   sent on.


3.3 Asymmetric IRB Procedures

3.3.1 Control Plane - Advertising PE

   When a PE (e.g., PE1 in figure 4 above) learns MAC and IP address of
   a TS (e.g., via an ARP request), it populates its MAC-VRF/BT, IP-VRF,
   and ARP table just as in the case for symmetric IRB. It then builds
   an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route (type 2) as follow and advertises
   it to other PEs participating in that tenant's VPN.

   - The Length field of the BGP EVPN NLRI for an EVPN MAC/IP
   Advertisement route MUST be either 37 (if IPv4 address is carried) or
   49 (if IPv6 address is carried).

   - Route Distinguisher (RD), Ethernet Segment Identifier, Ethernet Tag
   ID, MAC Address Length, MAC Address, IP Address Length, IP Address,
   and MPLS Label1 fields MUST be set per [RFC7432] and [RFC8365].

   - The MPLS Label2 field MUST NOT be included in this route.

   Just as in [RFC7432], the RD, Ethernet Tag ID, MAC Address Length,
   MAC Address, IP Address Length, and IP Address fields are part of
   the route key used by BGP to compare routes. The rest of the fields
   are not part of the route key.

   This route is advertised along with the following extended
   community:

        1) Tunnel Type Extended Community

   For asymmetric IRB mode, Router's MAC EC is not needed because
   forwarding is performed using destination TS's MAC address which is
   carried in this EVPN route type-2 advertisement.

   This route MUST always be advertised with the MAC-VRF route target.
   It MAY also be advertised with a second route target corresponding to
   the IP-VRF. If only MAC-VRF route target is used, then the receiving
   PE uses the MAC-VRF route target to identify the corresponding IP-VRF
   - i.e., many MAC-VRF route targets map to the same IP-VRF for a given
   tenant. Since in this asymmetric IRB mode, each PE is configured with
   all VLANs of a tenant, the MAC-VRF route target has the same
   reachability as the IP-VRF route target and that is why the use of
   IP-VRF route target is optional for this IRB mode.





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3.3.2 Control Plane - Receiving PE

   When a PE (e.g., PE2 in figure 4 above) receives this EVPN MAC/IP
   Advertisement route advertisement, it performs the following:

   - Using MAC-VRF route target, it identifies the corresponding MAC-VRF
   and imports the MAC address into it. For asymmetric IRB mode, it is
   assumed that all PEs participating in a tenant's VPN are configured
   with all subnets (i.e., all VLANs) and corresponding MAC-VRFs/BTs
   even if there are no locally attached TSes for some of these subnets.
   The reason for this is because ingress PE needs to do forwarding
   based on destination TS's MAC address and does proper NVO tunnel
   encapsulation which are property of a lookup in MAC-VRF/BT. An
   implementation may choose to consolidate the lookup at the ingress
   PE's IP-VRF with the lookup at the ingress PE's destination subnet
   MAC-VRF. Consideration for such consolidation of lookups is an
   implementation exercise and thus its specification is outside the
   scope of this document.

   - Using MAC-VRF route target, it identifies the corresponding ARP
   table for the tenant and it adds an entry to the ARP table for the
   TS's MAC and IP address association. It should be noted that the
   tenant's ARP table at the receiving PE is identified by all the MAC-
   VRF route targets for that tenant. If IP-VRF route target is included
   with this route advertisement, then it MAY be used for the
   identification of tenant's ARP table.

   If the receiving PE receives the MAC/IP Advertisement route with MPLS
   label2 field but the receiving PE only supports asymmetric IRB mode,
   then the receiving PE MUST ignore MPLS label2 field and install the
   MAC address in the corresponding MAC-VRF and <IP, MAC> association in
   the ARP table for that tenant (identified by either MAC-VRF or IP-VRF
   route target).

   If the receiving PE receives the MAC/IP Advertisement route with MPLS
   label2 field and it can support symmetric IRB mode, then it should
   use the MAC-VRF route target to identify its corresponding MAC-VRF
   table and import the MAC address. It should use the IP-VRF route
   target to identify the corresponding IP-VRF table and import the IP
   address. It MUST NOT import <IP, MAC> association into its ARP
   table.


3.3.3 Data Plane - Ingress PE

   When an Ethernet frame is received by an ingress PE (e.g., PE1 in
   figure 4 above), the PE uses the AC ID (e.g., VLAN ID) to identify
   the associated MAC-VRF/BT and it performs a lookup on the destination



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   MAC address. If the MAC address corresponds to its IRB Interface MAC
   address, the ingress PE deduces that the packet must be inter-subnet
   routed. Hence, the ingress PE performs an IP lookup in the associated
   IP-VRF table. The lookup identifies a local adjacency to the IRB
   interface associated with the egress subnet's MAC-VRF/BT.

   The ingress PE gets the destination TS's MAC address for that TS's IP
   address from its ARP table, it encapsulates the packet with that
   destination MAC address and a source MAC address corresponding to
   that IRB interface and sends the packet to its destination subnet
   MAC-VRF/BT.

   The destination MAC address lookup in the MAC-VRF/BT results in BGP
   next hop address of egress PE along with VPN MPLS label or VNI. The
   ingress PE encapsulates the packet using Ethernet NVO tunnel of the
   choice (e.g., VxLAN or GENEVE) and sends the packet to the egress PE.
   Since the packet forwarding is between ingress PE's MAC-VRF/BT and
   egress PE's MAC-VRF/BT, the packet encapsulation procedures follows
   that of [RFC7432] for MPLS and [RFC8365] for VxLAN encapsulations.


3.3.4 Data Plane - Egress PE

   When a tenant's Ethernet frame is received over an NVO tunnel by the
   egress PE, the egress PE removes NVO tunnel encapsulation and uses
   the VPN MPLS label (for MPLS encapsulation) or VNI (for NVO
   encapsulation) to identify the MAC-VRF/BT in which MAC lookup needs
   to be performed.

   The MAC lookup results in local adjacency (e.g., local interface)
   over which the packet needs to get sent.

   Note that the forwarding behavior on the egress PE is the same as
   EVPN intra-subnet forwarding described in [RFC7432] for MPLS and
   [RFC8365] for NVO networks. In other words, all the packet processing
   associated with the inter-subnet forwarding semantics is confined to
   the ingress PE for asymmetric IRB mode.

   It should also be noted that [RFC7432] provides different level of
   granularity for the EVPN label.  Besides identifying bridge domain
   table, it can be used to identify the egress interface or a
   destination MAC address on that interface. If EVPN label is used for
   egress interface or individual MAC address identification, then no
   MAC lookup is needed in the egress PE for MPLS encapsulation and the
   packet can be directly forwarded to the egress interface just based
   on EVPN label lookup.

4 Mobility Procedure



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   When a TS move from one NVE (aka source NVE) to another NVE (aka
   target NVE), it is important that the MAC mobility procedures are
   properly executed and the corresponding MAC-VRF and IP-VRF tables on
   all participating NVEs are updated. [RFC7432] describes the MAC
   mobility procedures for L2-only services for both single-homed TS and
   multi-homed TS. This section describes the incremental procedures and
   BGP Extended Communities needed to handle the MAC mobility for IRB.
   In order to place the emphasis on the differences between L2-only and
   IRB use cases, the incremental procedure is described for single-
   homed TS with the expectation that the reader can easily extrapolate
   multi-homed TS based on the procedures described in section 15 of
   [RFC7432]. This section describes mobility procedures for both
   symmetric and asymmetric IRB. Although the language used in this
   section is for IPv4 ARP, it equally applies to IPv6 ND.

   When a TS moves from a source NVE to a target NVE, it can behave in
   one of the following three ways:

   1) TS initiates an ARP request upon a move to the target NVE

   2) TS sends data packet without first initiating an ARP request to
   the target NVE

   3) TS is a silent host and neither initiates an ARP request nor sends
   any packets

   The following subsections describe the procedures for each of the
   above options. In the following subsections, it is assumed that the
   MAC & IP addresses of a TS have one-to-one relationship (i.e., there
   is one IP address per MAC address and vice versa). If there is many-
   to-one relationship such that there are many host IP addresses
   correspond to a single host MAC address or there are many host MAC
   addresses correspond to a single IP address, then to detect host
   mobility, the procedures in [IRB-EXT-MOBILITY] must be exercised
   followed by the procedures described below.

4.1 Initiating an ARP Request upon a Move

   In this scenario when a TS moves from a source NVE to a target NVE,
   the TS initiates an ARP request upon the move (e.g., gratuitous ARP)
   to the target NVE.

   The target NVE upon receiving this ARP request, updates its MAC-VRF,
   IP-VRF, and ARP table with the host MAC, IP, and local adjacency
   information (e.g., local interface).

   Since this NVE has previously learned the same MAC and IP addresses
   from the source NVE, it recognizes that there has been a MAC move and



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   it initiates MAC mobility procedures per [RFC7432] by advertising an
   EVPN MAC/IP route with both the MAC and IP addresses filled in (per
   sections 3.2.1 and 3.3.1) along with MAC Mobility Extended Community
   with the sequence number incremented by one. The target NVE also
   exercises the MAC duplication detection procedure in section 15.1 of
   [RFC7432].

   The source NVE upon receiving this MAC/IP advertisement, realizes
   that the MAC has moved to the target NVE. It updates its MAC-VRF and
   IP-VRF table accordingly with the adjacency information of the target
   NVE. In case of the asymmetric IRB, the source NVE also updates its
   ARP table with the received adjacency information and in case of the
   symmetric IRB, the source NVE removes the entry associated with the
   received <MAC, IP> from its local ARP table. It then withdraws its
   EVPN MAC/IP route. Furthermore, it sends an ARP probe locally to
   ensure that the MAC is gone.  If an ARP response is received, the
   source NVE updates its ARP entry for that <IP, MAC> and re-advertises
   an EVPN MAC/IP route for that <IP, MAC> along with MAC Mobility
   Extended Community with the sequence number incremented by one. The
   source NVE also exercises the MAC duplication detection procedure in
   section 15.1 of [RFC7432].

   All other remote NVE devices upon receiving the MAC/IP advertisement
   route with MAC Mobility extended community compare the sequence
   number in this advertisement with the one previously received. If the
   new sequence number is greater than the old one, then they update the
   MAC/IP addresses of the TS in their corresponding MAC-VRF and IP-VRF
   tables to point to the target NVE. Furthermore, upon receiving the
   MAC/IP withdraw for the TS from the source NVE, these remote PEs
   perform the cleanups for their BGP tables.

4.2 Sending Data Traffic without an ARP Request

   In this scenario when a TS moves from a source NVE to a target NVE,
   the TS starts sending data traffic without first initiating an ARP
   request.

   The target NVE upon receiving the first data packet, it learns the
   MAC address of the TS in data plane and updates its MAC-VRF table
   with the MAC address and the local adjacency information (e.g., local
   interface) accordingly. The target NVE realizes that there has been a
   MAC move because the same MAC address has been learned remotely from
   the source NVE.

   If EVPN-IRB NVEs are configured to advertise MAC-only routes in
   addition to MAC-and-IP EVPN routes, then the following steps are
   taken:




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   - The target NVE upon learning this MAC address in data-plane,
   updates this MAC address entry in the corresponding MAC-VRF with the
   local adjacency information (e.g., local interface). It also
   recognizes that this MAC has moved and initiates MAC mobility
   procedures per [RFC7432] by advertising an EVPN MAC/IP route with
   only the MAC address filled in along with MAC Mobility Extended
   Community with the sequence number incremented by one.

   - The source NVE upon receiving this MAC/IP advertisement, realizes
   that the MAC has moved to the new NVE. It updates its MAC-VRF table
   accordingly by updating the adjacency information for that MAC
   address to point to the target NVE and withdraws its EVPN MAC/IP
   route that has only the MAC address (if it has advertised such route
   previously). Furthermore, it searches its ARP table for this MAC and
   sends an ARP probe for this <MAC,IP> pair. The ARP request message is
   sent both locally to all attached TSes in that subnet as well as it
   is sent to other NVEs participating in that subnet including the
   target NVE.

   - The target NVE passes the ARP request to its locally attached TSes
   and when it receives the ARP response, it updates its IP-VRF and ARP
   table with the host <MAC, IP> information. It also sends an EVPN
   MAC/IP advertisement route with both the MAC and IP addresses filled
   in along with MAC Mobility Extended Community with the sequence
   number set to the same value as the one for MAC-only advertisement
   route it sent previously.

   - When the source NVE receives the EVPN MAC/IP advertisement, it
   updates its IP-VRF table with the new adjacency information
   (pointing to the target NVE). In case of the asymmetric IRB, the
   source NVE also updates its ARP table with the received adjacency
   information and in case of the symmetric IRB, the source NVE removes
   the entry associated with the received <MAC, IP> from its local ARP
   table. Furthermore, it withdraws its previously advertised EVPN
   MAC/IP route with both the MAC and IP address fields filled in.

   - All other remote NVE devices upon receiving the MAC/IP
   advertisement route with MAC Mobility extended community compare the
   sequence number in this advertisement with the one previously
   received. If the new sequence number is greater than the old one,
   then they update the MAC/IP addresses of the TS in their
   corresponding MAC-VRF and IP-VRF tables to point to the new NVE.
   Furthermore, upon receiving the MAC/IP withdraw for the TS from the
   old NVE, these remote PEs perform the cleanups for their BGP tables.

   If EVPN-IRB NVEs are configured not to advertise MAC-only routes,
   then upon receiving the first data packet, it learns the MAC address
   of the TS and updates the MAC entry in the corresponding MAC-VRF



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   table with the local adjacency information (e.g., local interface).
   It also realizes that there has been a MAC move because the same MAC
   address has been learned remotely from the source NVE. It then sends
   an unicast ARP request to the host and when receiving an ARP
   response, it follows the procedure outlined in section 4.1.


4.3 Silent Host


   In this scenario when a TS moves from a source NVE to a target NVE,
   the TS is silent and it neither initiates an ARP request nor it sends
   any data traffic. Therefore, neither the target nor the source NVEs
   are aware of the MAC move.

   On the source NVE, an age-out timer (for the silent host that has
   moved) is used to trigger an ARP probe. This age-out timer can be
   either ARP timer or MAC age-out timer and this is an implementation
   choice. The ARP request gets sent both locally to all the attached
   TSes on that subnet as well as it gets sent to all the remote NVEs
   (including the target NVE) participating in that subnet. It also
   withdraw the EVPN MAC/IP route with only the MAC address (if it has
   previously advertised such a route).

   The target NVE passes the ARP request to its locally attached TSes
   and when it receives the ARP response, it updates its MAC-VRF, IP-
   VRF, and ARP table with the host <MAC, IP> and local adjacency
   information (e.g., local interface). It also sends an EVPN MAC/IP
   advertisement route with both the MAC and IP address fields filled in
   along with MAC Mobility Extended Community with the sequence number
   incremented by one.

   When the source NVE receives the EVPN MAC/IP advertisement, it
   updates its IP-VRF table with the new adjacency information
   (pointing to the target NVE). In case of the asymmetric IRB, the
   source NVE also updates its ARP table with the received adjacency
   information and in case of the symmetric IRB, the source NVE removes
   the entry associated with the received <MAC, IP> from its local ARP
   table. Furthermore, it withdraws its previously advertised EVPN
   MAC/IP route with both the MAC and IP address fields filled in.

   All other remote NVE devices upon receiving the MAC/IP advertisement
   route with MAC Mobility extended community compare the sequence
   number in this advertisement with the one previously received. If the
   new sequence number is greater than the old one, then they update the
   MAC/IP addresses of the TS in their corresponding MAC-VRF and IP-VRF
   tables to point to the new NVE. Furthermore, upon receiving the
   MAC/IP withdraw for the TS from the old NVE, these remote PEs perform



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   the cleanups for their BGP tables.



5 BGP Encoding

   This document defines one new BGP Extended Community for EVPN.

5.1 Router's MAC Extended Community

   A new EVPN BGP Extended Community called Router's MAC is introduced
   here. This new extended community is a transitive extended community
   with the Type field of 0x06 (EVPN) and the Sub-Type of 0x03. It may
   be advertised along with BGP Encapsulation Extended Community define
   in section 4.5 of [TUNNEL-ENCAP].

   The Router's MAC Extended Community is encoded as an 8-octet value as
   follows:


        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       | Type=0x06     | Sub-Type=0x03 |        Router's MAC           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      Router's MAC Cont'd                      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

               Figure 5: Router's MAC Extended Community

   This extended community is used to carry the PE's MAC address for
   symmetric IRB scenarios and it is sent with RT-2.


6 Operational Models for Symmetric Inter-Subnet Forwarding

   The following sections describe two main symmetric IRB forwarding
   scenarios (within a DC - i.e., intra-DC) along with their
   corresponding procedures. In the following scenarios, without loss of
   generality, it is assumed that a given tenant is represented by a
   single IP-VPN instance. Therefore, on a given PE, a tenant is
   represented by a single IP-VRF table and one or more MAC-VRF tables.

6.1 IRB forwarding on NVEs for Tenant Systems

   This section covers the symmetric IRB procedures for the scenario
   where each Tenant System (TS) is attached to one or more NVEs and its
   host IP and MAC addresses are learned by the attached NVEs and are



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   distributed to all other NVEs that are interested in participating in
   both intra-subnet and inter-subnet communications with that TS.

   In this scenario, without loss of generality, it is assumed that NVEs
   operate in VLAN-based service interface mode with one Bridge Table
   (BT) per MAC-VRF. Thus for a given tenant, an NVE has one MAC-VRF for
   each tenant's subnet (e.g., each VLAN) that is configured for which
   is typically the case for VxLAN and GENEVE encapsulation. In case of
   VLAN-aware bundling, then each MAC-VRF consists of multiple Bridge
   Tables (e.g., one BT per VLAN). The MAC-VRFs on an NVE for a given
   tenant are associated with an IP-VRF corresponding to that tenant (or
   IP-VPN instance) via their IRB interfaces.

   Each NVE MUST support QoS, Security, and OAM policies per IP-VRF
   to/from the core network. This is not to be confused with the QoS,
   Security, and OAM policies per Attachment Circuits (AC) to/from the
   Tenant Systems. How this requirement is met is an implementation
   choice and it is outside the scope of this document.

   Since VxLAN and GENEVE encapsulations require inner Ethernet header
   (inner MAC SA/DA), and since for inter-subnet traffic, TS MAC address
   cannot be used, the ingress NVE's MAC address is used as inner MAC
   SA. The NVE's MAC address is the device MAC address and it is common
   across all MAC-VRFs and IP-VRFs. This MAC address is advertised using
   the new EVPN Router's MAC Extended Community (section 5.1).

   Figure 6 below illustrates this scenario where a given tenant (e.g.,
   an IP-VPN instance) has three subnets represented by MAC-VRF1, MAC-
   VRF2, and MAC-VRF3 across two NVEs. There are five TSes that are
   associated with these three MAC-VRFs - i.e., TS1, TS4, and TS5 are
   sitting on the same subnet (e.g., same MAC-VRF/VLAN);where, TS1 and
   TS5 are associated with MAC-VRF1 on NVE1, TS4 is associated with MAC-
   VRF1 on NVE2.  TS2 is associated with MAC-VRF2 on NVE1, and TS3 is
   associated with MAC-VRF3 on NVE2. MAC-VRF1 and MAC-VRF2 on NVE1 are
   in turn associated with IP-VRF1 on NVE1 and MAC-VRF1 and MAC-VRF3 on
   NVE2 are associated with IP-VRF1 on NVE2. When TS1, TS5, and TS4
   exchange traffic with each other, only L2 forwarding (bridging) part
   of the IRB solution is exercised because all these TSes sit on the
   same subnet. However, when TS1 wants to exchange traffic with TS2 or
   TS3 which belong to different subnets, then both bridging and routing
   parts of the IRB solution are exercised. The following subsections
   describe the control and data planes operations for this IRB scenario
   in details.








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                     NVE1         +---------+
               +-------------+    |         |
       TS1-----|         MACx|    |         |        NVE2
     (IP1/M1)  |(MAC-        |    |         |   +-------------+
       TS5-----| VRF1)\      |    |  MPLS/  |   |MACy  (MAC-  |-----TS3
     (IP5/M5)  |       \     |    |  VxLAN/ |   |     / VRF3) | (IP3/M3)
               |    (IP-VRF1)|----|  NVGRE  |---|(IP-VRF1)    |
               |       /     |    |         |   |     \       |
       TS2-----|(MAC- /      |    |         |   |      (MAC-  |-----TS4
     (IP2/M2)  | VRF2)       |    |         |   |       VRF1) | (IP4/M4)
               +-------------+    |         |   +-------------+
                                  |         |
                                  +---------+

          Figure 6: IRB forwarding on NVEs for Tenant Systems

6.1.1 Control Plane Operation

   Each NVE advertises a MAC/IP Advertisement route (i.e., Route Type 2)
   for each of its TSes with the following field set:

   - RD and ESI per [RFC7432]
   - Ethernet Tag = 0; assuming VLAN-based service
   - MAC Address Length = 48
   - MAC Address = Mi ; where i = 1,2,3,4, or 5 in the above example
   - IP Address Length = 32 or 128
   - IP Address = IPi ; where i = 1,2,3,4, or 5 in the above example
   - Label-1 = MPLS Label or VNI corresponding to MAC-VRF
   - Label-2 = MPLS Label or VNI corresponding to IP-VRF

   Each NVE advertises an RT-2 route with two Route Targets (one
   corresponding to its MAC-VRF and the other corresponding to its IP-
   VRF. Furthermore, the RT-2 is advertised with two BGP Extended
   Communities. The first BGP Extended Community identifies the tunnel
   type per section 4.5 of [TUNNEL-ENCAP] and the second BGP Extended
   Community includes the MAC address of the NVE (e.g., MACx for NVE1 or
   MACy for NVE2) as defined in section 5.1. This second Extended
   Community (for the MAC address of NVE) is only required when Ethernet
   NVO tunnel type is used. If IP NVO tunnel type is used, then there is
   no need to send this second Extended Community. It should be noted
   that IP NVO tunnel type is only applicable to symmetric IRB
   procedures.

   Upon receiving this advertisement, the receiving NVE performs the
   following:

   - It uses Route Targets corresponding to its MAC-VRF and IP-VRF for
   identifying these tables and subsequently importing the MAC and IP



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   addresses into them respectively.

   - It imports the MAC address from MAC/IP Advertisement route into the
   MAC-VRF with BGP Next Hop address as underlay tunnel destination
   address (e.g., VTEP DA for VxLAN encapsulation) and Label-1 as VNI
   for VxLAN encapsulation or EVPN label for MPLS encapsulation.

   - If the route carries the new Router's MAC Extended Community, and
   if the receiving NVE is using Ethernet NVO tunnel, then the receiving
   NVE imports the IP address into IP-VRF with NVE's MAC address (from
   the new Router's MAC Extended Community) as inner MAC DA and BGP Next
   Hop address as underlay tunnel destination address, VTEP DA for VxLAN
   encapsulation and Label-2 as IP-VPN VNI for VxLAN encapsulation.

   - If the receiving NVE is going to use MPLS encapsulation, then the
   receiving NVE imports the IP address into IP-VRF with BGP Next Hop
   address as underlay tunnel destination address, and Label-2 as IP-VPN
   label for MPLS encapsulation.

   If the receiving NVE receives a RT-2 with only Label-1 and only a
   single Route Target corresponding to IP-VRF, or if it receives a RT-2
   with only a single Route Target corresponding to MAC-VRF but with
   both Label-1 and Label-2, or if it receives a RT-2 with MAC Address
   Length of zero, then it MUST treat the route as withdraw [RFC7606]
   and log an error message.


6.1.2 Data Plane Operation

   The following description of the data-plane operation describes just
   the logical functions and the actual implementation may differ. Lets
   consider data-plane operation when TS1 in subnet-1 (MAC-VRF1) on NVE1
   wants to send traffic to TS3 in subnet-3 (MAC-VRF3) on NVE2.

   - NVE1 receives a packet with MAC DA corresponding to the MAC-VRF1
   IRB interface on NVE1 (the interface between MAC-VRF1 and IP-VRF1),
   and VLAN-tag corresponding to MAC-VRF1.

   - Upon receiving the packet, the NVE1 uses VLAN-tag to identify the
   MAC-VRF1. It then looks up the MAC DA and forwards the frame to its
   IRB interface.

   -  The Ethernet header of the packet is stripped and the packet is
   fed to the IP-VRF where IP lookup is performed on the destination IP
   address. This lookup yields the outgoing NVO tunnel and the required
   encapsulation. If the encapsulation is for Ethernet NVO tunnel, then
   it includes the egress NVE's MAC address as inner MAC DA, the egress
   NVE's IP address (e.g., BGP Next Hop address) as the VTEP DA, and the



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   VPN-ID as the VNI. The inner MAC SA and VTEP SA are set to NVE's MAC
   and IP addresses respectively. If it is a MPLS encapsulation, then
   corresponding EVPN and LSP labels are added to the packet. The packet
   is then forwarded to the egress NVE.

   - On the egress NVE, if the packet arrives on Ethernet NVO tunnel
   (e.g., it is VxLAN encapsulated), then the NVO tunnel header is
   removed. Since the inner MAC DA is the egress NVE's MAC address, the
   egress NVE knows that it needs to perform an IP lookup. It uses the
   VNI to identify the IP-VRF table. If the packet is MPLS encapsulated,
   then the EVPN label lookup identifies the IP-VRF table. Next, an IP
   lookup is performed for the destination TS (TS3) which results in
   access-facing IRB interface over which the packet is sent. Before
   sending the packet over this interface, the ARP table is consulted to
   get the destination TS's MAC address.

   - The IP packet is encapsulated with an Ethernet header with MAC SA
   set to that of IRB interface MAC address (i.e, IRB interface between
   MAC-VRF3 and IP-VRF1 on NVE2) and MAC DA set to that of destination
   TS (TS3) MAC address. The packet is sent to the corresponding MAC-VRF
   (i.e., MAC-VRF3) and after a lookup of MAC DA, is forwarded to the
   destination TS (TS3) over the corresponding interface.

   In this symmetric IRB scenario, inter-subnet traffic between NVEs
   will always use the IP-VRF VNI/MPLS label. For instance, traffic from
   TS2 to TS4 will be encapsulated by NVE1 using NVE2's IP-VRF VNI/MPLS
   label, as long as TS4's host IP is present in NVE1's IP-VRF.


6.2 IRB forwarding on NVEs for Subnets behind Tenant Systems

   This section covers the symmetric IRB procedures for the scenario
   where some Tenant Systems (TSes) support one or more subnets and
   these TSes are associated with one or more NVEs. Therefore, besides
   the advertisement of MAC/IP addresses for each TS which can be multi-
   homed with All-Active redundancy mode, the associated NVE needs to
   also advertise the subnets statically configured on each TS.

   The main difference between this solution and the previous one is the
   additional advertisement corresponding to each subnet. These subnet
   advertisements are accomplished using EVPN IP Prefix route defined in
   [EVPN-PREFIX]. These subnet prefixes are advertised with the IP
   address of their associated TS (which is in overlay address space) as
   their next hop. The receiving NVEs perform recursive route resolution
   to resolve the subnet prefix with its associated ingress NVE so that
   they know which NVE to forward the packets to when they are destined
   for that subnet prefix.




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   The advantage of this recursive route resolution is that when a TS
   moves from one NVE to another, there is no need to re-advertise any
   of the subnet prefixes for that TS. All it is needed is to advertise
   the IP/MAC addresses associated with the TS itself and exercise MAC
   mobility procedures for that TS. The recursive route resolution
   automatically takes care of the updates for the subnet prefixes of
   that TS.

   Figure below illustrates this scenario where a given tenant (e.g., an
   IP-VPN service) has three subnets represented by MAC-VRF1, MAC-VRF2,
   and MAC-VRF3 across two NVEs. There are four TSes associated with
   these three MAC-VRFs - i.e., TS1, TS5 are connected to MAC-VRF1 on
   NVE1, TS2 is connected to MAC-VRF2 on NVE1,  TS3 is connected to MAC-
   VRF3 on NVE2, and TS4 is connected to MAC-VRF1 on NVE2. TS1 has two
   subnet prefixes (SN1 and SN2) and TS3 has a single subnet prefix,
   SN3. The MAC-VRFs on each NVE are associated with their corresponding
   IP-VRF using their IRB interfaces. When TS4 and TS1 exchange intra-
   subnet traffic, only L2 forwarding (bridging) part of the IRB
   solution is used (i.e., the traffic only goes through their MAC-
   VRFs); however, when TS3 wants to forward traffic to SN1 or SN2
   sitting behind TS1 (inter-subnet traffic), then both bridging and
   routing parts of the IRB solution are exercised (i.e., the traffic
   goes through the corresponding MAC-VRFs and IP-VRFs). The following
   subsections describe the control and data planes operations for this
   IRB scenario in details.


























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                             NVE1      +----------+
     SN1--+          +-------------+   |          |
          |--TS1-----|(MAC- \      |   |          |
     SN2--+ IP1/M1   | VRF1) \     |   |          |
                     |     (IP-VRF)|---|          |
                     |       /     |   |          |
             TS2-----|(MAC- /      |   |  MPLS/   |
            IP2/M2   | VRF2)       |   |  VxLAN/  |
                     +-------------+   |  NVGRE   |
                     +-------------+   |          |
     SN3--+--TS3-----|(MAC-\       |   |          |
            IP3/M3   | VRF3)\      |   |          |
                     |     (IP-VRF)|---|          |
                     |       /     |   |          |
             TS4-----|(MAC- /      |   |          |
            IP4/M4   | VRF1)       |   |          |
                     +-------------+   +----------+
                            NVE2


        Figure 7: IRB forwarding on NVEs for subnets behind TSes

6.2.1 Control Plane Operation

   Each NVE advertises a Route Type-5 (RT-5, IP Prefix Route defined in
   [EVPN-PREFIX]) for each of its subnet prefixes with the IP address of
   its TS as the next hop (gateway address field) as follow:

   - RD associated with the IP-VRF
   - ESI = 0
   - Ethernet Tag = 0;
   - IP Prefix Length = 0 to 32 or 0 to 128
   - IP Prefix = SNi
   - Gateway Address = IPi; IP address of TS
   - Label = 0

   This RT-5 is advertised with one or more Route Targets that have been
   configured as "export route targets" of the IP-VRF from which the
   route is originated.

   Each NVE also advertises an RT-2 (MAC/IP Advertisement Route) along
   with their associated Route Targets and Extended Communities for each
   of its TSes exactly as described in section 6.1.1.

   Upon receiving the RT-5 advertisement, the receiving NVE performs the
   following:

   - It uses the Route Target to identify the corresponding IP-VRF



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   - It imports the IP prefix into its corresponding IP-VRF that is
   configured with an import RT that is one of the RTs being carried by
   the RT-5 route along with the IP address of the associated TS as its
   next hop.

   When receiving the RT-2 advertisement, the receiving NVE imports
   MAC/IP addresses of the TS into the corresponding MAC-VRF and IP-VRF
   per section 6.1.1. When both routes exist, recursive route resolution
   is performed to resolve the IP prefix (received in RT-5) to its
   corresponding NVE's IP address (e.g., its BGP next hop). BGP next hop
   will be used as underlay tunnel destination address (e.g., VTEP DA
   for VxLAN encapsulation) and Router's MAC will be used as inner MAC
   for VxLAN encapsulation.


6.2.2 Data Plane Operation

   The following description of the data-plane operation describes just
   the logical functions and the actual implementation may differ. Lets
   consider data-plane operation when a host on SN1 sitting behind TS1
   wants to send traffic to a host sitting behind SN3 behind TS3.

   - TS1 send a packet with MAC DA corresponding to the MAC-VRF1 IRB
   interface of NVE1, and VLAN-tag corresponding to MAC-VRF1.

   - Upon receiving the packet, the ingress NVE1 uses VLAN-tag to
   identify the MAC-VRF1. It then looks up the MAC DA and forwards the
   frame to its IRB interface just like section 6.1.1.

   - The Ethernet header of the packet is stripped and the packet is fed
   to the IP-VRF; where, IP lookup is performed on the destination
   address. This lookup yields the fields needed for VxLAN encapsulation
   with NVE2's MAC address as the inner MAC DA, NVE'2 IP address as the
   VTEP DA, and the VNI. MAC SA is set to NVE1's MAC address and VTEP SA
   is set to NVE1's IP address.

   -  The packet is then encapsulated with the proper header based on
   the above info and is forwarded to the egress NVE (NVE2).

   - On the egress NVE (NVE2), assuming the packet is VxLAN
   encapsulated, the VxLAN and the inner Ethernet headers are removed
   and the resultant IP packet is fed to the IP-VRF associated with that
   the VNI.

   - Next, a lookup is performed based on IP DA (which is in SN3) in the
   associated IP-VRF of NVE2. The IP lookup yields the access-facing IRB
   interface over which the packet needs to be sent. Before sending the
   packet over this interface, the ARP table is consulted to get the



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   destination TS (TS3) MAC address.

   - The IP packet is encapsulated with an Ethernet header with the MAC
   SA set to that of the access-facing IRB interface of the egress NVE
   (NVE2) and the MAC DA is set to that of destination TS (TS3) MAC
   address. The packet is sent to the corresponding MAC-VRF3 and after a
   lookup of MAC DA, is forwarded to the destination TS (TS3) over the
   corresponding interface.


7  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Sami Boutros, Jeffrey Zhang,
   Krzysztof Szarkowicz, Lukas Krattiger and Neeraj Malhotra for their
   valuable comments. The authors would also like to thank Linda Dunbar,
   Florin Balus, Yakov Rekhter, Wim Henderickx, Lucy Yong, and Dennis
   Cai for their feedbacks and contributions.

8  Security Considerations

   This document describes a set of procedures for Inter-Subnet
   Forwarding of tenant traffic across PEs (or NVEs). These procedures
   include both layer-2 forwarding and layer-3 routing on a packet by
   packet basis. The security consideration for layer-2 forwarding in
   this document follow that of [RFC7432] for MPLS encapsulation and it
   follows that of [RFC8365] for VxLAN or GENEVE encapsulations.

   Furthermore, the security consideration for layer-3 routing is this
   document follows that of [RFC4365] with the exception for application
   of routing protocols between CEs and PEs. Contrary to [RFC4364], this
   document does not describe route distribution techniques between CEs
   and PEs, but rather considers the CEs as TSes or VAs that do not run
   dynamic routing protocols. This can be considered a security
   advantage, since dynamic routing protocols can be blocked on the
   NVE/PE ACs, not allowing the tenant to interact with the
   infrastructure's dynamic routing protocols.

   In this document, the RT-5 is used for certain scenarios. This route
   uses an Overlay Index that requires a recursive resolution to a
   different EVPN route (an RT-2). Because of this, it is worth noting
   that any action that ends up filtering or modifying the RT-2 route
   used to convey the Overlay Indexes, will modify the resolution of the
   RT-5 and therefore the forwarding of packets to the remote subnet.

9  IANA Considerations

   IANA has allocated a new transitive extended community Type of 0x06
   and Sub-Type of 0x03 for EVPN Router's MAC Extended Community.



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10  References

10.1  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.


   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC2119
              Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May
              2017.

   [RFC7432] Sajassi et al., "BGP MPLS Based Ethernet VPN", RFC 7432,
              February, 2015.


   [RFC8365] Sajassi et al., "A Network Virtualization Overlay Solution
              Using Ethernet VPN (EVPN)", RFC 8365, March, 2018.

   [TUNNEL-ENCAP] Rosen et al., "The BGP Tunnel Encapsulation
              Attribute", draft-ietf-idr-tunnel-encaps-11, February
              2019.

   [EVPN-PREFIX] Rabadan et al., "IP Prefix Advertisement in EVPN",
              draft-ietf-bess-evpn-prefix-advertisement-11, May 2018.

10.2  Informative References


   [RFC7606]  Chen, E., Scudder, J., Mohapatra, P., and K. Patel,
   "Revised Error Handling for BGP UPDATE Messages", RFC 7606, August
   2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7606>.

   [802.1Q] "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks -
   Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges and Virtual Bridged Local Area
   Networks", IEEE Std 802.1Q(tm), 2014 Edition, November 2014.

   [RFC7348]  Mahalingam, M., et al., "Virtual eXtensible Local Area
   Network (VXLAN): A Framework for Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2
   Networks over Layer 3 Networks", RFC 7348, DOI 10.17487/RFC7348,
   August 2014.

   [RFC4364] Rosen, E., et al., "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks
   (VPNs)", RFC 4364, February 2006.

   [RFC4365] Rosen, E., et al., "Applicability Statement for BGP/MPLS IP
   Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4365, February 2006.




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   [RFC7365] Lasserre, M., et al., "Framework for Data Center (DC)
   Network Virtualization", RFC 7365, October 2014.

   [RFC5798] Nadas, S., et al., "Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
   (VRRP) Version 3 for IPv4 and IPv6", RFC 5798, March 2010.


   [GENEVE]  Gross, J., et al., "Geneve: Generic Network Virtualization
   Encapsulation", Work in Progress, draft-ietf-nvo3-geneve-10, March
   2019.

   [IRB-EXT-MOBILITY] Malhotra, N., al., "Extended Mobility Procedures
   for EVPN-IRB", Work in Progress, draft-malhotra-bess-evpn-irb-
   extended-mobility-04, January 2019.



Authors' Addresses


   Ali Sajassi (Editor)
   Cisco
   Email: sajassi@cisco.com


   Samer Salam
   Cisco
   Email: ssalam@cisco.com


   Samir Thoria
   Cisco
   Email: sthoria@cisco.com


   John E. Drake
   Juniper
   Email: jdrake@juniper.net


   Jorge Rabadan
   Nokia
   Email: jorge.rabadan@nokia.com








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