Network Working Group T. Manderson
Internet-Draft L. Vegoda
Intended status: Standards Track ICANN
Expires: November 12, 2011 S. Kent
BBN
May 11, 2011
RPKI Objects issued by IANA
draft-ietf-sidr-iana-objects-03.txt
Abstract
This document provides specific direction to IANA as to the Resource
Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) objects it should issue.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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This Internet-Draft will expire on November 12, 2011.
Copyright Notice
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document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. Requirements Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Required Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Reserved Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Unallocated Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Special Purpose Registry Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9. Informational Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10. Certificates and CRLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
12. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
13. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
14. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
14.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
14.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Appendix A. IANA Reserved IPv4 Address Blocks . . . . . . . . . . 19
Appendix B. IANA Reserved IPv6 Address Blocks . . . . . . . . . . 20
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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1. Requirements Notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
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2. Introduction
An Infrastructure to Support Secure Internet Routing
[I-D.ietf-sidr-arch] directs IANA [RFC2860] to issue Resource Public
Key Infrastructure (RPKI) objects for which it is authoritative.
This document describes the objects IANA will issue. If IANA is
directed to issue additional RPKI objects in future, this document
will be revised and a new version issued.
The signed objects described here that IANA will issue are the
unallocated, reserved, special use IPv4 and IPv6 address blocks, and
the unallocated and reserved Autonomous System numbers. These number
resources are managed by IANA for the IETF, and thus IANA bears the
responsibility of issuing the corresponding RPKI objects. The reader
is encouraged to consider the technical effects on the public routing
system of the signed object issuance proposed for IANA in this
document.
This document does not deal with BGP [RFC4271] routing systems as
those are under the policy controls of the organizations that operate
them. Readers are directed to Local Trust Anchor Management for the
Resource Public Key Infrastructure [I-D.ietf-sidr-ltamgmt] for a
description of how to locally override IANA issued objects, e.g. to
enable use of unallocated, reserved, and special use IPv4 and IPv6
address blocks in a local context.
The direction to IANA contained herein follows the ideal that it
should represent the ideal technical behavior for registry, and
related registry, actions.
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3. Required Reading
Readers should be familiar with the RPKI, the RPKI Repository
Structure, and the various RPKI objects, uses and interpretations
described in the following: [I-D.ietf-sidr-arch],
[I-D.ietf-sidr-res-certs], [I-D.ietf-sidr-roa-format],
[I-D.ietf-sidr-ghostbusters], [I-D.ietf-sidr-ltamgmt],
[I-D.ietf-sidr-roa-validation], [I-D.ietf-sidr-usecases],
[I-D.ietf-sidr-cp], and [I-D.ietf-sidr-rpki-manifests].
NOTE: The addresses used in this document are not example addresses
therefore they are not compliant with [RFC3849], [RFC5735], and
[RFC5771]. This is intentional as the practices described in this
document are directed to specific instances of real world addresses.
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4. Definitions
Internet Number Resources (INR): The number identifiers for IPv4
[RFC0791] and IPv6 [RFC2460] addresses, and for Autonomous Systems.
IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (a traditional name, used
here to refer to the technical team making and publishing the
assignments of Internet protocol technical parameters). The
technical team of IANA is currently a part of ICANN [RFC2860].
RPKI: Resource Public Key Infrastructure. A Public Key
Infrastructure designed to provide a secure basis for assertions
about holdings of Internet numeric resources. Certificates issued
under the RPKI contain additional attributes that identify IPv4,
IPv6, and Autonomous System Number (ASN) resources
[I-D.ietf-sidr-arch].
ROA: Route Origination Authorization. A ROA is an RPKI object that
enables the holder of the address prefix to specify an AS that is
permitted to originate (in BGP) routes for that prefix
[I-D.ietf-sidr-roa-format].
AS0 ROA: A ROA containing a value of 0 in the ASID field. Validation
of Route Origination using the Resource Certificate PKI and ROAs
[I-D.ietf-sidr-roa-validation] states "A ROA with a subject of AS0
(AS0-ROA) is an attestation by the holder of a prefix that the prefix
described in the ROA, and any more specific prefix, should not be
used in a routing context."
"Not intended to be (publicly) routed": This phrase refers to
prefixes that are not meant to be represented in the global Internet
routing table (for example 192.168/16, [RFC1918]).
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5. Reserved Resources
Reserved IPv4 and IPv6 resources are held back for various reasons by
IETF action. Generally such resources are not intended to be
globally routed. An example of such a reservation is 127.0.0.0/8
[RFC5735]. See Appendix A (Appendix A) and B (Appendix B) for IANA
reserved resources.
IANA SHOULD issue an AS0 ROA for all reserved IPv4 and IPv6 resources
not intended to be routed. The selection of the [RFC2119]
terminology is intentional as there may be situations where the ASO
ROA is removed or not issued prior to an IANA registry action. It is
not appropriate to place IANA into a situation where, through normal
interal operations, its bahavior contradicts IETF standards.
There are a small number of reserved resources that are intended to
be routed, for example 192.88.99.0/24 [RFC3068]. See Appendix A
(Appendix A) and B (Appendix B) for IANA reserved resources.
IANA MUST NOT issue any ROAs (AS0 or otherwise) for reserved
resources that are expected to be globally routed.
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6. Unallocated Resources
Internet Number Resources that have not yet been allocated for
special purposes [RFC5736], to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs),
or to others are considered as not intended to be globally routed.
IANA SHOULD issue an AS0 ROA for all Unallocated Resources. The
selection of the [RFC2119] terminology is intentional as there may be
situations where the ASO ROA is removed or not issued prior to an
IANA registry action. It is not appropriate to place IANA into a
situation where, through normal interal operations, its bahavior
contradicts IETF standards.
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7. Special Purpose Registry Resources
Special Registry Resources [RFC5736] fall into one of two categories
in terms of routing. Either the resource is intended to be seen in
the global Internet routing table in some fashion, or it isn't. An
example of a special purpose registry INR that is intended for global
routing is 2001:0000::/32 [RFC4380]. An example of an INR not
intended to be seen would be 2001:002::/48 [RFC5180].
IANA MUST NOT issue any ROAs (AS0 or otherwise) for Special Purpose
Registry Resources that are intended to be globally routed.
IANA SHOULD issue an AS0 ROA for Special Purpose Registry Resources
that are not intended to be globally routed.
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8. Multicast
Within the IPv4 Multicast [RFC5771] and IPv6 Multicast [RFC4291]
registries there are a number of Multicast registrations that are not
intended to be globally routed.
IANA MUST issue an AS0 ROA covering the following IPv4 and IPv6
multicast INRs:
IPv4:
- Local Network Control Block
224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 (224.0.0/24)
- IANA Reserved portions of RESERVED
224.1.0.0-224.1.255.255 (224.1/16)
- RESERVED
224.5.0.0-224.251.255.255 (251 /16s)
225.0.0.0-231.255.255.255 (7 /8s)
IPv6:
- Node-Local Scope Multicast Addresses
- Link-Local Scope Multicast Addresses
IANA MUST NOT issue any ROAs (AS0 or otherwise) for any other
multicast addresses unless directed by an IESG approved standards
track document with an appropriate IANA Considerations section.
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9. Informational Objects
One informational object that can exist at a publication point of an
RPKI repository is the Ghostbusters Record
[I-D.ietf-sidr-ghostbusters].
IANA MUST issue a ghostbusters object appropriate in content for the
resources IANA maintains.
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10. Certificates and CRLs
Before IANA can issue a ROA it MUST first establish an RPKI
Certification Authority (CA) that covers unallocated, reserved, and
special use INRs. A CA that covers these INRs MUST contain contain
RFC 3379 extensions [RFC3779] for those corresponding number
resources in its Certificate. This CA MUST issue single-use End
Entity (EE) certificates for each ROA that it generates. The EE
certificate will conform to the Resource Certificate Profile
[I-D.ietf-sidr-res-certs] and the additional constraints specified in
[I-D.ietf-sidr-roa-format]. IANA MUST maintain a publication point
for this CA's use and MIUST publish manifests
[I-D.ietf-sidr-rpki-manifests] (with its corresponding EE
certificate) for this publication point. IANA MUST issue a
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) under this CA certificate for the
EE certificates noted above. All objects issued by this CA will
conform to the RPKI Certificate Policy [I-D.ietf-sidr-cp].
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11. IANA Considerations
This document directs IANA to issue, or refrain from issuing, the
specific RPKI objects described here for the current set of reserved,
unallocated, and special registry Internet Number Resources. Further
IANA MUST notify all other INR registries that RPKI objects have been
issued for the Internet Number Resources described in this document
to avoid the potential for issuance of duplicate objects that might
confuse relying parties.
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12. Security Considerations
This document does not alter the security profile of the RPKI from
that already discussed in SIDR-WG documents.
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13. Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Dave Meyer for helpful direction with regard
to multicast assignments.
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14. References
14.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-sidr-arch]
Lepinski, M. and S. Kent, "An Infrastructure to Support
Secure Internet Routing", draft-ietf-sidr-arch-12 (work in
progress), February 2011.
[I-D.ietf-sidr-cp]
Kent, S., Kong, D., Seo, K., and R. Watro, "Certificate
Policy (CP) for the Resource PKI (RPKI",
draft-ietf-sidr-cp-17 (work in progress), April 2011.
[I-D.ietf-sidr-ghostbusters]
Bush, R., "The RPKI Ghostbusters Record",
draft-ietf-sidr-ghostbusters-03 (work in progress),
March 2011.
[I-D.ietf-sidr-res-certs]
Huston, G., Michaelson, G., and R. Loomans, "A Profile for
X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates",
draft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-22 (work in progress), May 2011.
[I-D.ietf-sidr-roa-format]
Lepinski, M., Kent, S., and D. Kong, "A Profile for Route
Origin Authorizations (ROAs)",
draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-12 (work in progress),
May 2011.
[I-D.ietf-sidr-roa-validation]
Huston, G. and G. Michaelson, "Validation of Route
Origination using the Resource Certificate PKI and ROAs",
draft-ietf-sidr-roa-validation-10 (work in progress),
November 2010.
[I-D.ietf-sidr-rpki-manifests]
Austein, R., Huston, G., Kent, S., and M. Lepinski,
"Manifests for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure",
draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-manifests-11 (work in progress),
May 2011.
14.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-sidr-ltamgmt]
Kent, S. and M. Reynolds, "Local Trust Anchor Management
for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure",
draft-ietf-sidr-ltamgmt-00 (work in progress),
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November 2010.
[I-D.ietf-sidr-usecases]
Manderson, T., Sriram, K., and R. White, "Use Cases and
interpretation of RPKI objects for issuers and relying
parties", draft-ietf-sidr-usecases-01 (work in progress),
December 2010.
[RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
September 1981.
[RFC0919] Mogul, J., "Broadcasting Internet Datagrams", STD 5,
RFC 919, October 1984.
[RFC0922] Mogul, J., "Broadcasting Internet datagrams in the
presence of subnets", STD 5, RFC 922, October 1984.
[RFC1112] Deering, S., "Host extensions for IP multicasting", STD 5,
RFC 1112, August 1989.
[RFC1122] Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122, October 1989.
[RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[RFC2544] Bradner, S. and J. McQuaid, "Benchmarking Methodology for
Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 2544, March 1999.
[RFC2860] Carpenter, B., Baker, F., and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of
Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860, June 2000.
[RFC3068] Huitema, C., "An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers",
RFC 3068, June 2001.
[RFC3779] Lynn, C., Kent, S., and K. Seo, "X.509 Extensions for IP
Addresses and AS Identifiers", RFC 3779, June 2004.
[RFC3849] Huston, G., Lord, A., and P. Smith, "IPv6 Address Prefix
Reserved for Documentation", RFC 3849, July 2004.
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[RFC3879] Huitema, C. and B. Carpenter, "Deprecating Site Local
Addresses", RFC 3879, September 2004.
[RFC3927] Cheshire, S., Aboba, B., and E. Guttman, "Dynamic
Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses", RFC 3927,
May 2005.
[RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway
Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, January 2006.
[RFC4291] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.
[RFC4380] Huitema, C., "Teredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through
Network Address Translations (NATs)", RFC 4380,
February 2006.
[RFC4843] Nikander, P., Laganier, J., and F. Dupont, "An IPv6 Prefix
for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers
(ORCHID)", RFC 4843, April 2007.
[RFC5180] Popoviciu, C., Hamza, A., Van de Velde, G., and D.
Dugatkin, "IPv6 Benchmarking Methodology for Network
Interconnect Devices", RFC 5180, May 2008.
[RFC5735] Cotton, M. and L. Vegoda, "Special Use IPv4 Addresses",
BCP 153, RFC 5735, January 2010.
[RFC5736] Huston, G., Cotton, M., and L. Vegoda, "IANA IPv4 Special
Purpose Address Registry", RFC 5736, January 2010.
[RFC5737] Arkko, J., Cotton, M., and L. Vegoda, "IPv4 Address Blocks
Reserved for Documentation", RFC 5737, January 2010.
[RFC5771] Cotton, M., Vegoda, L., and D. Meyer, "IANA Guidelines for
IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments", BCP 51, RFC 5771,
March 2010.
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Appendix A. IANA Reserved IPv4 Address Blocks
This list of Address Space and RFCs was correct at the time of
writing
IPv4 Address Blocks and the RFCs which direct IANA to Reserve them
+--------------------+------------------------------------+---------+
| Prefix | RFC | TBR |
+--------------------+------------------------------------+---------+
| 0.0.0.0/8 | RFC1122, Section 3.2.1.3 | No |
| | | |
| 10.0.0.0/8 | RFC1918 | No |
| | | |
| 127.0.0.0/8 | RFC1122, Section 3.2.1.3 | No |
| | | |
| 169.254.0.0/16 | RFC3927 | No |
| | | |
| 172.16.0.0/12 | RFC1918 | No |
| | | |
| 192.0.0.0/24 | RFC5736 | Various |
| | | |
| 192.0.2.0/24 | RFC5737 | No |
| | | |
| 192.88.99.0/24 | RFC3068 | Yes |
| | | |
| 192.168.0.0/16 | RFC1918 | No |
| | | |
| 198.18.0.0/15 | RFC2544 | No |
| | | |
| 198.51.100.0/24 | RFC5737 | No |
| | | |
| 203.0.113.0/24 | RFC5737 | No |
| | | |
| 224.0.0.0/4 | RFC5771 | No |
| | | |
| 240.0.0.0/4 | RFC1112, Section 4 | No |
| | | |
| 255.255.255.255/32 | RFC919, Section 7 and RFC922, | No |
| | Section 7 | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------+---------+
TBR: To Be Routed, the intention of the RFC pertaining to the address
block.
Table 1
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Appendix B. IANA Reserved IPv6 Address Blocks
This list of Address Space and RFCs was correct at the time of
writing
IPv6 Address Blocks and the RFCs which direct IANA to Reserve them
+----------------+---------+-----+
| Prefix | RFC | TBR |
+----------------+---------+-----+
| 0000::/8 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| 0100::/8 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| 0200::/7 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| 0400::/6 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| 0800::/5 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| 1000::/4 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| 4000::/3 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| 6000::/3 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| 8000::/3 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| A000::/3 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| C000::/3 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| E000::/4 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| F000::/5 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| F800::/6 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| FC00::/7 | RFC4193 | No |
| | | |
| FE00::/9 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| FE80::/10 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
| FEC0::/10 | RFC3879 | No |
| | | |
| FF00::/8 | RFC4291 | No |
| | | |
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| 2001:0002::/48 | RFC5180 | No |
| | | |
| 2001:10::/28 | RFC4843 | No |
+----------------+---------+-----+
TBR: To Be Routed, the intention of the RFC pertaining to the address
block.
Table 2
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Authors' Addresses
Terry Manderson
ICANN
Email: terry.manderson@icann.org
Leo Vegoda
ICANN
Email: leo.vegoda@icann.org
Steve Kent
BBN
Email: kent@bbn.com
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