Network Working Group R. Merrick
Internet-Draft IBM
Intended status: Informational P. Easton
Expires: April 17, 2009 Progress
D. Rokicki
Software AG
E. Johnson
TIBCO
October 14, 2008
URI Scheme for Java(tm) Message Service 1.0
draft-merrick-jms-uri-04
Status of this Memo
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Abstract
This document defines the format of Uniform Resource Identifiers
(URI) as defined in [RFC3986], for designating connections and
destination addresses used in the Java(tm) Messaging Service (JMS)
[REF-JMS]. It was originally designed for particular uses, but
should have general applicability wherever a JMS URI is needed to
describe the connection to a JMS provider, and access to a JMS
destination. The syntax of this 'jms' URI is not compatible with any
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known current vendor implementation, but the expressivity of the
format should permit all vendors to use it.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. URI Scheme Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Syntax of a jms URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. URI scheme semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. Shared Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. JNDI Variant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.3. Vendor Destination Names - Variants "queue" And "topic" . 8
4.4. Custom parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. Encoding considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. Applications/protocols that use the JMS URI scheme name . . . 10
7. Interoperability considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8.1. Reliability and Consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8.2. Malicious Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.3. Back-end Transcoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.4. Semantic Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.5. Other Security Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
11. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 17
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1. Introduction
The "jms" URI scheme is used to designate a javax.jms.Destination
object and an associated javax.jms.ConnectionFactory object, and
optionally provide additional information concerning the way that the
Destination object is to be used. Probably the most common, and
certainly the most compatible way in Java to retrieve such
destinations, is via Java Naming and Directory Information (JNDI)
[REF-JNDI] methods. So as to extend compatibility to existing vendor
mechanisms beyond JNDI lookup, the "jms" URI syntax allows variants
on the core syntax. The variant exists as an explicit part of the
syntax so that tools that are otherwise unfamiliar with the variant
can recognize the presence of a URI with an alternate interpretation.
In its simplest and most interoperable form, this URI scheme starts
with "jms:jndi:" plus a JNDI name for a Destination. Since
interaction with some resources may require JNDI contextual
information or JMS headers and properties to be specified as well,
the "jndi" variant of the "jms" URI scheme includes support for
supplying this additional JNDI information as query parameters.
While the "jndi" variant provides compatibility, vendors may define
additional variants. This specification defines three variants,
"jndi", "queue", and "topic".
1.1. Requirements notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
All syntax descriptions use the ABNF specified by [RFC5234],
Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF.
2. URI Scheme Name
The name of the URI scheme is 'jms'.
3. Syntax of a jms URI
The following ABNF describes the jms scheme URI syntax:
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jms-uri = "jms:" jms-variant ":" jms-dest
[ "?" param *( "&" param ) ]
jms-variant = segment-nz-nc
jms-dest = path-rootless ; specific meaning per variant
param = param-name "=" param-value
param-name = 1*(unreserved / pct-encoded)
param-value = *(unreserved / pct-encoded)
segment-nz-nc = <as defined in RFC 3986>
path-rootless = <as defined in RFC 3986>
unreserved = <as defined in RFC 3986>
pct-encoded = <as defined in RFC 3986>
4. URI scheme semantics
JMS URI schemes are used to locate JMS Destination resources and do
not specify actions to be taken on those resources. Operations
available on JMS destinations are fully and normatively defined by
the JMS specification and as such, are out of scope for this URI
specification.
The required particles in the JMS URI are the scheme name ("jms"),
the variant identifier, and the "jms-dest" portions. The three
recognized variants (jms-variant above) are "jndi", "queue", and
"topic". The "jms-dest" portion identifies the JMS destination
object in a way that is determined by the particular variant.
Each variant may have query parameters specific to that variation.
All such parameters that cannot be shared across schemes should use
the name of the variant as the prefix to the parameters. Parameters
that apply across multiple variants, perhaps because they are
generally applicable, such as JMS settings, should not have any
particular prefix, and should not begin with any known prefix. This
latter convention enables tools that are otherwise unfamiliar with a
particular variant to recognize that a particular URI includes
parameters specific to that variant.
Examples of the URI scheme include:
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jms:jndi:SomeJndiNameForDestination?jndiInitialContextFactory=
com.example.jndi.JndiFactory&priority=3
jms:queue:ExampleQueueName?timeToLive=1000
4.1. Shared Parameters
In addition to the required particles, the jms URI scheme supports
the following "shared" parameters, which may be included as
parameters in any order (following the '?' parameter-start indicator,
and separated by '&'). This pattern is consistent with other non-
hierarchical URI specifications.
4.1.1. deliveryMode
Indicates whether the request message is persistent or not. This
property corresponds to the JMS message header "JMSDeliveryMode"
defined in section 3.4.2. of the JMS 1.1 specification. This may be
"PERSISTENT" or "NON_PERSISTENT". If this parameter is not specified
then the JMS default SHOULD be used.
4.1.2. timeToLive
The lifetime, in milliseconds, of the request message. This property
corresponds to the JMS Time-To-Live value defined in section 4.8 of
the JMS 1.1 specification. If this parameter is not specified then
the JMS default SHOULD be used.
4.1.3. priority
The JMS priority associated with the request message. As per section
3.4.10 of the JMS 1.1 specification this must be a number between 0
and 9, inclusive, and corresponds to the JMS message header field
"JMSPriority". If this parameter is not specified then the JMS
default SHOULD be used.
4.1.4. replyToName
This property corresponds to the JMS message header "JMSReplyTo"
defined in section 3.4.6 of the JMS 1.1 specification. Specifies the
JMS destination object to which a response message should be sent in
a way that is determined by the particular variant.
4.2. JNDI Variant
The "jndi" variant implies the use of JNDI for discovering the
Destination object. When this is specified as the variant, the jms-
dest portion of the syntax is the name for JNDI lookup purposes.
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Additional JNDI specific parameters may be specified. The JNDI
specific parameters SHOULD only be processed when the URI variant is
"jndi".
4.2.1. JNDI Parameters
4.2.1.1. jndiConnectionFactoryName
Specifies the JNDI name of the Java class providing the connection
factory.
4.2.1.2. jndiInitialContextFactory
Specifies the fully qualified Java class name of the
"InitialContextFactory" implementation class to use.
4.2.1.3. jndiURL
Specifies the JNDI provider URL, in a form consistent with
javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getURLContext(String scheme, Hashtable
environment) as defined in the JNDI specification.
4.2.2. Performing a JNDI Look-up
To perform a look-up based on a JNDI variant URI an application must
create a JNDI InitialContext object. The InitialContext object can
then be used to look up the JMS ConnectionFactory object (using the
"jndiConnectionFactoryName" URI parameter); the target JMS
Destination object (using the "jms-dest" portion of the JMS URI); and
the "replyToName" JMS Destination object (if the "replyToName"
parameter is specified on the URI).
The application creates the InitialContext object by first setting up
two properties: "Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY", with the value of
the jndiInitialContextFactory JMS URI parameter; and
"Context.PROVIDER_URL", with the value of the jndiURL URI parameter,
and then passing the two properties to the InitialContext
constructor.
To locate a connection factory or destination object, the application
passes the name of the object into the InitialContext.lookup()
method.
For example, the JMS URI...
jms:jndi:REQ_QUEUE?jndiURL=file:/C:/JMSAdmin
&jndiInitialContextFactory=com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory
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&jndiConnectionFactoryName=CONNFACT
&replyToName=RESP_QUEUE
...would be used by the following (non-normative) code sample to
locate and retrieve a JMS ConnectionFactory called "CONNFACT", and
JMS Destinations called "REQ_QUEUE" and "RESP_QUEUE", from a file
system JNDI context called "c:/JMSAdmin".
/*
* Preconditions on URI:
* - portion "jms-dest" has been parsed into variable "jms_dest"
* - parameters "jndiConnectionFactoryName",
* "jndiInitialContextFactory", "replyToName" and "jndiURL" have
* been parsed into variables of the same name
*/
Hashtable environment = new Hashtable();
environment.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
jndiInitialContextFactory);
environment.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, jndiURL);
/*
* Create File System Initial Context
*/
Context ctx = new InitialContext(environment);
/*
* Now get the JMS ConnectionFactory and Destination. These will be
* used later on in the application to create the JMS Connection and
* send / receive messages
*/
ConnectionFactory jmsConnFact = (ConnectionFactory)
ctx.lookup(jndiConnectionFactoryName);
Destination requestDest = (Destination) ctx.lookup(jms_dest);
Destination replyDest = (Destination) ctx.lookup(replyToName);
The ConnectionFactory is used to create a Connection, which itself is
used to create a Session. The session can then be used to create the
MessageProducer - which sends messages to the target destination, and
the MessageConsumer which receives messages from the replyToName
destination (as shown in the following code extract)
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/*
* Create a producer to send a message to the request destination
* that was specified in the URI, then create the message, setting
* the replyToName destination in the message to the one specified
* in the URI, and send it.
*/
MessageProducer producer = sess.createProducer(requestDest);
BytesMessage reqMsg = sess.createBytesMessage();
reqMsg.setJMSReplyTo(replyDest);
producer.send(reqMsg);
/*
* Create a consumer to get a message from the replyToName
* destination using a selector to get the specific response to this
* request. The responder must set the correlation ID of the response
* to the message ID of the request message
*/
MessageConsumer consumer = sess.createConsumer(replyDest,
"JMSCorrelationID = '" + reqMsg.getJMSMessageID() + "'");
Message respMsg = (Message) consumer.receive(300000);
4.3. Vendor Destination Names - Variants "queue" And "topic"
The JMS Session object provides a means to directly access queues and
topics. Specifically, it has the methods Session.createQueue(String
name), and Session.createTopic(String name). These methods can be
used to "create" the Java representation of an existing JMS Topic or
Queue.
Since the Session interface requires external knowledge about whether
a given name relates to a queue or topic, rather than introducing one
new variant, this section defines two variants. A JMS URI can
indicate which of these methods to use by specifying the appropriate
variant - either "queue" or "topic". For example:
jms:queue:ExampleQueueName
to identify a JMS queue Destination, and
jms:topic:ExampleTopicName
to identify a JMS topic Destination.
JMS only specifies one way to obtain the names used by these APIs.
With a JMS Queue or Topic available, an implementation can call
Queue.getQueueName(), or Topic.getTopicName(), respectively, both of
which return a String object. To create a correct corresponding URI,
the resulting string must use standard URI escape mechanisms so that
the resulting characters conform to "jms-dest".
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4.3.1. Treatment of replyToName parameter
When used with the "queue" and "topic" variants, the replyToName
parameter, specified in section 4.1.4, always refers to a name of a
JMS queue to look up via the Session.createQueue() method. For
either variant, if a JMS topic is instead required as a response
destination, a JMS URI can emply the "topicReplyToName" parameter.
This parameter defines a name to look up with the
Session.createTopic() method.
A JMS URI MUST NOT specify both a "topicReplyToName" and a
"replyToName" paramter.
4.3.2. Obtaining a Session via JNDI
Using the Session.createQueue(), and Session.createTopic() methods
assumes that a client program has already obtained a Session object.
Where does that Session object come from - how does a client get it?
One way to get a Session object is to simply revert to using JNDI.
That is, if a Session is not available to client from some other
context, the "queue" and "topic" variants MAY reuse the URL
parameters specified in section 4.2.1, JNDI Parameters. Via JNDI,
those parameters will identify a ConnectionFactory, which can then be
used to obtain a Session object.
Combining the "queue" and "topic" variants with JNDI lookup for an
implementation of ConnectionFactory raises an important consideration
for JMS URI clients. Once clients are using JNDI for one part of
discovering a Destination, they almost certainly could use a vendor-
neutral JNDI lookup for a Destination object, rather than a vendor-
specific means. As a result, clients should carefully consider
alternatives to this approach.
4.3.3. Limitations of "queue" and "topic"
The JMS specification clearly identifies the two methods on the
Session interface as returning vendor specific names for
destinations. Consequently, users of the JMS URI scheme should
carefully consider when these two variants should be applied. If
users plan switching between JMS vendors, they should also plan on
regenerating resources that contain URIs in this vendor specific
form.
A JMS vendor may provide alternate ways to obtain the names that can
be passed to Session.createQueue(), and Session.createTopic(). When
using those alternate means, users of this URI specification should
verify that the obtained names work as expected in all circumstances.
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4.4. Custom parameters
The set of parameters is extensible. Any other vendor- or
application-defined parameter may be supplied, in the URI, by passing
it as "param-name=param-value" just like the set of well-known
parameters.
_Warning_: Vendors and applications MUST NOT include sensitive
information (such as authorization tokens) in a URI. Other means of
authorization, authentication, and identification should be used.
Also see the security discussion below about properties that may be
duplicated as JMS message properties.
5. Encoding considerations
The jms URI scheme distinguishes between "unreserved" characters and
"pct-encoded" characters, as defined in [RFC3986]. Apart from these
encoding considerations, the characters '?' and '&' MUST be encoded
when they appear within the "jms-dest" particle (for example, a JNDI
name) or in query parameters. The character ':' SHOULD be escaped,
when appearing in the "jms-dest" portion of the syntax.
Conversions to and from IRIs should follow the rules of RFC 3987,
sections 3.1 and 3.2. As per sections 1.2c and 6.4 of [RFC3987], all
parts of the jms URI MUST use the UTF-8 encoding when converting to
and from IRI format.
6. Applications/protocols that use the JMS URI scheme name
A variety of vendors provide implementations of the JMS Service
Provider Interface. These products interoperate at the API level, in
the Java programming language.
Some vendors have provided additional products which interoperate
with their own SPI implementations. These extensions may also be
able to make use of this URI scheme.
The vendors working on this URI scheme are also working on a
specification for carrying SOAP messages over their respective
implementations of JMS [REF-SOAPJMS]. In addition, the Service
Component Architecture Bindings TC [1] at OASIS will employ the jms
URI scheme to identify JMS Destinations in appropriate circumstances.
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7. Interoperability considerations
This jms URI scheme focuses on identifying a JMS Destination object,
and some characteristics of communication using that Destination, and
specifically excludes any notion of describing how JMS itself is
implemented and how it delivers messages. As a consequence of this
focus, interoperability concerns are limited to how implementations
obtain and use a Destination object.
This scheme definition describes two variants for obtaining a
Destination. These variants achieve their aims with the use of JNDI
and JMS APIs, with no new APIs or protocols defined here. As a
consequence, interoperability concerns may arise as a result of
implementations that do not conform to the specifications for those
APIs. Further, the use of Java, and JNDI in particular, means that
the configuration of the execution environment, and the use of Java
ClassLoaders may affect the interpretation of any given URI.
Consumers of these URIs are urged to consider the scope and
consistency of the environment across which these URIs will be
shared.
As described in Section 4, others can define additional variants,
which provide the means to describe how to look up JMS Destination
objects in a manner specific to some environment. For any new
variant, the shared parameters defined in Section 4.1 MUST have the
same meaning in that variant as they do here. That way, tools and
people can safely copy these parameters between environments.
Customers should be aware that use of variants not defined here may
make it more difficult to switch to an alternate JMS provider.
8. Security Considerations
Section 7 of [RFC3986] identifies some of the security concerns that
should be identified in this specification.
8.1. Reliability and Consistency
This specification identifies only the variant ("jms-variant") and
variant specific details ("jms-dest") as an essential part of the
URI. For reliability and consistency purposes, these are the only
part that can reasonably be expected to be stable. Other optional
JMS configuration and message properties, indicated as URI
parameters, like the "timeToLive", may reasonably be determined by
the sender of a message, without affecting the recipient. Insofar as
a recipient may wish to dictate certain parameters, such as the
"jndiConnectionFactoryName", those parameters can be specified.
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8.2. Malicious Construction
8.2.1. Recipient Concerns
A malicious consumer of a service using a JMS URI could send, as part
of a JMS message, a URI with a parameter such as "timeToLive" with a
value specified in the URI that differs from the corresponding JMS
message property ("JMSExpiration" header, in this example). In the
case of such messages with such URIs, recipients are strongly
cautioned to avoid applying processing logic based on particular URI
parameters. Discrepancies in the message could be used to exploit
differences in behavior between the selectors that a JMS-based
application might use to affect which messages it sees, and the
processing of the rest of the application. As defined in this
document, the parameters of concern include:
deliveryMode
timeToLive
priority
Message senders are strongly urged to remove from the URI extra
parameters like the above in environments where the data will be
redundant with information specified elsewhere in the JMS message.
Any use of additional parameters, either as a part of a definition of
a new variant, or for more general use, should also specify whether
those parameters should be removed by a sender as specified here. If
a recipient is aware of the jms URI scheme, and it receives a message
containing a JMS URI, it MUST ignore or discard parameters that it
does not recognize.
8.2.2. Sender Concerns
A third party could intercept and replace a URI containing any of the
JMS/JNDI configuration parameters, such as
"jndiConnectionFactoryName", "jndiInitialContextFactory", "jndiURL".
As these parameters may affect how an implementation establishes an
initial connection, such parameters could be used as a means to
subvert communications. This could possibly result in re-routing
communications to third-parties, who could then monitor sent
messages. Clients should use these URI parameters only when assured
of their validity in trusted environments.
8.3. Back-end Transcoding
This specification, in using the URI specification, and building
around the JMS specification, has no particular transcoding issues.
Any such issues are problems with the underlying implementation of
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Java and Java Messaging Service being employed.
8.4. Semantic Attacks
A possible semantic attack on the "jndi" variant could be
accomplished by replacing characters of the JMS URI from one language
with equivalent looking characters from another language, known as an
"IDN homograph attack" (IDN) [REF-Homograph]. This kind of attack
could occur in a variety of ways. For example, if an environment
allows for the automatic registration of JNDI destination names, a
malicious actor could register and then publicize an alternate of an
existing destination name. Such an environment ought to prevent the
use of homograph equivalents, perhaps by restricting allowed
characters, so that clients do not accidentally send their requests
to unintended destinations.
The "queue" and "topic" variants are subject to the same concerns as
the JNDI variant. In addition, because the destination names are
vendor defined, URIs employing these two variants may employ special
characters that significantly change the meaning of the URI. It is
possible that the introduction of a single character - difficult for
a human to notice - might dramatically change the intended meaning of
a URI. In situations where this might be an issue, users of this URI
should strongly consider the "jndi" variant instead.
8.5. Other Security Concerns
This specification does not define or anticipate any use for IP
addresses as part of the URI, so no issues around IP addresses, rare
or otherwise, are raised by this specification.
This specification does not define any characteristics of a jms
scheme URI that contain sensitive information.
9. IANA Considerations
The IANA is asked to register the Java Message Service URI scheme
described in this document, according to the following scheme
registration request:
o URI scheme name: jms
o Status: Permanent
o URI scheme syntax: See Section 3
o URI scheme semantics: See Section 4
o Encoding considerations: See Section 5
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o Applications/protocols that use this URI scheme name: See
Section 6
o Interoperability considerations: See Section 7
o Security considerations: See Section 8
o Contact: See Authors section
o References: See References section
10. Contributors
The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of:
Phil Adams - International Business Machines Corporation -
phil_adams@us.ibm.com
Glen Daniels - WSO2 - glen@wso2.com
Peter Easton - Progress Software - peaston@progress.com
Tim Frank - Software AG. - tim.frank@softwareag.com
Lei Jin - BEA Systems, Inc. - ljin@bea.com
Eric Johnson - TIBCO Software Inc. - eric@tibco.com
Vinod Kumar - BEA Systems, Inc. - vkumar@bea.com
Amelia A. Lewis - TIBCO Software Inc. - alewis@tibco.com
Roland Merrick - International Business Machines Corporation -
roland@uk.ibm.com
Mark Phillips - International Business Machines Corporation -
m8philli@uk.ibm.com
Derek Rokicki - Software AG. - derek.rokicki@softwareag.com
Stephen Todd - International Business Machines Corporation -
stephen_todd@uk.ibm.com
Dongbo Xiao - BEA Systems, Inc. - xiaod@bea.com
Prasad Yendluri - Software AG - prasad.yendluri@softwareag.com
11. Acknowledgements
Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun
Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.
This document was produced using the xml2rfc tool [RFC2629].
12. References
12.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
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RFC 3986, January 2005.
[RFC3987] Duerst, M. and M. Suignard, "Internationalized Resource
Identifiers (IRIs)", RFC 3987, January 2005.
[RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.
12.2. Informative References
[REF-Homograph]
Unknown, "IDN Homograph attack", any 2005-2006,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDN_homograph_attack>.
[REF-JMS] Hapner, M., Burridge, R., Sharma, R., Fialli, J., and K.
Stout, "Java Message Service (JMS)", April 2002,
<http://java.sun.com/products/jms/>.
[REF-JNDI]
Sun Microsystems, Inc., "Java Naming and Directory
Interface Application Programming Interface", July 1999,
<http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/docs.html>.
[REF-SOAPJMS]
Daniels, G., Easton, P., Frank, T., Johnson, E., Lewis,
A., Merrick, R., Phillips, M., and D. Xiao, "SOAP over
JMS", October 2007,
<http://www.w3.org/Submission/SOAPJMS/>.
[RFC2629] Rose, M., "Writing I-Ds and RFCs using XML", RFC 2629,
June 1999.
URIs
[1] <http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/
tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=sca-bindings>
Authors' Addresses
Roland Merrick
International Business Machines Corporation
PO Box 31, Birmingham Road
Warwick, CV34 5JL
United Kingdom
Email: roland@uk.ibm.com
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Peter Easton
Progress Software Corporation
14 Oak Park Drive
Bedford, MA 01730
United States
Email: peaston@progress.com
Derek Rokicki
Software AG.
11700 Plaza America Drive
Reston VA 20190
United States
Email: derek.rokicki@softwareag.com
Eric Johnson
TIBCO Software Inc.
3303 Hillview Avenue
Palo Alto CA 94304
United States
Email: eric@tibco.com
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