LISP Working Group S. Barkai
Internet-Draft B. Fernandez-Ruiz
Intended status: Informational R. Tamir
Expires: September 10, 2022 Nexar Inc.
A. Rodriguez-Natal
F. Maino
Cisco Systems
A. Cabellos-Aparicio
J. Paillisse Vilanova
Technical University of Catalonia
D. Farinacci
lispers.net
June 16, 2022
Network-Hexagons: Geolocation Mobility Edge Network Based On LISP
draft-ietf-lisp-nexagon-33
Abstract
Geolocation-Services aggregate data uploaded from vehicles in edge
compute locations and process it to verified, localized, geospatial
detection-channels. Channels' updates are used by mobility clients
for crowed-sourced dynamic mapping and driving applications.
Geolocation Services are broken to shards (areas), each one delegated
dynamically to compute locations per road activity. This dynamics
combined with clients' IP Anchor dynamics causes coherency, context-
switching, geo-privacy, and service continuity key issues.
Key issues are resolved using dataflow virtualization, an inline
indirection between mobility clients and Geolocation Services.
LISP overlay network-virtualization offers a fully distributed
dataflow virtualization at the edge networking level. Geolocation
mobility-network based on LISP is described in this informational.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 10, 2022.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Deployment Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Mobility Clients-Services Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. Mobility Unicast and Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1. Introduction
Geolocation-Services aggregate data uploaded from vehicles in edge
compute locations and process it to verified, localized, geospatial
detection-channels. Channels' updates are used by mobility clients
for crowed-sourced dynamic mapping and driving applications.
Geolocation Services are broken to shards (areas) along formal
geospatial grid lines. These shards are delegated dynamically to
compute locations per road activity in the geospatial area marked by
the shard grid lines. This dynamics combined with clients IP Anchors
dynamics causes key issues:
- Coherency of (moving) Geolocation IPs cached in driving clients
- Context-switching between Geolocation shards by driving clients
- Geo-privacy of clients interacting with Geolocation while driving
- Channel continuity of clients switching IP Anchors while driving
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Resolving these key-issues is achievable by dataflow virtualization,
e.g. addressable inline indirection between clients and services.
Address virtualization is at the basis of this specification:
- Algorithmic services addressing based on geospatial grid identifiers
- Algorithmic clients addressing based on an authorization procedure
Virtual addressing: LISP routable Endpoint Identifiers (EID).
Address virtualization applied to Geolocation components:
- Addressable queues for uploads from mobility clients in vehicles
- Addressable detection channels subscribed to by mobility clients
In addition to queues and channels Geolocations Services schematics
includes also state and functions. Functions are assumed to be readily
available in all edge compute locations, transient state regenerates.
___
/ \
Addressable >> States >> Addressable
Upload Queues \ ___ / Channels
/\ F1()...Fn() \/
Figure 1: Geolocation schematics: queues, channels, states, functions
Dataflow virtualization based on LISP EIDs includes:
- EID addressing of Geolocation queues based on grid identifiers
- EID addressing of detection channels, Geolocation sources & topics
- EID addressing of mobility clients, assigned-renewed periodically
Services EIDs enable portability of Geolocation queues and channels,
client EIDs enable channel subscription service continuity, as example
when mobile carriers are switched for reception or data plan reasons.
Client EIDs are ephemeral and make it difficult for mobility service
providers to track clients.
These mobility EIDs, geospatial for services, temporary for clients,
allow for dynamic and portable service allocation, algorithmic context
switching between shards while driving, subscription continuity, and
protection of IP geo-privacy of mobility clients.
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Note 1: The breakdown of Geolocations Services to area-shards is done
based on geospatial grid lines known to both mobility clients and
Geolocation Services. We use H3 [H3] hierarchical hexagonal grid
because of its clear shard adjacency properties. Each grid-tile
in each resolution has a unique 64bit identifier (HID). HIDs are
mapped to EIDs algorithmically. In addition to shards, the same grid
at higher resolution (smaller tiles) is used to localize detections.
We refer to h3.rB as the lower resolution shard big tile, and h3.rS as
the detection higher resolution small tile.
Mappings: GPS => h3.rS => H3.rB => EID are therefore algorithmic.
Sizeof (h3.rB) / Sizeof (h3.rS) x density-factor / MTU ~ number of
messages to convey shard (big tile) state-snapshot (small tiles).
Off-Peak Hexagon Shards
Packed on less compute
_ _ _ _
/ \/ \ / \/ \ ----
\_/\_/ \_/\_/ ---- Peak Geolocation Allocation
/ \/ \ / \/ \ ---- Same hexagonal shards spread on more compute
\_/\_/ \_/\_/ ---- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \/ \ / \/ \ ---- / \/ \ / \/ \ / \/ \ / \/ \ ----
\_/\_/ \_/\_/ ---- \_/\_/ \_/\_/ \_/\_/ \_/\_/ ----
/ \/ \ / \/ \ ---- / \/ \ / \/ \ / \/ \ / \/ \ ----
\_/\_/ \_/\_/ ---- \_/\_/ \_/\_/ \_/\_/ \_/\_/ ----
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Site Site Standby Site Site Site Site Standby
Figure 2: Geolocation dynamic allocation per geospatial activity
Note 2: LISP solution for dataflow virtualization is an application
network. In order for clients and services to use it there needs to be
a formal provisioning step. For the clients this step will require
Authentication Authorization and Accounting (AAA) procedure by which
clients are assigned and renew EIDs and XTRs to be used to interact
with services. This process may be done in various vendor specific
methods, in this document we use a Diameter[RFC6733] AAA service, this
is meant as life-cycle example in heterogeneous mobility eco-systems.
Note 3: In order to make the notion of geospatial detection concrete,
we add to the 64bit HID of "where" is a detection, 64bit of "what" is
the detection. These 64bits are detailed in a bit-mask of possible
detections based on a taxonomy defined by Berkeley Deep Drive (BDD)
consortium [BDD]. It is meant as an immediate interoperable baseline
that can be extended in additional standard or vendor specifications.
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2. Definition of Terms
Based on [I-D.ietf-lisp-rfc6830bis][I-D.ietf-lisp-rfc6833bis]
H3ServiceEID: Is an EID addressable Geolocation Service shard.
It is a designated destination for geospatial detections,
and an (S,G) source of multicast of themed detection channels.
It has a light-weight LISP protocol stack to tunnel packets
via ServerXTR. The EID is IPv6 and contains HID in the lower bits.
ServerXTR: Is a data-plane only LISP protocol stack implementation, it
is co-located with H3ServiceEID process. ServerXTR encapsulates and
decapsulates packets to and from EdgeRTRs.
MobilityClient: Is an application that may be a part of a vehicle
system, part of a navigation application, gov-muni application etc.
It has light-weight LISP data-plane stack to packets via ClientXTR.
MobilityClientEID: Is the IPv6 EID used by the Mobility Clients.
The destination of such packets are H3ServiceEIDs. The EID format
is assigned as part of the MobilityClient mobility-network AAA.
ClientXTR: Is a data-plane only LISP protocol stack implementation
co-located with the Mobility Client application. It encapsulates
and decapsulates packets to and from EdgeRTRs.
EdgeRTR: EdgeRTR network connect MobilityClients H3ServiceEIDs.
They also manage MobilityClients multicast registrations [RFC8378].
EdgeRTRs aggregate MobilityClients/H3Services using tunnels to
facilitate hosting-providers and mobile-providers for accessing the
mobility-network. EdgeRTRs decapsulate packets from ClientXTRs,
ServerXTRs and re-encapsulates packets to clients and servers via
tunnels. EdgeRTRs glean H3ServiceEIDs and MobilityClient EIDs when
they decapsulates packets. EdgeRTRs store H3ServiceEIDs and route-
locations (RLOC) of where the H3ServiceEID is currently using
map-cache. Mappings are registered to the LISP mapping system
[I-D.ietf-lisp-rfc6833bis].These mappings may be provisioned
when H3Services are assigned EdgeRTRs. EdgeRTRs do not register
MobilityClients' EIDs. Enterprises may provide their own EdgeRTRs
to protect geo-privacy.
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h3.rB routed-shards grid tiles
___ ___
H3ServiceEIDs ___ / \ H3ServiceEIDs ___ / \
___ / | h3.rB | ___ / | h3.rB |
/ | h3.rB \ ___ / / | h3.rB \ ___ /
| h3.rB \ ___ / sXTR | h3.rB \ ___ / sXTR
\ ___ / sXTR || \ ___ / sXTR ||
sXTR || || sXTR || ||
|| || || || || ||
|| || || || || ||
= = = = = = EdgeRTR EdgeRTR = = = = =
|| (( () )) ||
( Network Hexagons )
( Mobility Network )
( For Geolocation )
(( Based on LISP )
|| (( (()) () ||
|| ||
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
|| ||
EdgeRTR EdgeRTR
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
((((|)))) ((((|)))) ((((|)))) ((((|))))
/|\ RAN /|\ /|\ RAN /|\
|| ||
|| ||
Uploads Upstream ||
Channels Downstream ||
|| ___ ___ ___ ||
|| << movment << / \/ \/ \<<cXTR::MobilityClientB
|| - - - - - - - - h3.rS h3.rS h3.rS - - - - - - - - - - - -
MobilityClientA::cXTR >> \ ___ /\ ___ / >> movement >> .......
Figure 3: Geolocation clients and services interaction layout
Figure 3 above describes:
- MobilityClientA detections used by MobilityClientB, and vice versa
- Clients: share information via HID=>EID Geolocation Service
- ClientXTR (cXTR): encapsulates packets over access to EdgeRTR
- ServerXTR (sXTR): encapsulates packets over edge to EdgeRTR
- Uploads: routed to appropriate Geolocation Service by EdgeRTRs
- Channels: originate from Geolocation Services replicated by EdgeRTRs
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3. Deployment Assumptions
I. We assume detections can be localized to h3.rS tiles and can be
enumerated. Compact detection enumeration format is described bellow:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|-0-|-1-|-2-|-3-|-4-|-5-|-6-|-7-|-8-|-9-|-A-|-B-|-C-|-D-|-E-|-F-|
|012301230123012301230123 Index 01230123012301230123012301230123
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 4: Nibble based compact representation of tile detection state
State is 16 fields x 16 enumerations. Nibbles are named using
hexadecimal index according to the position where the most significant
nibble has index 0. Values based on (BDD) are defined in section 8.
II. Authorization of MobilityClients to mobility-network is renewed
while driving. DNS/AAA procedure described bellow can be used to
as example to obtain EIDs/EdgeRTRs, enabling use of the network.
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Diameter [RFC6733] based AAA can be used to accommodate many types
of mobility clients in a rich eco-system: vehicle systems, driving
and navigation applications, smart-city and consumer applications.
Example procedure for ClientXTRs steps to use the mobility-network:
1) obtain the address of the mobility-network AAA using DNS
2) obtain MobilityClientEIDs and EdgeRTRs from AAA procedure
3) renewed periodically from AAA while using the network
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MobilityClient DomainNameServer Diameter-AAA MobilityEdgeRTR
| | | |
| nslookup <www.xxx> | | |
|------------------->| | |
|<-------------------| | |
| Mobility AAA IP | | |
| [RFC6733] | | |
| AAR(AVP:IMSI/User/Password/Toyota) | |
|--------------------------------------->| [RFC6733] |
| | | ACR(AVP ClientEID)|
| | |------------------>|
| | |<------------------|
| | | ACA(AVP ClientEID)|
| AAA (ClientEID,EdgeRTR::RLOC) | |
|<---------------------------------------| |
| | | |
. .
. Upload and subscribe to Geolocation Services .
. .
| |
|----------------------------------------------------------->|
. .
. .
|<-----------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. Signal freeing multicast Updates from H3ServiceEID .
. .
| | | |
| AAR(temporary) | |
|--------------------------------------->| ACR (temporary) |
| | |------------------>|
| | |<------------------|
| | | ACA (temporary) |
|<---------------------------------------| |
| AAA (temporary) | |
Figure 5: Example DNS and AAA Exchange for mobility-network usage
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4. Mobility Clients-Services Networking
The mobility-network functions as a standard LISP overlay.
The overlay delivers unicast and multicast packets across:
- multiple access-networks access-providers and technologies
- multiple cloud, edge and metro-area network providers
We use data-plane XTRs in the stack of each mobility client/server.
ClientXTRs and ServerXTRs are associated with EdgeRTRs.
This structure allows for MobilityClients to "show up" at any of
mobility-network location behind any network provider or network
address translation domain. It allows for any H3ServiceEID to be
instantiated, delegated, or failed-over to any compute location.
In this specification we assume semi-random association between
ClientXTRs and EdgeRTRs - assigned in the AAA procedure. We assume in
any given metro edge a pool of EdgeRTRs to distribute the Mobility
Clients load. We assume EdgeRTRs are topologically equivalent.
Each EdgeRTR uses LISP to tunnel traffic to and from other EdgeRTRs.
MobilityClient == ClientXTR ClientXTR == MobilityClient
(Encryption and Decryption) || || (Encryption and Decryption)
|| ||
Mobility-network of EdgeRTRs
|| ||
(Encryption and Decryption) || || (Encryption and Decryption)
H3ServiceEID == ServerXTR ServerXTR == H3ServiceEID
Figure 6: LISP network connecting MobilityClients and H3ServiceEIDs
Note: there may be more than one ClientEID in the same process using the
same ClientXTR. For example multiple layers of map or heads-up display,
Such vendor specific multiplexing implementation is unspecified here.
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5. Mobility Unicast and Multicast
The day in a life of unicast detection upload:
1. A client detects condition of interest using AI camera
2. The client uses its GPS to establish its h3.rS location
3. It then estimates the h3.rS location of the detection
4. Detection h3.rS is used to calculate h3.rB => H3ServerEID
5. Client sends (encrypted) location-detection via its ClientXTR
Outer Header src/dest: ClientXTR RLOC, EdgeRTR RLOC
Inner Header src/dest: ClientEID, H3ServiceEID
6. EdgeRTR gleans and caches ClientEID and ClientXTR RLOC
7. EdgeRTR resolves RLOC of remote EdgeRTR, and re-tunnels:
Outer Header src/dest: EdgeRTR RLOC, remote EdgeRTR RLOC
Inner Header src/dest: ClientEID, H3ServiceEID
8. Remote EdgeRTR lookups H3ServerEID ServerXTR RLOC, re-tunnels:
Outer Header src/dest: EdgeRTR RLOC, ServerXTR RLOC
Inner Header src/dest: ClientEID, H3ServiceEID
9. ServerXTR delivers ClientEID message to H3ServiceEID
The detection message headers consist of the following fields:
- Outer headers size = 40 (IPv6) + 8 (UDP) + 8 (LISP) = 56
- Inner headers size = 40 (IPv6) + 8 (UDP) + 4 (Nexagon Header) = 52
- 1500 (MTU) - 56 - 52 = 1392 bytes of effective payload size
Nexagon Header allows for key-value (kv) tuples or value-key,key
..(vkkk) using the same formats of key and value outlined bellow
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+\
| Type |gzip | Reserved | Pair Count = X|Nexagon
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+/
Figure 7: Nexagon header format
Nexagon Header Type 0:reserved (*)
Type 1:key-value, key-value.. 1392 / (8 + 8) = 87 pairs
Type 2:value, key,key,key.. (1392 - 8) / 8 = 173 h3.rS IDs
Type 3-255: unassigned
Nexagon Header GZIP field: 0x000 no compression, or (**) GZIP version.
Nexagon Header Reserved bits
Nexagon Header key and value count (in any format kv or vkkk)
(*) Reserved fields are specified as being set to 0 on transmission,
ignored when received.
(**) GZIP refers to entire kv or vkkk payload and major GZIP version,
packets with unsupported GZIP version are dropped
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
|Version| Traffic Class | Flow Label | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | |
+ + |
| | |
+ Source MobilityClientEID + |
| | IPv6
+ + |
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | |
+ + |
| | |
+ Dest H3ServiceEID + |
| | |
+ + |
| | /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = xxxx | \
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ UDP
| UDP Length | UDP Checksum | /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
| Type |gzip | Reserved | Pair Count = X|Nexagon
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ /
| |
+ 64bit h3.rS ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit h3.rS ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 8: Uploaded detections packet format
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Each H3Service is also an IP Multicast Source used to update
subscribers on the state of the h3.rS tiles in the h3.rB area.
We use [RFC8378] signal-free multicast to implement overlay channels.
Mobility-networks have many channels with thousands subscribers each.
MobilityClients driving through/subscribing to an h3.rB area issue
group address report based on any mechanism supported by [RFC8378].
Example report formats are specified in [RFC4604].
Report messages are encapsulated between ClientXTRs and EdgeRTRs.
The day in a life of multicast update:
1. H3ServiceEID determines change or timing requiring an update
2. H3ServiceEID sends (S,G) update message via its ServerXTR
Outer Header src/dest: ServerXTR RLOC, EdgeRTR RLOC
Inner Header (S,G): H3ServerEID, EID chosen for theme
3. EdgeRTR resolves subscribed remote EdgeRTRs, replicates
Outer Header src/dest: EdgeRTR RLOC, remote EdgeRTR RLOC
Inner Header (S,G): H3ServerEID, EID chosen for theme
4. EdgeRTRs lookups subscribed ClientEIDs ClientXTRs RLOCs, replicates
Outer Header src/dest: EdgeRTR RLOC, ClientXTR RLOC
Inner Header (S,G): H3ServerEID, EID chosen for theme
5. ClientXTR delivers multicast channel update message to clientEID
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Multicast update packets are of the following structure:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
|Version| Traffic Class | Flow Label | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | |
+ + |
| | |
+ Source H3ServiceEID + |
| | IPv6
+ + |
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | |
+ + |
| | |
+ Group Address + |
| | |
+ + |
| | /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = xxxx | \
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ UDP
| UDP Length | UDP Checksum | /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
| |Nexagon
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ /
~ Nexagons Payload ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 9: multicast update packet header
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
| Type = 1 |gzip | Reserved | Pair Count = X|Nexagon
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ /
| |
+ 64bit h3.rS ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit h3.rS ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 10: multicast update payload, key-value, key-value..
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
| Type = 2 |gzip | Reserved |H3R15 Count = X|Nexagon
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ /
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit h3.rS ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit h3.rS ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit h3.rS ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 11: multicast update payload, value, key, key.. for larger areas
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6. Security Considerations
The LISP mobility-network is inherently secure and private.
All information is conveyed to clients using provisioned Geolocation
Services. MobilityClients receive information only via geospatial
channels originating at provisioned services, replicated by EdgeRTRs.
MobilityClients have no indication as to the origin of the raw data.
In order to be able to use the mobility-network for a given period,
the mobility clients go through a DNS/AAA stage by which they
obtain their clientEID identifiers-credentials and the RLOCs of
EdgeRTRs they may use as gateways to the network.
This MobilityClient to EdgeRTR interface is the most sensitive from
privacy and security perspective. The traffic on this interface is
tunneled, its content may be encrypted between ClientXTR to EdgeRTR.
Still, the EdgeRTR will know based on headers the client RLOC, and the
h3.rB area a client engages with services about.
Enterprises such as vehicle OEMs or carriers can "bring their own"
EdgeRTRs (BYO_RTR). BYO_RTRs are pre-provisioned to be able to use the
mapping system and are put on the approved list of the other EdgeRTRs.
A carrier offering EdgeRTR services on multiaccess edge compute (MEC)
is optimal for security and also for traffic steering and replication.
Beyond client to EdgeRTR hop, the mapping system does not hold
MobilityClientEIDs, and remote EdgeRTRs are only aware of clients
ephemeral EIDs. When EdgeRTRs register in the mapping for channels,
they do not register which clients use which EdgeRTR.
The H3ServiceEIDs decrypt and parse actual h3.rS detections. They also
consider MobilityClientEID credentials encoded in the client EID and
assigned by the AAA functions. This helps avoid "fake-news", e.g.
poorly made or poorly localized detections.
H3Services are associated with EdgeRTRs, provisioned in the EdgeRTRs
and in the mapping system.
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In summary of main risk mitigations for the lisp mobility-network:
(1) tapping: all communications are through tunnels therefore
may be encrypted using IP-Sec or other supported point to point
underlay standards.
(2) spoofing: it is very hard to guess a MobilityClientEID valid for
a short period of time. Clients and H3Services EIDs are provisioned
in EdgeRTRs, Clients using the AAA procedure, H3Services via dev-ops.
(3) credibility: the interface crowd-sources geo-state and does not
assume to trust single detections. Credit history track to
MobilityClientEIDs by as part of normal H3Services fact checking,
aggregate scores affect AAA credentials.
(4) privacy: Only EdgeRTRs are aware of both clients' RLOC and
geo-location, only AAA is aware of client IDs credentials and credit
but not geo-location. Aggregate credit score span all H3Services
administratively without source.
7. Acknowledgments
We would like to kindly thank Joel Halperin for helping structure the
AAA section and Geo-Privacy provisions, Luigi Lannone for promoting
such LISP Compute First Networking (CFN) use-cases, helping structure
the IANA section, and shepherding this draft to completion. We would
like to thank George Ericson for help clarifying Geolocation Services
terminology through joint work on the AECC specifications and papers,
and Lei Zhong for mobility dataflow virtualization terminology.
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8. IANA Considerations
This section provides guidance to the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA) regarding registration of values related to the LISP
specification, in accordance with BCP 26 [RFC8126].
IANA is asked to create a registry named NEXAGON Parameters.
Such registry should be populated with the following sub registries.
Nexagon Header Bits
+----------+------------------+----------+---------------------------+
| Spec | IANA Name | Bit | Description |
| Name | | Position | |
+----------+------------------+----------+---------------------------+
| Type | nexagon-type | 0-7 | Type of key-value encoding|
| gzip | nexagon-gzip | 8-10 | gzip major version used |
| PairCount| nexagon-paircount| 24-31 | key-value pair count |
+----------+------------------+----------+---------------------------+
State Enumeration Field 0x0: Traffic Direction:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Lane North | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Lane North + 30 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Lane North + 60 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Lane North + 90 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Lane North + 120 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Lane North + 150 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Lane North + 180 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Lane North + 210 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Lane North + 240 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Lane North + 270 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Lane North + 300 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Lane North + 330 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Junction | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Shoulder | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Sidewalk | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x1: Persistent Condition:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Pothole Light | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Pothole Deep | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Speed-bump Low | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Speed-bump High | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Icy | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Flooded | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Snow-cover | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Deep Snow | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Cone | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Gravel | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Choppy | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Blind-Curve | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Steep | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Low-bridge | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Other | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x2: Transient Condition:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Jaywalker | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Bike or Scooter | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Stopped Vehicle | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Moving on Shoulder | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | First Responder | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Sudden Slowdown | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Oversize Vehicle | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Light/Sign Breach | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Collision Light | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Collision Severe | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Collision Debris | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Collision Course | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Vehicle Hard Brake | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Vehicle Sharp Turn | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Freed-up Parking | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x3: Traffic-light Counter:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | 1 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | 2 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | 3 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | 4 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | 5 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | 6 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | 7 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | 8 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | 9 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | 10 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | 20 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | 30 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | 60 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Green Now | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Red Now | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x4: Impacted Tile:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Epicenter | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | 2 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | 3 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | 4 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | 5 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | 6 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | 7 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | 8 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | 9 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | 10 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | 20 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | 30 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | 60 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | <100 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | <200 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x5: Expected Duration:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Next 1 Second | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Next 5 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Next 10 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Next 20 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Next 40 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Next 60 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Next 2 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Next 3 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Next 4 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Next 5 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Next 10 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Next 15 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Next 30 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Next 60 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Next 24 Hours | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x6: Lane Right Sign:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Yield | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Speed Limit | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Straight Only | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | No Straight | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Right Only | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | No Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Left Only | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | No Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Right Straight | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Left Straight | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | No U Turn | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | No Left or U | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Bike Lane | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | HOV Lane | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Stop | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x7: Movement Sign:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Keep Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Keep Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Stay in Lane | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Do Not Enter | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | No Trucks | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | No Bikes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | No Peds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | One Way | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Parking | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | No Parking | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | No Standing | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | No Passing | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Loading Zone | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Rail Crossing | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | School Zone | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x8: Curves & Intersections:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Turns Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Turns Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Curves Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Curves Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Reverses Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Reverses Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Winding Road | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Hair Pin | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Pretzel Turn | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Cross Roads | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Cross T | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Cross Y | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Circle | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Lane Ends | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Road Narrows | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x9: Tile Traffic Speed:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | < 1 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | < 2 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | < 3 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | < 4 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | < 5 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | < 6 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | < 7 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | < 8 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | < 9 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | < 10 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | < 20 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | < 30 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | < 40 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | < 50 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | > 50 m/sec | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0xA: Pedestrian Curb Density:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | 100% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | 95% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | 90% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | 85% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | 80% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | 70% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | 60% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | 50% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | 40% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | 30% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | 20% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | 15% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | 10% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | 5% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | No Peds | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
State enumeration fields 0xB, 0xC, 0xD, 0xE, 0xF, are unassigned.
IANA can assign them on a "First Come First Served" basis
according to [RFC8126].
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9. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-lisp-rfc6830bis]
Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., Lewis, D., and A.
Cabellos-Aparicio, "The Locator/ID Separation Protocol
(LISP)", draft-ietf-lisp-rfc6830bis-38 (work in progress),
May 2020.
[I-D.ietf-lisp-rfc6833bis]
Farinacci, D., Maino, F., Fuller, V., and A. Cabellos,
"Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Control-Plane",
draft-ietf-lisp-rfc6833bis-31 (work in progress), May
2020.
[RFC4604] Holbrook, H., Cain, B., and B. Haberman, "Using Internet
Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and Multicast
Listener Discovery Protocol Version 2 (MLDv2) for Source-
Specific Multicast", RFC 4604, DOI 10.17487/RFC4604,
August 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4604>.
[RFC6733] Fajardo, V., Ed., Arkko, J., Loughney, J., and G. Zorn,
Ed., "Diameter Base Protocol", RFC 6733,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6733, October 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6733>.
[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., Narten, T., "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", RFC8126,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
[RFC8378] Farinacci, D., Moreno, V., "Signal-Free Locator/ID
Separation Protocol (LISP) Multicast", RFC8378,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8378, May 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8378>.
[H3] Uber Technologies Inc. [n.d.]. H3: Ubers Hexagonal
Hierarchical Spatial Index, May 2021,
<https://eng.uber.com/h3>.
[BDD] Fisher Yu, Wenqi Xian, Yingying Chen, Fangchen Liu, Mike
Liao, Vashisht Madhavan, and Trevor Darrell. BDD100K: A
diverse driving video database with scalable annotation
tooling. arXiv:1805.04687, 2018. 2, 3
<https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1805.04687>
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Authors' Addresses
Sharon Barkai
Nexar
CA
USA
Email: sbarkai@gmail.com
Bruno Fernandez-Ruiz
Nexar
London
UK
Email: b@getnexar.com
Rotem Tamir
Nexar
Israel
rotemtamir@getnexar.com
Alberto Rodriguez-Natal
Cisco Systems
170 Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA
USA
Email: natal@cisco.com
Fabio Maino
Cisco Systems
170 Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA
USA
Email: fmaino@cisco.com
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Albert Cabellos-Aparicio
Technical University of Catalonia
Barcelona
Spain
Email: acabello@ac.upc.edu
Jordi Paillisse-Vilanova
Technical University of Catalonia
Barcelona
Spain
Email: jordip@ac.upc.edu
Dino Farinacci
lispers.net
San Jose, CA
USA
Email: farinacci@gmail.com
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