LISP Distinguished Name Encoding
draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-08

Internet Engineering Task Force                             D. Farinacci
Internet-Draft                                               lispers.net
Intended status: Standards Track                            20 June 2024
Expires: 22 December 2024

                    LISP Distinguished Name Encoding
                    draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-08

Abstract

   This draft defines how to use the AFI=17 Distinguished Names in LISP.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 22 December 2024.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components

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   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Distinguished Name Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Mapping System Lookups for Distinguished Name EIDs  . . . . .   4
   5.  Example Use-Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   6.  Name Collision Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   9.  Sample LISP Distinguished Name (DN) Deployment Experience . .   5
     9.1.  DNs to Advertise Specific Device Roles or Functions . . .   5
     9.2.  DNs to Drive xTR On-Boarding Procedures . . . . . . . . .   6
     9.3.  DNs for NAT-Traversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     9.4.  DNs for Self-Documenting RLOC Names . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     9.5.  DNs used as EID Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Appendix B.  Document Change Log  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     B.1.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-08 . . . . . . .   9
     B.2.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-07 . . . . . . .   9
     B.3.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-06 . . . . . . .   9
     B.4.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-05 . . . . . . .  10
     B.5.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-04 . . . . . . .  10
     B.6.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-03 . . . . . . .  10
     B.7.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-02 . . . . . . .  10
     B.8.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-01 . . . . . . .  10
     B.9.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-00 . . . . . . .  10
     B.10. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-15  . . . .  11
     B.11. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-14  . . . .  11
     B.12. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-13  . . . .  11
     B.13. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-12  . . . .  11
     B.14. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-11  . . . .  11
     B.15. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-10  . . . .  11
     B.16. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-09  . . . .  11
     B.17. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-08  . . . .  12
     B.18. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-07  . . . .  12
     B.19. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-06  . . . .  12
     B.20. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-05  . . . .  12
     B.21. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-04  . . . .  12
     B.22. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-03  . . . .  12
     B.23. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-02  . . . .  12

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     B.24. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-01  . . . .  12
     B.25. Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-00  . . . .  13
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13

1.  Introduction

   The LISP architecture and protocols [RFC9300] introduces two new
   numbering spaces, Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs) and Routing Locators
   (RLOCs) which are intended to replace most use of IP addresses on the
   Internet.  To provide flexibility for current and future
   applications, these values can be encoded in LISP control messages
   using a general syntax that includes Address Family Identifier (AFI).

   The length of the value field, which represents the address encoding,
   is implicit in the type of address that follows.  For AFI 17, a
   Distinguished Name can be encoded.  A name can be a variable length
   field so the length cannot be determined solely from the AFI value
   17.  This draft defines a termination character, an 8-bit value of 0
   to be used as a string terminator so the length can be determined.

   LISP Distinguished Names are useful when encoded either in EID-
   Records or RLOC-records in LISP control messages.  As EIDs, they can
   be registered in the mapping system to find resources, services, or
   simply used as a self-documenting feature that accompany other
   address specific EIDs.  As RLOCs, Distinguished Names, along with
   RLOC specific addresses and parameters, can be used as labels to
   identify equipment type, location, or any self-documenting string a
   registering device desires to convey.

2.  Definition of Terms

   Address Family Identifier (AFI):  a term used to describe an address
      encoding in a packet.  An address family currently defined for
      IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.  See [IANA-ADDRESS-FAMILY-REGISTRY] for
      details on other types of information that can be AFI encoded.

3.  Distinguished Name Format

   An AFI=17 Distinguished Name is encoded as:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 17           |       ASCII String ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |               ...  ASCII String             |       0         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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   The string of characters are encoded in the ASCII character-set
   definition [RFC0020].

   When Distinguished Names are encoded for EIDs, the EID-Prefix length
   of the EIDs as they appear in EID-Records for all LISP control
   messages is the length of the string in bits (include the null 0
   byte).  Where Distinguished Names are encoded anywhere else (i.e.
   nested in LCAF encodings), then any length field is the length of the
   ASCII string including the null 0 byte in units of bytes.

4.  Mapping System Lookups for Distinguished Name EIDs

   Distinguished Name EID lookups MUST carry as an EID-Prefix length
   equal to the length of the name string.  This instructs the mapping
   system to do either an exact match or longest match lookup.

   If the Distinguished Name EID is registered with the same length as
   the length in a Map-Request, the Map-Server (when configured for
   proxy Map-Replying) returns an exact match lookup with the same EID-
   Prefix length.  If a less specific name is registered, then the Map-
   Server returns the registered name with the registered EID-Prefix
   length.

   For example, if the registered EID name is "ietf" with EID-prefix
   length of 40 bits (the length of string "ietf" plus the null byte is
   5 bytes), and a Map-Request is received for EID name "ietf.lisp" with
   an EID-prefix length of 80 bits, the Map-Server will return EID
   "ietf" with length of 40 bits.

5.  Example Use-Cases

   This section identifies three specific use-cases examples for the
   Distinguished Name format.  Two are used for an EID encoding and one
   for a RLOC-record encoding.  When storing public keys in the mapping
   system, as in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ecdsa-auth], a well known format for a
   public-key hash can be encoded as a Distinguished Name.  When street
   location to GPS coordinate mappings exist in the mapping system, as
   in [I-D.ietf-lisp-geo], the street location can be a free form ASCII
   representation (with whitespace characters) encoded as a
   Distinguished Name.  An RLOC that describes an xTR behind a NAT
   device can be identified by its router name, as in
   [I-D.farinacci-lisp-lispers-net-nat], uses a Distinguished Name
   encoding.  As well as identifying the router name (neither an EID or
   an RLOC) in NAT Info-Request messages uses Distinguished Name
   encodings after the EID-prefix field of the message.

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6.  Name Collision Considerations

   When a Distinguished Name encoding is used to format an EID, the
   uniqueness and allocation concerns are no different than registering
   IPv4 or IPv6 EIDs to the mapping system.  See [RFC9301] for more
   details.  Also, the use-case documents specified in Section 5 of this
   specification provide allocation recommendations for their specific
   uses.

   It is RECOMMENDED that each use-case register their Distinguish Names
   with a unique Instance-ID.  For any use-cases which require different
   uses for Distinguish Names within an Instance-ID MUST define their
   own Instance-ID and structure syntax for the name registered to the
   Mapping System.  See the encoding procedures in [I-D.ietf-lisp-vpn]
   for an example.

7.  Security Considerations

   There are no security considerations.

8.  IANA Considerations

   The code-point values in this specification are already allocated in
   [IANA-ADDRESS-FAMILY-REGISTRY].

9.  Sample LISP Distinguished Name (DN) Deployment Experience

   Practical implementations of the LISP Distinguished Name
   specification have been running in production networks for some time.
   The following sections provide some examples of its usage and lessons
   gathered out of the experience.

9.1.  DNs to Advertise Specific Device Roles or Functions

   In a practical implementation of
   [I-D.ietf-lisp-site-external-connectivity] on LISP deployments,
   routers running as Proxy-ETRs register their role with the Mapping
   System in order to attract traffic destined for external networks.
   Practical implementations of this functionality make use of a
   Distinguished Name as an EID to identify the Proxy-ETR role in a Map-
   Registration.

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   In this case all Proxy-ETRs supporting this function register a
   common Distinguished Name together with their own offered locator.
   The Mapping-System aggregates the locators received from all Proxy-
   ETRs as a common locator-set that is associated to this DN EID.  The
   Distinguished Name in this case serves as a common reference EID that
   can be requested (or subscribed as per [RFC9437] to dynamically
   gather this Proxy-ETR list as specified in the LISP Site External
   Connectivity document.

   The use of a Distinguished Name in this case provides descriptive
   information about the role being registered and allows the Mapping
   System to form locator-sets associated to specific role.  These
   locator-sets can be distributed on-demand based on using the shared
   DN as EID.  It also allows the network admin and the Mapping System
   to selectively choose what roles and functions can be registered and
   distributed to the rest of the participants in the network.

9.2.  DNs to Drive xTR On-Boarding Procedures

   Following the LISP reliable transport
   [I-D.ietf-lisp-map-server-reliable-transport], ETRs that plan to
   switch to using a reliable transport to hold registrations first need
   to start with traditional UDP registrations.  The UDP registration
   allows the Map-Server to perform basic authentication of the ETR and
   create the necessary state to permit the reliable transport session
   to go through (e.g., establish a passive open of TCP port 4342 and
   add the ETR RLOC to the list allowed to establish a session).

   In the basic implementation of this process, the ETRs need to wait
   until local mappings are available and ready to be registered with
   the Mapping System.  Even more, when the mapping system is
   distributed, the ETR requires to have one specific mapping ready to
   be registered with each one of the relevant Map-Servers.  This
   process may delay the onboarding of ETRs with the Mapping System so
   that they can switch to using a reliable transport.  This can also
   lead to generating unnecessary signaling as a reaction to certain
   triggers like local port flaps and device failures.

   The use of dedicated name registrations allows driving this initial
   ETR on-boarding on the Mapping System as a deterministic process that
   does not depend on the availability of other mappings.  It also
   provides more stability to the reliable transport session to survive
   through transient events.

   In practice, LISP deployments use dedicated Distinguished Names that
   are registered as soon as xTRs come online with all the necessary
   Map-Servers in the Mapping System.  The mapping with the dedicated DN
   together with the RLOCs of each eTR in the locator-set is used to

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   drive the initial UDP registration and also to keep the reliable
   transport state stable through network condition changes.  On the
   Map-Server, these DN registrations facilitate setting up the
   necessary state to onboard new eRs rapidly and in a more
   deterministic manner.

9.3.  DNs for NAT-Traversal

   The open source lispers.net NAT-Traversal implementation
   [I-D.farinacci-lisp-lispers-net-nat] has had 10 years of deployment
   experience using Distinguished Names for documenting xTRs versus RTRs
   as they appear in an locator-set.

9.4.  DNs for Self-Documenting RLOC Names

   The open source lispers.net implementation has had 10 years of self-
   documenting RLOC names in production and pilot environments.  The
   RLOC name is encoded with the RLOC address in Distinguished Name
   format.

9.5.  DNs used as EID Names

   The open source lispers.net implementation has had 10 years of
   deployment experience allowing xTRs to register EIDs as Distinguished
   Names.  The LISP Mapping System can be used as a DNS proxy for Name-
   to-EID-address or Name-to-RLOC-address mappings.  The implementation
   also supports Name-to-Public-Key mappings to provide key management
   features in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ecdsa-auth].

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC0020]  Cerf, V., "ASCII format for network interchange", STD 80,
              RFC 20, DOI 10.17487/RFC0020, October 1969,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc20>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

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   [RFC9300]  Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., Lewis, D., and A.
              Cabellos, Ed., "The Locator/ID Separation Protocol
              (LISP)", RFC 9300, DOI 10.17487/RFC9300, October 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9300>.

   [RFC9301]  Farinacci, D., Maino, F., Fuller, V., and A. Cabellos,
              Ed., "Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Control
              Plane", RFC 9301, DOI 10.17487/RFC9301, October 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9301>.

   [RFC9437]  Rodriguez-Natal, A., Ermagan, V., Cabellos, A., Barkai,
              S., and M. Boucadair, "Publish/Subscribe Functionality for
              the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)", RFC 9437,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9437, August 2023,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9437>.

10.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.farinacci-lisp-lispers-net-nat]
              Farinacci, D., "lispers.net LISP NAT-Traversal
              Implementation Report", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-farinacci-lisp-lispers-net-nat-08, 17 June 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-farinacci-
              lisp-lispers-net-nat-08>.

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-ecdsa-auth]
              Farinacci, D. and E. Nordmark, "LISP Control-Plane ECDSA
              Authentication and Authorization", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lisp-ecdsa-auth-12, 19 February
              2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
              lisp-ecdsa-auth-12>.

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-geo]
              Farinacci, D., "LISP Geo-Coordinate Use-Cases", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lisp-geo-07, 6 June
              2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
              lisp-geo-07>.

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-map-server-reliable-transport]
              Venkatachalapathy, B., Portoles-Comeras, M., Lewis, D.,
              Kouvelas, I., and C. Cassar, "LISP Map Server Reliable
              Transport", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              lisp-map-server-reliable-transport-04, 21 April 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-lisp-
              map-server-reliable-transport-04>.

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   [I-D.ietf-lisp-site-external-connectivity]
              Jain, P., Moreno, V., and S. Hooda, "LISP Site External
              Connectivity", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              ietf-lisp-site-external-connectivity-00, 27 March 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-lisp-
              site-external-connectivity-00>.

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-vpn]
              Moreno, V. and D. Farinacci, "LISP Virtual Private
              Networks (VPNs)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              ietf-lisp-vpn-12, 19 September 2023,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-lisp-
              vpn-12>.

   [IANA-ADDRESS-FAMILY-REGISTRY]
              IANA, "IANA Address Family Numbers Registry",
              https://www.iana.org/assignments/address-family-numbers/,
              December 2023.

Appendix A.  Acknowledgments

   The author would like to thank the LISP WG for their review and
   acceptance of this draft.  And a special thank you goes to Marc
   Portoles for moving this document through the process and providing
   deployment experience samples.

Appendix B.  Document Change Log

B.1.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-08

   *  Submitted June 2024.

   *  Made changes to reflect AD Jim Guichard's comments.

B.2.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-07

   *  Submitted May 2024.

   *  Changed document status to "Proposed Standard" and some rewording
      per Alberto for the pETR use-case section.

B.3.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-06

   *  Submitted April 2024.

   *  Add Deployment Experience section for standards track
      requirements.

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   *  Update references.

B.4.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-05

   *  Submitted December 2023.

   *  Update IANA AFI reference.

B.5.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-04

   *  Submitted December 2023.

   *  More comments from Alberto.  Change to standard spellings
      throughout.

   *  Add RFC 2119 boilerplate.

   *  Update reference RFC1700 to RFC3232.

B.6.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-03

   *  Submitted December 2023.

   *  Address comments from Alberto, document shepherd.

   *  Update references.

B.7.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-02

   *  Submitted August 2023.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

B.8.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-01

   *  Submitted February 2023.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

   *  Change 68**.bis references to proposed RFC references.

B.9.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-name-encoding-00

   *  Submitted August 2022.

   *  Move individual submission to LISP WG document.

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B.10.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-15

   *  Submitted July 2022.

   *  Added more clarity text about how using VPNs (instance-ID
      encoding) addresses name collisions from multiple use-cases.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

B.11.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-14

   *  Submitted May 2022.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

B.12.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-13

   *  Submitted November 2021.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

B.13.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-12

   *  Submitted May 2021.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

B.14.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-11

   *  Submitted November 2020.

   *  Made changes to reflect working group comments.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

B.15.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-10

   *  Submitted August 2020.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

B.16.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-09

   *  Submitted March 2020.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

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B.17.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-08

   *  Submitted September 2019.

   *  Update references and document expiry timer.

B.18.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-07

   *  Submitted March 2019.

   *  Update referenes and document expiry timer.

B.19.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-06

   *  Submitted September 2018.

   *  Update document expiry timer.

B.20.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-05

   *  Submitted March 2018.

   *  Update document expiry timer.

B.21.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-04

   *  Submitted September 2017.

   *  Update document expiry timer.

B.22.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-03

   *  Submitted March 2017.

   *  Update document expiry timer.

B.23.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-02

   *  Submitted October 2016.

   *  Add a comment that the distinguished-name encoding is restricted
      to ASCII character encodings only.

B.24.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-01

   *  Submitted October 2016.

   *  Update document timer.

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B.25.  Changes to draft-farinacci-lisp-name-encoding-00

   *  Initial draft submitted April 2016.

Author's Address

   Dino Farinacci
   lispers.net
   San Jose, CA
   United States of America
   Email: farinacci@gmail.com

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