Terminology for Energy Efficiency Network Management
draft-bclp-green-terminology-01
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draft-bclp-green-terminology-01
GREEN Working Group C. Liu
Internet-Draft Huawei
Intended status: Informational M. Boucadair
Expires: 25 October 2025 Orange
Q. Wu
Huawei
L. M. Contreras
Telefonica
M. Palmero
Cisco
23 April 2025
Terminology for Energy Efficiency Network Management
draft-bclp-green-terminology-01
Abstract
Energy-efficient network management is primary meant to enhance
conventional network management with energy-related management
capabilities to optimize the overall energy consumption at the level
of a network. To that aim, specific features and capabilities are
required to control (and thus optimize) the energy use of involved
network element and their components.
This document is defines a set of key terms used within the IETF when
discussing energy efficiency in network management. Such reference
document helps framing discussion and agreeing upon a set of main
concepts in this area.
Discussion Venues
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this document takes place on the Getting Ready for
Energy-Efficient Networking Working Group mailing list
(green@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/green/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/billwuqin/draft-bclp-green-terminology.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Sample Energy Efficiency Metrics and Measurement Methods . . 5
4.1. Metrics for DSLAM, MSAN, GPON, and GEPON Equipment . . . 6
4.2. Metric for Wireless Access Technologies . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3. Metrics for Routers and Ethernet Switches . . . . . . . . 6
4.4. Metrics for Small Network Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.5. Metric for Power Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.6. Metric for Cooling Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Appendix A. Standards Bodies and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . 9
A.1. ITU-T SG5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
A.2. ETSI TCEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
A.3. 3GPP SA5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Appendix B. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
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1. Introduction
With rising energy costs and increasing awareness of the
environmental impact of running networks, servers, and various
equipment, Energy Efficiency is considered by operators as a critical
component to be integrated in the overall Network Management systems.
Such integration is ambitioned to feed strategies for committing
environmental objectives but also mastering related operational cost.
Energy Efficiency management is thus complementing conventional
network management.
Section 3 defines a set of terms used within the IETF when discussing
Energy-efficiency networks. The purpose is to (1) ensure consistent
use of a set of terms in this area, (2) help with the
characterization of Energy Efficiency (and relevant aspects), (3)
assist in the development of the YANG data models at the different
levels in the IETF, and (4) bring clarity to the Energy Efficiency
related discussions between different groups within IETF, in
particular.
This document does not intend to define a comprehensive list of
energy-related terms. Only key terms are defined. Some of these
terms are extracted from existing IETF documents and beyond.
Also, Section 4 provides an inventory of currently used metrics to
assess/compute energy-related consumption, efficiency ratio, etc.
Appendix A provides a list of SDOs where relevant energy efficiency
effort is ongoing.
2. Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in the document:
CLEE: Component Level Energy Efficiency
DLEE: Device Level Energy Efficiency
DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
EER Energy Efficiency Ratio
GEPON: Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network
GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network
MSAN: Multiservice Access Node
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NDR: None-Drop Rate
NLEE: Network Level Energy Efficiency
PUE: Power Usage Effectiveness
3. Definitions
Terms are listed so that terms that are needed to understand other
terms are listed first.
Energy: Is generally a reference to electrical energy and is
measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) ([RFC7326]).
Power: Refers the time rate at which energy is emitted, transferred,
or received; power is usually expressed in watts (joules per
second) ([RFC7326]).
Energy Management: Is a set of functions for measuring, modeling,
planning, and optimizing networks to ensure that the network and
network-attached devices use energy efficiently and appropriately
for the nature of the application and the cost constraints of the
organization ([RFC7326]).
Energy Monitoring: Is a part of Energy Management that deals with
collecting or reading information from devices to aid in Energy
Management ([RFC7326]).
Energy Control: Is a part of Energy Management that deals with
directing influence over devices ([RFC7326]).
This control can span a network or a subset of it.
Energy Efficiency Network Management: Refers to the ability to
control the use of available energy in an optimized manner (e.g.,
in a resource conserved manner and at low cost) in a network.
Energy Efficiency Metric: Refers to a metric that is used for the
evaluation and assessment of energy consumption of a network,
device, or component. One or more metrics can be defined. These
metrics are also used for network performance purposes to
characterize the effectiveness of an Energy Efficiency management
strategy.
Energy Efficiency/Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER): The energy
efficiency is expressed as the ratio between the useful output and
input of an energy conversion process of a network, device, or
component.
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For instance, in relation with a networking device, it can be
stated as the ratio of total throughput (e.g., of a network
element capacity) to the total power consumed (bits/Joule).
This ratio (i.e., Energy Efficiency Ratio, EER) is the throughput
forwarded by 1 watt (e.g., [I-D.cprjgf-bmwg-powerbench]).
A higher EER indicates a better energy efficiency.
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE): Refer to the metric used to measure
the energy efficiency of an infrastructure.
This metric is calculated as the ratio between the total energy
consumed by an infrastructure and the energy needed for a network
element/component.
Network Level Energy Efficiency (NLEE): Denotes the Energy
Efficiency of an entire network or a subset part of it (e.g.,
access network).
Device Level Energy Efficiency (DLEE): Denotes the Energy Efficiency
of a network element. It can be used, e.g., to compare network
elements providing the same functionality or a target to optiize
the configuration of a a network element.
Component Level Energy Efficiency (CLEE): Denotes the Energy
Efficiency of a component of a network element. It can be used in
the design, development, and manufacturing of energy efficient a
network elements.
Is useful to evaluate the energy efficiency performance of
individual components of a network element.
Measuring and understanding the energy efficiency or energy
consumption of each component within a network element may be used
to identify key components in a system with regard to energy
saving.
4. Sample Energy Efficiency Metrics and Measurement Methods
This section lists some metrics that are adopted by other SDOs.
DISCUSS: Should we maintian this section?
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4.1. Metrics for DSLAM, MSAN, GPON, and GEPON Equipment
Equipment with line cards working at different profiles/states are
characterized with different metric values for each specific profile/
state.
Pport = Peq/Nports[W/port]
Where 'Peq' is the power (in watts) of a fully equipped wireline
network equipment with all its line cards working in a specific
profile/state. The formula is defined in [L.1310].
4.2. Metric for Wireless Access Technologies
The energy efficiency metric at Radio Frequency (RF) unit level is as
follows:
EErfu = Eoutput/Erfu
Where:
* 'Eoutput' is daily RF output energy consumption [Wh] under
different load.
* 'Erfu' is daily RF units energy consumption [Wh] under different
load.
The formula is defined in [L.1310].
4.3. Metrics for Routers and Ethernet Switches
The metric for routers and Ethernet switches is as follows:
EER = Ti/Pw [Mbit/s/W]
Where 'Ti' is NDR throughput, 'Pw' is weighted power (energy
consumption rate). The formula is defined in [L.1310].
Pw = a*Pu1 + b*Pu2 + c*Pu3
Where:
* 'a'/'b'/'c' are the relative weight at different usage percentage
with a+b+c=1.
* 'Pu1'/'Pu2'/'Pu3' are the power at different usage percentage.
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4.4. Metrics for Small Network Devices
A metric for small networking devices intended for home/domestic or
small office use is as follows:
EER = Ti/Pw [Mbit/s/W]
Where Ti is NDR throughput between wide area network (WAN) and local
area network (LAN) ports in the ingress direction, Pw is the average
power during Full load, Idle load and Low power, the formula is
defined in [L.1310].
Ti = 0.35T_idle+0.5T_lowpower+0.15T_maximum
Pw = 0.35P_idle+0.5P_lowpower+0.15P_maximum
where:
* (0.35,0.5,0.15) is the relative weight at different usage mode.
* 'P_idle'/'P_lowpower'/'P_maximum' is the average power at
different usage mode.
* 'T_idle'/'T_lowpower'/'T_maximum' is NDR throughput at different
usage mode.
4.5. Metric for Power Equipment
δ = Po/Pi
Where:
* 'Po' is output power.
* 'Pi' is input power.
This energy efficiency value is measured or calculated from the
testing data over a given time period. The formula is defined in
[L.1320].
4.6. Metric for Cooling Equipment
η = Qt/Pi
Where:
* 'η' is the energy efficiency of the air conditioner.
* 'Pi' is the input power.
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* 'Qt' is the sum of the sensible cooling capacity and the latent
cooling capacity.
The formula is defined in [L.1320].
5. Security Considerations
Security is not discussed in this document.
6. Informative References
[ETSI-ES-203-136]
"Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement methods for
energy efficiency of router and switch equipment", 2017,
<https://www.etsi.org/deliver/
etsi_es/203100_203199/203136/01.02.00_50/
es_203136v010200m.pdf>.
[I-D.cprjgf-bmwg-powerbench]
Pignataro, C., Jacob, R., Fioccola, G., and Q. Wu,
"Characterization and Benchmarking Methodology for Power
in Networking Devices", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-cprjgf-bmwg-powerbench-04, 30 January 2025,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-cprjgf-bmwg-
powerbench-04>.
[L.1310] "Energy efficiency metrics and measurement methods for
telecommunication equipment", 2024,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1310-202409-P>.
[L.1315] "Standardization terms and trends in energy efficiency",
2017, <https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1315-201705-I>.
[L.1316] "Energy efficiency framework", 2019,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1316-201911-I>.
[L.1320] "Energy efficiency metrics and measurement for power and
cooling equipment for telecommunications and data
centres", 2014,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1320-201403-I>.
[L.1331] "Assessment of mobile network energy efficiency", 2020,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1331-202009-S>.
[L.1333] "Carbon data intensity for network energy performance
monitoring", 2022,
<https://handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/15028>.
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[L.1410] "Methodology for environmental life cycle assessments of
information and communication technology goods, networks
and services", 2014,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1410-201412-I>.
[RFC7326] Parello, J., Claise, B., Schoening, B., and J. Quittek,
"Energy Management Framework", RFC 7326,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7326, September 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7326>.
[TS28.554] "Management and orchestration; 5G end to end Key
Performance Indicators (KPI)", 2024,
<https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/
archive/28_series/28.554/28554-i70.zip>.
Appendix A. Standards Bodies and Standards
This appendix provides a list of SDOs where relevant energy
efficiency effort is ongoing. This appendix does not aim to be
comprehensive. The appendix may be removed in future versions of the
document.
A.1. ITU-T SG5
ITU-T Study Group 5 (SG5) has already worked on developing standards
on energy efficiency. ITU-T SG5 has many standards in the
environment efficiency field. These standards include [L.1310],
[L.1315], [L.1316], and [L.1320] covering energy efficiency
terminology, framework, metrics, and measurement methods.
ITU-T SG5 is also responsible for other standards that might be of
interest to protocol developers and network operators. For example:
* [L.1331] specifies assessment of mobile network energy efficiency.
* [L.1333] specifies the correlation between the carbon intensity
indicator and energy efficiency metric. The carbon KPI defined in
[L.1333] refers to the energy efficiency metric defined in ITU-T
L.1331.
* [L.1410] focuses on the assessment of the environmental impact of
information and communication technology (ICT) goods, networks and
services. It provides specific guidance on energy and greenhouse
gas (GHG) impacts.
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A.2. ETSI TCEE
ETSI Technical Committee (TC) Environment Engineering (EE) is
collaborating with ITU-T SG5 to develop technically aligned standards
on energy efficiency and environment aspect. These standards include
energy efficiency, power feeding solution, circular economy and
network efficiency KPI and eco-design requirement for ICT, with the
aim to build an international eco-environmental standardization.
[ETSI-ES-203-136] defines the energy consumption metrics and
measurement methods for router and Ethernet switch equipment. It
specifies a methodology and the test conditions to measure the power
consumption of router and switch equipment and is also applicable to
Core, edge, and access routers.
A.3. 3GPP SA5
3GPP SA5 has, in Release 17, extended its scope from RAN only to the
whole 5G System (5GS) and worked on Energy Efficiency (EE) and Energy
Saving (ES) of mobile networks. EE Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
have been defined for the 5G Core network and Network Slices.
The 3GPP Energy Efficiency in the RAN is defined by the performance
divided by the Energy Consumption (EC), where the definition of the
performance depends on the type of network entity it applies to.
From this, SA5 work aimed at defining the best metrics for each of
them, and their measurement method.
In Rel-18, WG SA5 works with ETSI NFV to explore more accurate
virtual CPU usage measurements from ETSI NFV MANO, Introduce
additional metrics when estimating the Energy Consumption of Virtual
Machines, e.g., their virtual disk or link usage. In addition new
use cases for Energy Saving, applied to NG-RAN, 5GC, and Network
Slicing, AI/ML assisted energy saving scenarios are also being
investigated.
Specifically, [TS28.554] defines a number of energy efficiency KPIs,
including a generic Network Slice Energy Efficiency KPI, defined as
the ratio between the performance of the network slice and its energy
consumption.
Appendix B. Acknowledgments
TODO acknowledge.
Authors' Addresses
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Chunchi Liu
Huawei
Email: liuchunchi@huawei.com
Mohamed Boucadair
Orange
Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com
Qin Wu
Huawei
Email: bill.wu@huawei.com
Luis M. Contreras
Telefonica
Email: luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com
Marisol Palmero
Cisco
Email: mpalmero@cisco.com
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