Skip to main content

Workload Authorization Grant
draft-carleton-workload-authz-grant-00

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (individual)
Author Paul Carleton
Last updated 2026-08-03
RFC stream (None)
Intended RFC status (None)
Formats
Stream Stream state (No stream defined)
Consensus boilerplate Unknown
RFC Editor Note (None)
IESG IESG state I-D Exists
Telechat date (None)
Responsible AD (None)
Send notices to (None)
draft-carleton-workload-authz-grant-00
Network Working Group                                        P. Carleton
Internet-Draft                                                 Anthropic
Intended status: Informational                             3 August 2026
Expires: 4 February 2027

                      Workload Authorization Grant
                 draft-carleton-workload-authz-grant-00

Abstract

   This document profiles the Agent Identity Management System (AIMS)
   framework for agent platforms that host many agent instances per
   customer.  Each agent is identified by an opaque, non-reassignable
   agent identifier; the agent obtains access tokens by presenting a JWT
   authorization grant (RFC 7523), signed by the platform's per-tenancy
   issuer, in the assertion parameter at the authorization server
   protecting the resource server.  Trust is established once, by
   reference to the issuer's published metadata and keys; agent creation
   requires no per-agent step at the authorization server or resource
   server; and authorization is expressed over platform-asserted agent
   properties that resource servers map locally to permissions.  This
   profile addresses agents acting on their own behalf; access on behalf
   of a user or other principal is out of scope, though the design is
   intended to compose with existing delegation mechanisms in which the
   agent appears as the actor.

About This Document

   This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

   Status information for this document may be found at
   https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-carleton-workload-authz-
   grant/.

   Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
   https://github.com/pcarleton/draft-carleton-workload-authz-grant.

Note to Readers

   This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027                [Page 1]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   This document is an early, exploratory individual draft, published to
   solicit discussion of the deployment pattern it describes.  It is not
   a working group document, does not describe a shipped or committed
   design, and does not represent a position or roadmap of the author's
   employer.  Every aspect of it is subject to change or withdrawal,
   including whether this profile should exist as a separate document at
   all.  Most sections are placeholders.  Issues and pull requests:
   https://github.com/pcarleton/draft-carleton-workload-authz-grant.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 4 February 2027.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2026 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Relationship to AIMS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.2.  Relationship to WIMSE and SPIFFE  . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     1.3.  Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   2.  Conventions and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   3.  Deployment Model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027                [Page 2]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   4.  Agent Identity Model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Authorization Grant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     5.1.  JWT Authorization Grant Claims  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  Trust Establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   7.  Agent Instantiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   8.  Agent Properties and Authorization  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   9.  Attribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   10. Retirement and Lifecycle  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   11. Open Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   12. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   13. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   14. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     14.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     14.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15

1.  Introduction

   Agent platforms increasingly host many agent instances per customer,
   created and retired at the cadence at which the customer organizes
   its work -- per channel, repository, or pipeline.  An individual
   agent may persist for weeks or months, but the person creating it is
   typically not the person authorized to provision credentials at the
   resource servers it will access.  Per-agent credentials are therefore
   not issued in practice, and deployments collapse to a single
   credential shared across all agents of an installation -- the pattern
   [AIMS], Section 7, identifies as an antipattern -- at the cost of any
   attribution of an individual agent's actions at the resource server.

   Existing workload identity federation [WIMSE-ARCH] addresses an
   analogous problem between an organization's workloads and
   infrastructure providers, but its claim and policy semantics are
   defined per provider rather than portably, and it has not been
   applied between agent platforms and SaaS resource servers.  The Model
   Context Protocol's proposed Workload Identity Federation extension
   [MCP-WIF] defines the corresponding wire mechanics for MCP servers;
   this profile is intended to be interoperable with it.

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027                [Page 3]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   This document specifies a profile of [AIMS] for that deployment
   pattern.  Agent platforms are the motivating deployment, and the
   terminology throughout uses "Agent"; the mechanism itself is not
   agent-specific and applies to any platform hosting workloads that
   need federated access to third-party resource servers.  The mechanism
   is called the Workload Authorization Grant (WAG): a platform-signed
   JWT authorization grant asserting a workload's identity and platform-
   asserted properties.  Trust in the platform's issuer is established
   once, by reference, and thereafter agents are accepted on first
   presentation with no per-agent registration step.

   A design goal of this profile is a minimal adoption path for services
   that already operate an OAuth deployment: supporting it requires
   changes only at the authorization server's token endpoint, which
   accepts the JWT authorization grant from allowlisted issuers.  The
   access tokens the authorization server issues are unchanged in format
   and semantics, and resource servers continue to trust their
   authorization server exactly as they do today.

1.1.  Relationship to AIMS

   [AIMS] remains the base specification for anything not restated here.
   This profile constrains [AIMS] as follows:

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027                [Page 4]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   +================+=========+=======================================+
   | AIMS component | Here    | Relationship                          |
   +================+=========+=======================================+
   | Identifiers    | Section | Constrained: opaque, immutable, non-  |
   | (Sec. 6)       | 4       | reassignable agent identifier,        |
   |                |         | RECOMMENDED to be a Workload          |
   |                |         | Identifier [WIMSE-ID], carried as sub |
   +----------------+---------+---------------------------------------+
   | Credentials    | Section | Constrained: [RFC7523] JWT            |
   | (Sec. 7),      | 5       | authorization grant (assertion),      |
   | Authentication |         | platform-signed; no per-agent         |
   | (Sec. 9)       |         | credential; client identity           |
   |                |         | deliberately unspecified              |
   +----------------+---------+---------------------------------------+
   | Credential     | Section | Constrained: platform-internal        |
   | Provisioning   | 7       |                                       |
   | (Sec. 8)       |         |                                       |
   +----------------+---------+---------------------------------------+
   | Authorization  | Section | Added: standard property claims; by-  |
   | (Sec. 10, case | 8       | reference trust (Section 6)           |
   | 10.4.2)        |         |                                       |
   +----------------+---------+---------------------------------------+
   | Monitoring/    | Section | TODO                                  |
   | Remediation    | 11      |                                       |
   | (Sec. 11)      |         |                                       |
   +----------------+---------+---------------------------------------+
   | Policy (Sec.   | --      | Inherited                             |
   | 12),           |         |                                       |
   | Compliance     |         |                                       |
   | (Sec. 13)      |         |                                       |
   +----------------+---------+---------------------------------------+

                                 Table 1

1.2.  Relationship to WIMSE and SPIFFE

   TODO.  A reader arriving from WIMSE or SPIFFE will ask where the
   Workload Identity Token and the SPIFFE ID are in this design.
   Explain: why the assertion is an [RFC7523] authorization grant rather
   than a WIMSE WIT; how the Agent Identifier's RECOMMENDED [WIMSE-ID]
   URI form relates to a SPIFFE ID; and what changes if the Platform's
   issuer is backed by a SPIFFE/WIMSE-style workload identity plane
   rather than operated as a standalone OAuth issuer.

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027                [Page 5]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

1.3.  Scope

   In scope: agents acting on their own behalf ([AIMS], Section 10.4.2).
   Out of scope: on-behalf-of access, legacy integration via static
   credentials, runtime attestation, agent-to-agent protocols.  This
   profile deliberately does not specify on-behalf-of flows; the design
   is intended to compose with delegation mechanisms in which the agent
   appears as the actor rather than the subject (e.g., the act claim and
   actor_token parameter of [RFC8693], or [IDJAG]), and that composition
   is left to future documents.

2.  Conventions and Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   Agent Platform ("Platform"):  The service that hosts Agents and
      operates the per-tenancy issuers that vouch for them.

   Agent:  A hosted workload with its own Agent Identifier, context, and
      configuration.

   Agent Property:  A Platform-asserted attribute carried as a claim in
      the authorization grant.

   Authorization Server (AS):  The OAuth authorization server at which
      Agents present authorization grants and obtain access tokens;
      commonly, but not necessarily, operated by the same vendor as the
      Resource Server it protects.

   Resource Server (RS):  The service holding customer resources,
      accessed with the access tokens the Authorization Server issues.

   Enterprise IdP:  The customer's identity provider (optional).

   Customer Administrator:  The human who performs one-time trust
      establishment.

3.  Deployment Model

   TODO: diagram.  One-time trust establishment by the Customer
   Administrator (Section 6); agent creation by end users with no
   interaction with the Resource Server (Section 7); per-request JWT
   authorization grant (Section 5).

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027                [Page 6]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

4.  Agent Identity Model

   An Agent's identity has three units: the tenancy's issuer, which
   signs assertions about the Agent; the Agent Identifier, opaque,
   unique within the issuer, immutable, and never reassigned, carried as
   the assertion's sub (Section 5); and claims, carrying everything else
   (Section 8).  Renaming an Agent MUST NOT change its Agent Identifier.
   Resource Servers MUST NOT parse or pattern-match the Agent Identifier
   for authorization; single-agent policy is an exact match on it.

   The Agent Identifier MAY be, and is RECOMMENDED to be, a Workload
   Identifier URI [WIMSE-ID] with an opaque path; a bare opaque string
   is also permitted.  URI form costs no opacity -- the path remains
   meaningful only to the issuing Platform -- and carries the trust
   boundary inside the identifier's authority component, which is what
   relying parties that evaluate only subject and audience need
   (Section 11).  When the Agent Identifier is a URI, the Authorization
   Server validates its authority component against the allowlisted
   issuer's tenancy once, at token issuance; Resource Servers treat the
   complete identifier as an opaque, exact-match string regardless of
   form and MUST NOT derive trust from its components.

5.  Authorization Grant

   The Agent obtains access tokens from the Authorization Server by
   presenting a JWT as an authorization grant per [RFC7523],
   Section 2.1, issued by the Platform as a third party in the sense of
   [RFC7521], Section 3.  The token request carries
   grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer, the JWT in
   the assertion parameter, and the target resource in the resource
   parameter [RFC8707].  This profile deliberately does not specify the
   OAuth client identity or attach semantics to client_id.  In the
   simplest deployment the token request is made without client
   authentication.  Deployments MAY layer client authentication on top
   -- for example, the Platform authenticating as an OAuth client in its
   own right with a Client ID Metadata Document [CIMD] and a
   private_key_jwt client assertion -- a composition that becomes
   natural when the authorization grant's issuer is the customer's
   Enterprise IdP rather than the Platform (obtained, e.g., by token
   exchange [RFC8693] with the IdP).  This document intentionally leaves
   that composition open rather than fully specifying it (Section 11).

5.1.  JWT Authorization Grant Claims

   The following claims are used within the Workload Authorization Grant
   JWT:

   iss:  REQUIRED - The issuer identifier of the Platform's per-tenancy

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027                [Page 7]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

      issuer (Section 6).

   sub:  REQUIRED - The Agent Identifier as defined in Section 4.

   aud:  REQUIRED.  The value SHOULD include both the Authorization
      Server's issuer identifier and its token endpoint URL; an
      Authorization Server supporting this profile MUST accept an
      assertion whose aud includes either value ([RFC7523] itself leaves
      the audience strings to out-of-band configuration).  [RFC7523BIS]
      adds the issuer identifier as an audience option for authorization
      grants (while restricting client-authentication assertions, a
      different slot, to it alone); carrying both values keeps an
      assertion valid across deployed and future processing.

   jti:  REQUIRED - Unique ID of this JWT as defined in Section 4.1.7 of
      [RFC7519].

   exp:  REQUIRED - as defined in Section 4.1.4 of [RFC7519].

   iat:  REQUIRED - as defined in Section 4.1.6 of [RFC7519].

   The assertion is signed under a key in the issuer's published JWK Set
   [RFC7517].  The Authorization Server MUST resolve the signing key by
   iss (Section 6), not via a client registration.  The assertion
   carries the Agent's Properties (Section 8), and the Authorization
   Server MUST make them available to the Resource Server's
   authorization decision.

   Authorization Servers supporting this profile MUST include
   urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer in grant_types_supported
   in their metadata [RFC8414].

   Figure 1 shows an example token request (with extra line breaks for
   display purposes only):

   POST /token HTTP/1.1
   Host: as.saas.example
   Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

   grant_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Agrant-type%3Ajwt-bearer
   &assertion=eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjIwMjYtMDctMTQi...
   &resource=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.saas.example%2F

                      Figure 1: Example token request

   Figure 2 shows the decoded claims of the assertion carried in that
   request; name, namespace, groups, roles, and ctx are Agent Properties
   (Section 8):

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027                [Page 8]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   {
     "iss": "https://acme.agents.platform.example",
     "sub": "wimse://acme.agents.platform.example/agent/7f3d9a2e",
     "aud": ["https://as.saas.example",
             "https://as.saas.example/token"],
     "exp": 1785271980,
     "iat": 1785271680,
     "jti": "7d0f5a2b-93c8-4f0e-9c33-1b6a0e6d5f10",
     "name": "Support Triage Agent",
     "namespace": "acme/support",
     "groups": ["support-eng"],
     "roles": ["responder"],
     "ctx": "channel:C0123456789"
   }

                     Figure 2: Example assertion claims

   The Authorization Server MUST NOT issue refresh tokens, as access
   tokens are short-lived and audience-restricted [RFC8707].  Assertion
   lifetimes SHOULD be as short as system availability constraints
   allow.

   TODO: proof-of-possession -- the assertion is a bearer grant; options
   are sender-constrained access tokens, or attestation-based client
   authentication [ATTEST-CLIENT-AUTH] (Platform as client attester,
   agent instance signs the PoP JWT) if agent instances hold keys.

6.  Trust Establishment

   The Customer Administrator once records, at the Authorization Server,
   an allowlist entry binding one issuer to one tenancy: the issuer
   identifier, from which the issuer's metadata and JWK Set location are
   discovered per [OIDC-DISCOVERY] (retrieved over https [RFC9525]), and
   the tenancy's initial Property-to-permission mapping for the Resource
   Server (Section 8).  Establishment is by reference; no keys or
   secrets are transferred, and key rotation is by JWK Set update alone.
   Platforms serving multiple customers MUST use a distinct issuer per
   tenancy: the issuer is the trust boundary the allowlist expresses,
   and a shared issuer would move tenancy enforcement into claim
   evaluation at every Authorization Server -- including relying parties
   that can evaluate only subject and audience (Section 11).  The
   proposed MCP Workload Identity Federation extension [MCP-WIF]
   recommends (SHOULD) that authorization servers rely only on issuing
   keys bound to a single tenant; this profile deliberately tightens
   that boundary to a per-tenancy issuer MUST.

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027                [Page 9]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   Multi-issuer operation is scoped by issuer throughout.  An
   Authorization Server MUST resolve and cache keys per allowlist entry
   and MUST NOT merge key sets across issuers, and it MUST interpret sub
   and jti only within the scope of the presenting iss.  A Resource
   Server that keeps a Property-to-permission mapping (Section 8)
   likewise scopes it by iss.  An Agent Identifier is unique within its
   issuer, not globally: policy and audit records are keyed on the (iss,
   sub) pair, or on the complete URI-form identifier, which carries the
   tenancy in its authority component.

7.  Agent Instantiation

   Creating an Agent is Platform-internal and MUST NOT require any
   ahead-of-time interaction with the Resource Server, the Authorization
   Server, an Enterprise IdP, or the Customer Administrator.  The
   Authorization Server first learns that an Agent exists when the Agent
   presents its first authorization grant: it MUST accept a previously-
   unseen Agent Identifier presented as sub under an allowlisted issuer,
   and authorization -- at the Authorization Server and the Resource
   Server alike -- is via Section 8, never identifier structure.  Agents
   are not dynamically registered clients [RFC7591].

   Optionally, a Platform MAY project Agents into an Enterprise IdP
   (e.g., as [SCIM-AGENT] resources) for inventory and lifecycle
   governance.  Such projection MUST NOT be required ahead of time:
   performing it just in time, including synchronously during first
   token issuance, is acceptable.  TODO: BYO-IdP deployment model.

8.  Agent Properties and Authorization

   TODO.  Initial standard property claims: name, a human-readable
   display name as in an OpenID Connect ID Token [OIDC-CORE] (mutable,
   and never a key for authorization or attribution -- that is the Agent
   Identifier); namespace, groups, roles, and an optional ctx naming the
   collaboration context; additional attributes use collision-resistant
   claim names per [RFC7519], Section 4.3.  TODO: whether an Agent needs
   a human-usable, "@"-referenceable address within the Platform,
   analogous to sharing a document with an email address, distinct from
   both name and the opaque Agent Identifier; noted here, deliberately
   unsolved.  A Resource Server keeps a local, administrator-controlled
   mapping from Property predicates to permissions; possession of a
   Property is not itself authorization.  Deny semantics do not travel.
   TODO: worked example.

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027               [Page 10]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

9.  Attribution

   TODO.  The Authorization Server logs jti at token issuance; Resource
   Servers log the Agent Identifier (sub) and referenced Properties;
   internal fan-out via [TXN-TOKENS] rather than forwarding the access
   token.

10.  Retirement and Lifecycle

   Retirement is expressed by cessation: the Platform stops signing
   assertions for a retired Agent, so residual access is bounded by the
   remaining lifetime of any outstanding assertion plus the lifetime of
   any access token already issued.  Assertion and access-token
   lifetimes SHOULD be chosen with this bound in mind.  No signal yet
   informs an Authorization Server that an Agent Identifier is
   permanently retired; that gap is shared with neighboring workload
   identity ecosystems, whose common baseline is likewise short
   credential lifetimes plus ceasing issuance (Section 11).

   Broader lifecycle management is out of scope for this document.  In
   particular, resources that come to be owned by an Agent (documents,
   records, long-lived artifacts) need succession planning when the
   Agent is retired; this profile makes the retirement event's access
   consequences legible, but does not manage its downstream effects.

11.  Open Issues

   *  Relying parties that authorize only on subject and audience (e.g.,
      cloud IAM federation trust policies) and cannot evaluate Property
      predicates; URI-form Agent Identifiers (Section 4) carry the
      tenancy inside the identifier for this case, but the residual gap
      is unassessed.

   *  Proof-of-possession: the authorization grant is bearer; see
      Section 5.

   *  Issuer placement: issuer operated by the Platform versus by the
      Enterprise IdP, with the Platform obtaining assertions by token
      exchange [RFC8693] with the IdP; client authentication is
      redundant in the former case and load-bearing in the latter; what,
      if anything, client_id means in each case.

   *  Staleness and retirement signaling in place of per-agent
      revocation (issuer- or Property-scoped epoch versus event push
      versus lifetime alone, Section 10); a gap shared with neighboring
      workload identity ecosystems.

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027               [Page 11]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   *  Addressing: whether an Agent needs a human-usable,
      "@"-referenceable address (to share a resource with an agent the
      way one shares with an email address), distinct from the display
      name and the Agent Identifier.

12.  Security Considerations

   TODO: unseen agent identifiers under trusted issuers; issuer
   allowlist as the trust boundary; tenant confusion at multi-issuer
   Authorization Servers (Section 6); bearer-assertion theft and
   assertion lifetime; Platform as root of trust; credential non-
   exposure to the model; automated trust establishment.

13.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no IANA actions at this time; provisional claim
   names (Section 8) may be registered in a future revision.

14.  References

14.1.  Normative References

   [AIMS]     Kasselman, P., Lombardo, J., Rosomakho, Y., Campbell, B.,
              Steele, N., and A. Parecki, "AI Agent Authentication and
              Authorization", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              klrc-aiagent-auth-03, 6 July 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-klrc-aiagent-
              auth-03>.

   [OIDC-DISCOVERY]
              Sakimura, N., Bradley, J., Jones, M., and E. Jay, "OpenID
              Connect Discovery 1.0 incorporating errata set 2",
              December 2023, <https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-
              discovery-1_0.html>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.

   [RFC7517]  Jones, M., "JSON Web Key (JWK)", RFC 7517,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7517, May 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7517>.

   [RFC7519]  Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Token
              (JWT)", RFC 7519, DOI 10.17487/RFC7519, May 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7519>.

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027               [Page 12]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   [RFC7521]  Campbell, B., Mortimore, C., Jones, M., and Y. Goland,
              "Assertion Framework for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication
              and Authorization Grants", RFC 7521, DOI 10.17487/RFC7521,
              May 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7521>.

   [RFC7523]  Jones, M., Campbell, B., and C. Mortimore, "JSON Web Token
              (JWT) Profile for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication and
              Authorization Grants", RFC 7523, DOI 10.17487/RFC7523, May
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7523>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8414]  Jones, M., Sakimura, N., and J. Bradley, "OAuth 2.0
              Authorization Server Metadata", RFC 8414,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8414, June 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8414>.

   [RFC8707]  Campbell, B., Bradley, J., and H. Tschofenig, "Resource
              Indicators for OAuth 2.0", RFC 8707, DOI 10.17487/RFC8707,
              February 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8707>.

   [RFC9525]  Saint-Andre, P. and R. Salz, "Service Identity in TLS",
              RFC 9525, DOI 10.17487/RFC9525, November 2023,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9525>.

   [WIMSE-ID] Rosomakho, Y. and J. A. Salowey, "Workload Identifier",
              Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-wimse-
              identifier-03, 6 July 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-wimse-
              identifier-03>.

14.2.  Informative References

   [ATTEST-CLIENT-AUTH]
              Looker, T., Bastian, P., and C. Bormann, "OAuth 2.0
              Attestation-Based Client Authentication", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-oauth-attestation-
              based-client-auth-10, 6 July 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-
              attestation-based-client-auth-10>.

   [CIMD]     Parecki, A. and E. Smith, "OAuth Client ID Metadata
              Document", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              oauth-client-id-metadata-document-02, 6 July 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-
              client-id-metadata-document-02>.

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027               [Page 13]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   [IDJAG]    Parecki, A., McGuinness, K., and B. Campbell, "Identity
              Assertion JWT Authorization Grant", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-oauth-identity-assertion-authz-
              grant-04, 21 May 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-
              identity-assertion-authz-grant-04>.

   [MCP-WIF]  Model Context Protocol Community, "Workload Identity
              Federation (proposed Model Context Protocol ext-auth
              extension, pull request 10)", n.d.,
              <https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ext-auth/
              pull/10>.

   [OIDC-CORE]
              Sakimura, N., Bradley, J., Jones, M., de Medeiros, B., and
              C. Mortimore, "OpenID Connect Core 1.0 incorporating
              errata set 2", December 2023,
              <https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html>.

   [RFC7523BIS]
              Jones, M. B., Campbell, B., Mortimore, C., and F. Skokan,
              "Updates to OAuth 2.0 JSON Web Token (JWT) Client
              Authentication and Assertion-Based Authorization Grants",
              Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-oauth-
              rfc7523bis-11, 28 April 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-
              rfc7523bis-11>.

   [RFC7591]  Richer, J., Ed., Jones, M., Bradley, J., Machulak, M., and
              P. Hunt, "OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration Protocol",
              RFC 7591, DOI 10.17487/RFC7591, July 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7591>.

   [RFC8693]  Jones, M., Nadalin, A., Campbell, B., Ed., Bradley, J.,
              and C. Mortimore, "OAuth 2.0 Token Exchange", RFC 8693,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8693, January 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8693>.

   [SCIM-AGENT]
              Wahl, M., Zollner, D., Dingle, P., and I. Kazzouzi, "AI
              Agent Resource Extension for the System for Cross-domain
              Identity Management (SCIM)", Work in Progress, Internet-
              Draft, draft-wzdk-scim-agent-resource-00, 5 June 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-wzdk-scim-
              agent-resource-00>.

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027               [Page 14]
Internet-Draft                     WAG                       August 2026

   [TXN-TOKENS]
              Tulshibagwale, A., Fletcher, G., and P. Kasselman,
              "Transaction Tokens", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-ietf-oauth-transaction-tokens-11, 30 July 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-
              transaction-tokens-11>.

   [WIMSE-ARCH]
              Salowey, J. A., Rosomakho, Y., and H. Tschofenig,
              "Workload Identity in a Multi System Environment (WIMSE)
              Architecture", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              ietf-wimse-arch-08, 6 July 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-wimse-
              arch-08>.

Acknowledgments

   The author thanks Kevin Kelley, Aaron Parecki, Brian Campbell, Pieter
   Kasselman, Nick Steele, Emily Lauber, and Maxwell Gerber for
   discussions that shaped this document.  This profile builds directly
   on the Agent Identity Management System framework [AIMS] and would
   not exist without it.  Further acknowledgments will be added in a
   future revision.

Author's Address

   Paul Carleton
   Anthropic
   Email: paulc@anthropic.com

Carleton                 Expires 4 February 2027               [Page 15]