MISP core format
draft-dulaunoy-misp-core-format-13
Network Working Group A. Dulaunoy
Internet-Draft A. Iklody
Expires: June 27, 2021 CIRCL
December 24, 2020
MISP core format
draft-dulaunoy-misp-core-format-13
Abstract
This document describes the MISP core format used to exchange
indicators and threat information between MISP (Open Source Threat
Intelligence Sharing Platform formerly known as Malware Information
Sharing Platform) instances. The JSON format includes the overall
structure along with the semantic associated for each respective key.
The format is described to support other implementations which reuse
the format and ensuring an interoperability with existing MISP
[MISP-P] software and other Threat Intelligence Platforms.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on June 27, 2021.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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publication of this document. Please review these documents
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to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
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include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Conventions and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2. Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2.1. Event Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3. Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.1. Org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.2. Orgc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4. Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4.1. Sample Attribute Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.4.2. Attribute Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.5. ShadowAttribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.1. Sample Attribute Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.2. ShadowAttribute Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.3. Org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.6. Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.6.1. Sample Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.6.2. Object Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.7. Object References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.7.1. Sample ObjectReference object . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.7.2. ObjectReference Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.8. EventReport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8.1. id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.8.2. UUID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.8.3. event_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.8.4. name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.8.5. content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.8.6. distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.8.7. sharing_group_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.8.8. timestamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.8.9. deleted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.9. Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.9.1. Sample Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10. Sighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10.1. Sample Sighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.11. Galaxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.11.1. Sample Galaxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3. JSON Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4. Manifest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.1. Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.1.1. Sample Manifest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
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5. Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
1. Introduction
Sharing threat information became a fundamental requirements in the
Internet, security and intelligence community at large. Threat
information can include indicators of compromise, malicious file
indicators, financial fraud indicators or even detailed information
about a threat actor. MISP [MISP-P] started as an open source
project in late 2011 and the MISP format started to be widely used as
an exchange format within the community in the past years. The aim
of this document is to describe the specification and the MISP core
format.
1.1. Conventions and Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. Format
2.1. Overview
The MISP core format is in the JSON [RFC8259] format. In MISP, an
event is composed of a single JSON object.
A capitalized key (like Event, Org) represent a data model and a non-
capitalised key is just an attribute. This nomenclature can support
an implementation to represent the MISP format in another data
structure.
2.2. Event
An event is a simple meta structure scheme where attributes and meta-
data are embedded to compose a coherent set of indicators. An event
can be composed from an incident, a security analysis report or a
specific threat actor analysis. The meaning of an event only depends
of the information embedded in the event.
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2.2.1. Event Attributes
2.2.1.1. uuid
uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of
the event. The uuid MUST be preserved for any updates or transfer of
the same event. UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED when assigning it to a
new event.
uuid is represented as a JSON string. uuid MUST be present.
2.2.1.2. id
id represents the human-readable identifier associated to the event
for a specific MISP instance. A human-readable identifier MUST be
represented as an unsigned integer.
id is represented as a JSON string. id SHALL be present.
2.2.1.3. published
published represents the event publication state. If the event was
published, the published value MUST be true. In any other
publication state, the published value MUST be false.
published is represented as a JSON boolean. published MUST be
present.
2.2.1.4. info
info represents the information field of the event. info is a free-
text value to provide a human-readable summary of the event. info
SHOULD NOT be bigger than 256 characters and SHOULD NOT include new-
lines.
info is represented as a JSON string. info MUST be present.
2.2.1.5. threat_level_id
threat_level_id represents the threat level.
4:
Undefined
3:
Low
2:
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Medium
1:
High
If a higher granularity is required, a MISP taxonomy applied as a Tag
SHOULD be preferred.
threat_level_id is represented as a JSON string. threat_level_id
SHALL be present.
2.2.1.6. analysis
analysis represents the analysis level.
0:
Initial
1:
Ongoing
2:
Complete
If a higher granularity is required, a MISP taxonomy applied as a Tag
SHOULD be preferred.
analysis is represented as a JSON string. analysis SHALL be present.
2.2.1.7. date
date represents a reference date to the event in ISO 8601 format
(date only: YYYY-MM-DD). This date corresponds to the date the event
occurred, which may be in the past.
date is represented as a JSON string. date MUST be present.
2.2.1.8. timestamp
timestamp represents a reference time when the event, or one of the
attributes within the event was created, or last updated/edited on
the instance. timestamp is expressed in seconds (decimal) since 1st
of January 1970 (Unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
timestamp is represented as a JSON string. timestamp MUST be present.
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2.2.1.9. publish_timestamp
publish_timestamp represents a reference time when the event was
published on the instance. published_timestamp is expressed in
seconds (decimal) since 1st of January 1970 (Unix timestamp). At
each publication of an event, publish_timestamp MUST be updated. The
time zone MUST be UTC. If the published_timestamp is present and the
published flag is set to false, the publish_timestamp represents the
previous publication timestamp. If the event was never published,
the published_timestamp MUST be set to 0.
publish_timestamp is represented as a JSON string. publish_timestamp
MUST be present.
2.2.1.10. org_id
org_id represents a human-readable identifier referencing an Org
object of the organisation which generated the event. A human-
readable identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
The org_id MUST be updated when the event is generated by a new
instance.
org_id is represented as a JSON string. org_id MUST be present.
2.2.1.11. orgc_id
orgc_id represents a human-readable identifier referencing an Orgc
object of the organisation which created the event.
The orgc_id and Org object MUST be preserved for any updates or
transfer of the same event.
orgc_id is represented as a JSON string. orgc_id MUST be present.
2.2.1.12. attribute_count
attribute_count represents the number of attributes in the event.
attribute_count is expressed in decimal.
attribute_count is represented as a JSON string. attribute_count
SHALL be present.
2.2.1.13. distribution
distribution represents the basic distribution rules of the event.
The system must adhere to the distribution setting for access control
and for dissemination of the event.
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distribution is represented by a JSON string. distribution MUST be
present and be one of the following options:
0
Your Organisation Only
1
This Community Only
2
Connected Communities
3
All Communities
4
Sharing Group
2.2.1.14. sharing_group_id
sharing_group_id represents a human-readable identifier referencing a
Sharing Group object that defines the distribution of the event, if
distribution level "4" is set. A human-readable identifier MUST be
represented as an unsigned integer.
sharing_group_id is represented by a JSON string and SHOULD be
present. If a distribution level other than "4" is chosen the
sharing_group_id MUST be set to "0".
2.2.1.15. extends_uuid
extends_uuid represents which event is extended by this event. The
extends_uuid is described as a Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID)
[RFC4122] with the UUID of the extended event.
extends_uuid is represented as a JSON string. extends_uuid SHOULD be
present.
2.3. Objects
2.3.1. Org
An Org object is composed of an uuid, name and id.
The uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID)
[RFC4122] of the organisation. The organisation UUID is globally
assigned to an organisation and SHALL be kept overtime.
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The name is a readable description of the organisation and SHOULD be
present. The id is a human-readable identifier generated by the
instance and used as reference in the event. A human-readable
identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
uuid, name and id are represented as a JSON string. uuid, name and id
MUST be present.
2.3.1.1. Sample Org Object
"Org": {
"id": "2",
"name": "CIRCL",
"uuid": "55f6ea5e-2c60-40e5-964f-47a8950d210f"
}
2.3.2. Orgc
An Orgc object is composed of an uuid, name and id.
The uuid MUST be preserved for any updates or transfer of the same
event. UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED when assigning it to a new
event. The organisation UUID is globally assigned to an organisation
and SHALL be kept overtime.
The name is a readable description of the organisation and SHOULD be
present. The id is a human-readable identifier generated by the
instance and used as reference in the event. A human-readable
identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
uuid, name and id are represented as a JSON string. uuid, name and id
MUST be present.
2.4. Attribute
Attributes are used to describe the indicators and contextual data of
an event. The main information contained in an attribute is made up
of a category-type-value triplet, where the category and type give
meaning and context to the value. Through the various category-type
combinations a wide range of information can be conveyed.
A MISP document MUST at least includes category-type-value triplet
described in section "Attribute Attributes".
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2.4.1. Sample Attribute Object
"Attribute": {
"id": "346056",
"type": "comment",
"category": "Other",
"to_ids": false,
"uuid": "57f4f6d9-cd20-458b-84fd-109ec0a83869",
"event_id": "3357",
"distribution": "5",
"timestamp": "1475679332",
"comment": "",
"sharing_group_id": "0",
"deleted": false,
"value": "Hello world",
"SharingGroup": [],
"ShadowAttribute": [],
"RelatedAttribute": [],
"first_seen": "2019-06-02T22:14:28.711954+00:00",
"last_seen": null
}
2.4.2. Attribute Attributes
2.4.2.1. uuid
uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of
the event. The uuid MUST be preserved for any updates or transfer of
the same event. UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED when assigning it to a
new event.
uuid is represented as a JSON string. uuid MUST be present.
2.4.2.2. id
id represents the human-readable identifier associated to the event
for a specific MISP instance. A human-readable identifier MUST be
represented as an unsigned integer.
id is represented as a JSON string. id SHALL be present.
2.4.2.3. type
type represents the means through which an attribute tries to
describe the intent of the attribute creator, using a list of pre-
defined attribute types.
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type is represented as a JSON string. type MUST be present and it
MUST be a valid selection for the chosen category. The list of valid
category-type combinations is as follows:
Antivirus detection
link, comment, text, hex, attachment, other, anonymised
Artifacts dropped
md5, sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, sha512/224, sha512/256,
sha3-224, sha3-256, sha3-384, sha3-512, ssdeep, imphash, telfhash,
impfuzzy, authentihash, vhash, cdhash, filename, filename|md5,
filename|sha1, filename|sha224, filename|sha256, filename|sha384,
filename|sha512, filename|sha512/224, filename|sha512/256,
filename|sha3-224, filename|sha3-256, filename|sha3-384,
filename|sha3-512, filename|authentihash, filename|vhash,
filename|ssdeep, filename|tlsh, filename|imphash,
filename|impfuzzy, filename|pehash, regkey, regkey|value, pattern-
in-file, pattern-in-memory, filename-pattern, pdb, stix2-pattern,
yara, sigma, attachment, malware-sample, named pipe, mutex,
process-state, windows-scheduled-task, windows-service-name,
windows-service-displayname, comment, text, hex, x509-fingerprint-
sha1, x509-fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-sha256, other,
cookie, gene, kusto-query, mime-type, anonymised, pgp-public-key,
pgp-private-key
Attribution
threat-actor, campaign-name, campaign-id, whois-registrant-phone,
whois-registrant-email, whois-registrant-name, whois-registrant-
org, whois-registrar, whois-creation-date, comment, text, x509-
fingerprint-sha1, x509-fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-sha256,
other, dns-soa-email, anonymised, email
External analysis
md5, sha1, sha256, sha3-224, sha3-256, sha3-384, sha3-512,
filename, filename|md5, filename|sha1, filename|sha256,
filename|sha3-224, filename|sha3-256, filename|sha3-384,
filename|sha3-512, ip-src, ip-dst, ip-dst|port, ip-src|port, mac-
address, mac-eui-64, hostname, domain, domain|ip, url, user-agent,
regkey, regkey|value, AS, snort, bro, zeek, pattern-in-file,
pattern-in-traffic, pattern-in-memory, filename-pattern,
vulnerability, cpe, weakness, attachment, malware-sample, link,
comment, text, x509-fingerprint-sha1, x509-fingerprint-md5, x509-
fingerprint-sha256, ja3-fingerprint-md5, jarm-fingerprint, hassh-
md5, hasshserver-md5, github-repository, other, cortex,
anonymised, community-id
Financial fraud
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btc, dash, xmr, iban, bic, bank-account-nr, aba-rtn, bin, cc-
number, prtn, phone-number, comment, text, other, hex, anonymised
Internal reference
text, link, comment, other, hex, anonymised, git-commit-id
Network activity
ip-src, ip-dst, ip-dst|port, ip-src|port, port, hostname, domain,
domain|ip, mac-address, mac-eui-64, email, email-dst, email-src,
eppn, url, uri, user-agent, http-method, AS, snort, pattern-in-
file, filename-pattern, stix2-pattern, pattern-in-traffic,
attachment, comment, text, x509-fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-
sha1, x509-fingerprint-sha256, ja3-fingerprint-md5, jarm-
fingerprint, hassh-md5, hasshserver-md5, other, hex, cookie,
hostname|port, bro, zeek, anonymised, community-id, email-subject,
favicon-mmh3
Other
comment, text, other, size-in-bytes, counter, datetime, cpe, port,
float, hex, phone-number, boolean, anonymised, pgp-public-key,
pgp-private-key
Payload delivery
md5, sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, sha512/224, sha512/256,
sha3-224, sha3-256, sha3-384, sha3-512, ssdeep, imphash, telfhash,
impfuzzy, authentihash, vhash, pehash, tlsh, cdhash, filename,
filename|md5, filename|sha1, filename|sha224, filename|sha256,
filename|sha384, filename|sha512, filename|sha512/224,
filename|sha512/256, filename|sha3-224, filename|sha3-256,
filename|sha3-384, filename|sha3-512, filename|authentihash,
filename|vhash, filename|ssdeep, filename|tlsh, filename|imphash,
filename|impfuzzy, filename|pehash, mac-address, mac-eui-64, ip-
src, ip-dst, ip-dst|port, ip-src|port, hostname, domain, email,
email-src, email-dst, email-subject, email-attachment, email-body,
url, user-agent, AS, pattern-in-file, pattern-in-traffic,
filename-pattern, stix2-pattern, yara, sigma, mime-type,
attachment, malware-sample, link, malware-type, comment, text,
hex, vulnerability, cpe, weakness, x509-fingerprint-sha1, x509-
fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-sha256, ja3-fingerprint-md5,
jarm-fingerprint, hassh-md5, hasshserver-md5, other,
hostname|port, email-dst-display-name, email-src-display-name,
email-header, email-reply-to, email-x-mailer, email-mime-boundary,
email-thread-index, email-message-id, mobile-application-id,
chrome-extension-id, whois-registrant-email, anonymised
Payload installation
md5, sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, sha512/224, sha512/256,
sha3-224, sha3-256, sha3-384, sha3-512, ssdeep, imphash, telfhash,
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impfuzzy, authentihash, vhash, pehash, tlsh, cdhash, filename,
filename|md5, filename|sha1, filename|sha224, filename|sha256,
filename|sha384, filename|sha512, filename|sha512/224,
filename|sha512/256, filename|sha3-224, filename|sha3-256,
filename|sha3-384, filename|sha3-512, filename|authentihash,
filename|vhash, filename|ssdeep, filename|tlsh, filename|imphash,
filename|impfuzzy, filename|pehash, pattern-in-file, pattern-in-
traffic, pattern-in-memory, filename-pattern, stix2-pattern, yara,
sigma, vulnerability, cpe, weakness, attachment, malware-sample,
malware-type, comment, text, hex, x509-fingerprint-sha1, x509-
fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-sha256, mobile-application-id,
chrome-extension-id, other, mime-type, anonymised
Payload type
comment, text, other, anonymised
Persistence mechanism
filename, regkey, regkey|value, comment, text, other, hex,
anonymised
Person
first-name, middle-name, last-name, date-of-birth, place-of-birth,
gender, passport-number, passport-country, passport-expiration,
redress-number, nationality, visa-number, issue-date-of-the-visa,
primary-residence, country-of-residence, special-service-request,
frequent-flyer-number, travel-details, payment-details, place-
port-of-original-embarkation, place-port-of-clearance, place-port-
of-onward-foreign-destination, passenger-name-record-locator-
number, comment, text, other, phone-number, identity-card-number,
anonymised, email, pgp-public-key, pgp-private-key
Social network
github-username, github-repository, github-organisation, jabber-
id, twitter-id, email, email-src, email-dst, eppn, comment, text,
other, whois-registrant-email, anonymised, pgp-public-key, pgp-
private-key
Support Tool
link, text, attachment, comment, other, hex, anonymised
Targeting data
target-user, target-email, target-machine, target-org, target-
location, target-external, comment, anonymised
Attributes are based on the usage within their different communities.
Attributes can be extended on a regular basis and this reference
document is updated accordingly.
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2.4.2.4. category
category represents the intent of what the attribute is describing as
selected by the attribute creator, using a list of pre-defined
attribute categories.
category is represented as a JSON string. category MUST be present
and it MUST be a valid selection for the chosen type. The list of
valid category-type combinations is mentioned above.
2.4.2.5. to_ids
to_ids represents whether the attribute is meant to be actionable.
Actionable defined attributes that can be used in automated processes
as a pattern for detection in Local or Network Intrusion Detection
System, log analysis tools or even filtering mechanisms.
to_ids is represented as a JSON boolean. to_ids MUST be present.
2.4.2.6. event_id
event_id represents a human-readable identifier referencing the Event
object that the attribute belongs to. A human-readable identifier
MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
The event_id SHOULD be updated when the event is imported to reflect
the newly created event's id on the instance.
event_id is represented as a JSON string. event_id MUST be present.
2.4.2.7. distribution
distribution represents the basic distribution rules of the
attribute. The system must adhere to the distribution setting for
access control and for dissemination of the attribute.
distribution is represented by a JSON string. distribution MUST be
present and be one of the following options:
0
Your Organisation Only
1
This Community Only
2
Connected Communities
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3
All Communities
4
Sharing Group
5
Inherit Event
2.4.2.8. timestamp
timestamp represents a reference time when the attribute was created
or last modified. timestamp is expressed in seconds (decimal) since
1st of January 1970 (Unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
timestamp is represented as a JSON string. timestamp MUST be present.
2.4.2.9. comment
comment is a contextual comment field.
comment is represented by a JSON string. comment MAY be present.
2.4.2.10. sharing_group_id
sharing_group_id represents a human-readable identifier referencing a
Sharing Group object that defines the distribution of the attribute,
if distribution level "4" is set. A human-readable identifier MUST
be represented as an unsigned integer.
sharing_group_id is represented by a JSON string and SHOULD be
present. If a distribution level other than "4" is chosen the
sharing_group_id MUST be set to "0".
2.4.2.11. deleted
deleted represents a setting that allows attributes to be revoked.
Revoked attributes are not actionable and exist merely to inform
other instances of a revocation.
deleted is represented by a JSON boolean. deleted MUST be present.
2.4.2.12. data
data contains the base64 encoded contents of an attachment or a
malware sample. For malware samples, the sample MUST be encrypted
using a password protected zip archive, with the password being
"infected".
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data is represented by a JSON string in base64 encoding. data MUST be
set for attributes of type malware-sample and attachment.
2.4.2.13. RelatedAttribute
RelatedAttribute is an array of attributes correlating with the
current attribute. Each element in the array represents an JSON
object which contains an Attribute dictionnary with the external
attributes who correlate. Each Attribute MUST include the id,
org_id, info and a value. Only the correlations found on the local
instance are shown in RelatedAttribute.
RelatedAttribute MAY be present.
2.4.2.14. ShadowAttribute
ShadowAttribute is an array of shadow attributes that serve as
proposals by third parties to alter the containing attribute. The
structure of a ShadowAttribute is similar to that of an Attribute,
which can be accepted or discarded by the event creator. If
accepted, the original attribute containing the shadow attribute is
removed and the shadow attribute is converted into an attribute.
Each shadow attribute that references an attribute MUST contain the
containing attribute's ID in the old_id field and the event's ID in
the event_id field.
2.4.2.15. value
value represents the payload of an attribute. The format of the
value is dependent on the type of the attribute.
value is represented by a JSON string. value MUST be present.
2.4.2.16. first_seen
first_seen represents a reference time when the attribute was first
seen. first_seen is expressed as an ISO 8601 datetime up to the
micro-second with time zone support.
first_seen is represented as a JSON string. first_seen MAY be
present.
2.4.2.17. last_seen
last_seen represents a reference time when the attribute was last
seen. last_seen is expressed as an ISO 8601 datetime up to the micro-
second with time zone support.
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last_seen is represented as a JSON string. last_seen MAY be present.
2.5. ShadowAttribute
ShadowAttributes are 3rd party created attributes that either propose
to add new information to an event or modify existing information.
They are not meant to be actionable until the event creator accepts
them - at which point they will be converted into attributes or
modify an existing attribute.
They are similar in structure to Attributes but additionally carry a
reference to the creator of the ShadowAttribute as well as a
revocation flag.
2.5.1. Sample Attribute Object
"ShadowAttribute": {
"id": "8",
"type": "ip-src",
"category": "Network activity",
"to_ids": false,
"uuid": "57d475f1-da78-4569-89de-1458c0a83869",
"event_uuid": "57d475e6-41c4-41ca-b450-145ec0a83869",
"event_id": "9",
"old_id": "319",
"comment": "",
"org_id": "1",
"proposal_to_delete": false,
"value": "5.5.5.5",
"deleted": false,
"Org": {
"id": "1",
"name": "MISP",
"uuid": "568cce5a-0c80-412b-8fdf-1ffac0a83869"
},
"first_seen": "2019-06-02T22:14:28.711954+00:00",
"last_seen": null
}
2.5.2. ShadowAttribute Attributes
2.5.2.1. uuid
uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of
the event. The uuid MUST be preserved for any updates or transfer of
the same event. UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED when assigning it to a
new event.
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uuid is represented as a JSON string. uuid MUST be present.
2.5.2.2. id
id represents the human-readable identifier associated to the event
for a specific MISP instance. human-readable identifier MUST be
represented as an unsigned integer. id is represented as a JSON
string. id SHALL be present.
2.5.2.3. type
type represents the means through which an attribute tries to
describe the intent of the attribute creator, using a list of pre-
defined attribute types.
type is represented as a JSON string. type MUST be present and it
MUST be a valid selection for the chosen category. The list of valid
category-type combinations is as follows:
Antivirus detection
link, comment, text, hex, attachment, other, anonymised
Artifacts dropped
md5, sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, sha512/224, sha512/256,
sha3-224, sha3-256, sha3-384, sha3-512, ssdeep, imphash, telfhash,
impfuzzy, authentihash, vhash, cdhash, filename, filename|md5,
filename|sha1, filename|sha224, filename|sha256, filename|sha384,
filename|sha512, filename|sha512/224, filename|sha512/256,
filename|sha3-224, filename|sha3-256, filename|sha3-384,
filename|sha3-512, filename|authentihash, filename|vhash,
filename|ssdeep, filename|tlsh, filename|imphash,
filename|impfuzzy, filename|pehash, regkey, regkey|value, pattern-
in-file, pattern-in-memory, filename-pattern, pdb, stix2-pattern,
yara, sigma, attachment, malware-sample, named pipe, mutex,
process-state, windows-scheduled-task, windows-service-name,
windows-service-displayname, comment, text, hex, x509-fingerprint-
sha1, x509-fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-sha256, other,
cookie, gene, kusto-query, mime-type, anonymised, pgp-public-key,
pgp-private-key
Attribution
threat-actor, campaign-name, campaign-id, whois-registrant-phone,
whois-registrant-email, whois-registrant-name, whois-registrant-
org, whois-registrar, whois-creation-date, comment, text, x509-
fingerprint-sha1, x509-fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-sha256,
other, dns-soa-email, anonymised, email
External analysis
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md5, sha1, sha256, sha3-224, sha3-256, sha3-384, sha3-512,
filename, filename|md5, filename|sha1, filename|sha256,
filename|sha3-224, filename|sha3-256, filename|sha3-384,
filename|sha3-512, ip-src, ip-dst, ip-dst|port, ip-src|port, mac-
address, mac-eui-64, hostname, domain, domain|ip, url, user-agent,
regkey, regkey|value, AS, snort, bro, zeek, pattern-in-file,
pattern-in-traffic, pattern-in-memory, filename-pattern,
vulnerability, cpe, weakness, attachment, malware-sample, link,
comment, text, x509-fingerprint-sha1, x509-fingerprint-md5, x509-
fingerprint-sha256, ja3-fingerprint-md5, jarm-fingerprint, hassh-
md5, hasshserver-md5, github-repository, other, cortex,
anonymised, community-id
Financial fraud
btc, dash, xmr, iban, bic, bank-account-nr, aba-rtn, bin, cc-
number, prtn, phone-number, comment, text, other, hex, anonymised
Internal reference
text, link, comment, other, hex, anonymised, git-commit-id
Network activity
ip-src, ip-dst, ip-dst|port, ip-src|port, port, hostname, domain,
domain|ip, mac-address, mac-eui-64, email, email-dst, email-src,
eppn, url, uri, user-agent, http-method, AS, snort, pattern-in-
file, filename-pattern, stix2-pattern, pattern-in-traffic,
attachment, comment, text, x509-fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-
sha1, x509-fingerprint-sha256, ja3-fingerprint-md5, jarm-
fingerprint, hassh-md5, hasshserver-md5, other, hex, cookie,
hostname|port, bro, zeek, anonymised, community-id, email-subject,
favicon-mmh3
Other
comment, text, other, size-in-bytes, counter, datetime, cpe, port,
float, hex, phone-number, boolean, anonymised, pgp-public-key,
pgp-private-key
Payload delivery
md5, sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, sha512/224, sha512/256,
sha3-224, sha3-256, sha3-384, sha3-512, ssdeep, imphash, telfhash,
impfuzzy, authentihash, vhash, pehash, tlsh, cdhash, filename,
filename|md5, filename|sha1, filename|sha224, filename|sha256,
filename|sha384, filename|sha512, filename|sha512/224,
filename|sha512/256, filename|sha3-224, filename|sha3-256,
filename|sha3-384, filename|sha3-512, filename|authentihash,
filename|vhash, filename|ssdeep, filename|tlsh, filename|imphash,
filename|impfuzzy, filename|pehash, mac-address, mac-eui-64, ip-
src, ip-dst, ip-dst|port, ip-src|port, hostname, domain, email,
email-src, email-dst, email-subject, email-attachment, email-body,
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url, user-agent, AS, pattern-in-file, pattern-in-traffic,
filename-pattern, stix2-pattern, yara, sigma, mime-type,
attachment, malware-sample, link, malware-type, comment, text,
hex, vulnerability, cpe, weakness, x509-fingerprint-sha1, x509-
fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-sha256, ja3-fingerprint-md5,
jarm-fingerprint, hassh-md5, hasshserver-md5, other,
hostname|port, email-dst-display-name, email-src-display-name,
email-header, email-reply-to, email-x-mailer, email-mime-boundary,
email-thread-index, email-message-id, mobile-application-id,
chrome-extension-id, whois-registrant-email, anonymised
Payload installation
md5, sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, sha512/224, sha512/256,
sha3-224, sha3-256, sha3-384, sha3-512, ssdeep, imphash, telfhash,
impfuzzy, authentihash, vhash, pehash, tlsh, cdhash, filename,
filename|md5, filename|sha1, filename|sha224, filename|sha256,
filename|sha384, filename|sha512, filename|sha512/224,
filename|sha512/256, filename|sha3-224, filename|sha3-256,
filename|sha3-384, filename|sha3-512, filename|authentihash,
filename|vhash, filename|ssdeep, filename|tlsh, filename|imphash,
filename|impfuzzy, filename|pehash, pattern-in-file, pattern-in-
traffic, pattern-in-memory, filename-pattern, stix2-pattern, yara,
sigma, vulnerability, cpe, weakness, attachment, malware-sample,
malware-type, comment, text, hex, x509-fingerprint-sha1, x509-
fingerprint-md5, x509-fingerprint-sha256, mobile-application-id,
chrome-extension-id, other, mime-type, anonymised
Payload type
comment, text, other, anonymised
Persistence mechanism
filename, regkey, regkey|value, comment, text, other, hex,
anonymised
Person
first-name, middle-name, last-name, date-of-birth, place-of-birth,
gender, passport-number, passport-country, passport-expiration,
redress-number, nationality, visa-number, issue-date-of-the-visa,
primary-residence, country-of-residence, special-service-request,
frequent-flyer-number, travel-details, payment-details, place-
port-of-original-embarkation, place-port-of-clearance, place-port-
of-onward-foreign-destination, passenger-name-record-locator-
number, comment, text, other, phone-number, identity-card-number,
anonymised, email, pgp-public-key, pgp-private-key
Social network
github-username, github-repository, github-organisation, jabber-
id, twitter-id, email, email-src, email-dst, eppn, comment, text,
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other, whois-registrant-email, anonymised, pgp-public-key, pgp-
private-key
Support Tool
link, text, attachment, comment, other, hex, anonymised
Targeting data
target-user, target-email, target-machine, target-org, target-
location, target-external, comment, anonymised
Attributes are based on the usage within their different communities.
Attributes can be extended on a regular basis and this reference
document is updated accordingly.
2.5.2.4. category
category represents the intent of what the attribute is describing as
selected by the attribute creator, using a list of pre-defined
attribute categories.
category is represented as a JSON string. category MUST be present
and it MUST be a valid selection for the chosen type. The list of
valid category-type combinations is mentioned above.
2.5.2.5. to_ids
to_ids represents whether the Attribute to be created if the
ShadowAttribute is accepted is meant to be actionable. Actionable
defined attributes that can be used in automated processes as a
pattern for detection in Local or Network Intrusion Detection System,
log analysis tools or even filtering mechanisms.
to_ids is represented as a JSON boolean. to_ids MUST be present.
2.5.2.6. event_id
event_id represents a human-readable identifier referencing the Event
object that the ShadowAttribute belongs to.
The event_id SHOULD be updated when the event is imported to reflect
the newly created event's id on the instance.
event_id is represented as a JSON string. event_id MUST be present.
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2.5.2.7. old_id
old_id represents a human-readable identifier referencing the
Attribute object that the ShadowAttribute belongs to. A
ShadowAttribute can this way target an existing Attribute, implying
that it is a proposal to modify an existing Attribute, or
alternatively it can be a proposal to create a new Attribute for the
containing Event.
The old_id SHOULD be updated when the event is imported to reflect
the newly created Attribute's id on the instance. Alternatively, if
the ShadowAttribute proposes the creation of a new Attribute, it
should be set to 0.
old_id is represented as a JSON string. old_id MUST be present.
2.5.2.8. timestamp
timestamp represents a reference time when the attribute was created
or last modified. timestamp is expressed in seconds (decimal) since
1st of January 1970 (Unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
timestamp is represented as a JSON string. timestamp MUST be present.
2.5.2.9. comment
comment is a contextual comment field.
comment is represented by a JSON string. comment MAY be present.
2.5.2.10. org_id
org_id represents a human-readable identifier referencing the
proposal creator's Organisation object. A human-readable identifier
MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
Whilst attributes can only be created by the event creator
organisation, shadow attributes can be created by third parties.
org_id tracks the creator organisation.
org_id is represented by a JSON string and MUST be present.
2.5.2.11. proposal_to_delete
proposal_to_delete is a boolean flag that sets whether the shadow
attribute proposes to alter an attribute, or whether it proposes to
remove it completely.
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Accepting a shadow attribute with this flag set will remove the
target attribute.
proposal_to_delete is a JSON boolean and it MUST be present. If
proposal_to_delete is set to true, old_id MUST NOT be 0.
2.5.2.12. deleted
deleted represents a setting that allows shadow attributes to be
revoked. Revoked shadow attributes only serve to inform other
instances that the shadow attribute is no longer active.
deleted is represented by a JSON boolean. deleted SHOULD be present.
2.5.2.13. data
data contains the base64 encoded contents of an attachment or a
malware sample. For malware samples, the sample MUST be encrypted
using a password protected zip archive, with the password being
"infected".
data is represented by a JSON string in base64 encoding. data MUST be
set for shadow attributes of type malware-sample and attachment.
2.5.2.14. first_seen
first_seen represents a reference time when the attribute was first
seen. first_seen as an ISO 8601 datetime up to the micro-second with
time zone support.
first_seen is represented as a JSON string. first_seen MAY be
present.
2.5.2.15. last_seen
last_seen represents a reference time when the attribute was last
seen. last_seen as an ISO 8601 datetime up to the micro-second with
time zone support.
last_seen is represented as a JSON string. last_seen MAY be present.
2.5.3. Org
An Org object is composed of an uuid, name and id.
The uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID)
[RFC4122] of the organization. The organization UUID is globally
assigned to an organization and SHALL be kept overtime.
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The name is a readable description of the organization and SHOULD be
present. The id is a human-readable identifier generated by the
instance and used as reference in the event. A human-readable
identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
uuid, name and id are represented as a JSON string. uuid, name and id
MUST be present.
2.5.3.1. Sample Org Object
"Org": {
"id": "2",
"name": "CIRCL",
"uuid": "55f6ea5e-2c60-40e5-964f-47a8950d210f"
}
2.5.3.2. value
value represents the payload of an attribute. The format of the
value is dependent on the type of the attribute.
value is represented by a JSON string. value MUST be present.
2.6. Object
Objects serve as a contextual bond between a list of attributes
within an event. Their main purpose is to describe more complex
structures than can be described by a single attribute Each object is
created using an Object Template and carries the meta-data of the
template used for its creation within. Objects belong to a meta-
category and are defined by a name.
The schema used is described by the template_uuid and
template_version fields.
A MISP document containing an Object MUST contain a name, a meta-
category, a description, a template_uuid and a template_version as
described in the "Object Attributes" section.
2.6.1. Sample Object
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"Object": {
"id": "588",
"name": "file",
"meta-category": "file",
"description": "File object describing a file with meta-information",
"template_uuid": "688c46fb-5edb-40a3-8273-1af7923e2215",
"template_version": "3",
"event_id": "56",
"uuid": "398b0094-0384-4c48-9bf0-22b3dff9c4d3",
"timestamp": "1505747965",
"distribution": "5",
"sharing_group_id": "0",
"comment": "",
"deleted": false,
"ObjectReference": [],
"Attribute": [
{
"id": "7822",
"type": "filename",
"category": "Payload delivery",
"to_ids": true,
"uuid": "59bfe3fb-bde0-4dfe-b5b1-2b10a07724d1",
"event_id": "56",
"distribution": "0",
"timestamp": "1505747963",
"comment": "",
"sharing_group_id": "0",
"deleted": false,
"disable_correlation": false,
"object_id": "588",
"object_relation": "filename",
"value": "StarCraft.exe",
"ShadowAttribute": [],
"first_seen": null,
"last_seen": null
},
"first_seen": "2019-06-02T22:14:28.711954+00:00",
"last_seen": null
]
}
Figure 1
2.6.2. Object Attributes
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2.6.2.1. uuid
uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of
the object. The uuid MUST be preserved for any updates or transfer
of the same object. UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED when assigning it
to a new object.
2.6.2.2. id
id represents the human-readable identifier associated to the object
for a specific MISP instance. A human-readable identifier MUST be
represented as an unsigned integer.
id is represented as a JSON string. id SHALL be present.
2.6.2.3. name
name represents the human-readable name of the object describing the
intent of the object package.
name is represented as a JSON string. name MUST be present
2.6.2.4. meta-category
meta-category represents the sub-category of objects that the given
object belongs to. meta-categories are not tied to a fixed list of
options but can be created on the fly.
meta-category is represented as a JSON string. meta-category MUST be
present
2.6.2.5. description
description is a human-readable description of the given object type,
as derived from the template used for creation.
description is represented as a JSON string. id SHALL be present.
2.6.2.6. template_uuid
uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of
the template used to create the object. The uuid MUST be preserved
to preserve the object's association with the correct template used
for creation. UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED when assigning it to a
new object.
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2.6.2.7. template_version
template_version represents a numeric incrementing version of the
template used to create the object. It is used to associate the
object to the correct version of the template and together with the
template_uuid forms an association to the correct template type and
version.
version is represented as a JSON string. version MUST be present.
2.6.2.8. event_id
event_id represents the human-readable identifier of the event that
the object belongs to on a specific MISP instance. A human-readable
identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
event_id is represented as a JSON string. event_id SHALL be present.
2.6.2.9. timestamp
timestamp represents a reference time when the object was created or
last modified. timestamp is expressed in seconds (decimal) since 1st
of January 1970 (Unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
timestamp is represented as a JSON string. timestamp MUST be present.
2.6.2.10. distribution
distribution represents the basic distribution rules of the object.
The system must adhere to the distribution setting for access control
and for dissemination of the object.
distribution is represented by a JSON string. distribution MUST be
present and be one of the following options:
0
Your Organisation Only
1
This Community Only
2
Connected Communities
3
All Communities
4
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Sharing Group
2.6.2.11. sharing_group_id
sharing_group_id represents a human-readable identifier referencing a
Sharing Group object that defines the distribution of the object, if
distribution level "4" is set. A human-readable identifier MUST be
represented as an unsigned integer.
sharing_group_id is represented by a JSON string and SHOULD be
present. If a distribution level other than "4" is chosen the
sharing_group_id MUST be set to "0".
2.6.2.12. comment
comment is a contextual comment field.
comment is represented by a JSON string. comment MAY be present.
2.6.2.13. deleted
deleted represents a setting that allows attributes to be revoked.
Revoked attributes are not actionable and exist merely to inform
other instances of a revocation.
deleted is represented by a JSON boolean. deleted MUST be present.
2.6.2.14. Attribute
Attribute is an array of attributes that describe the object with
data.
Each attribute in an object MUST contain the parent event's ID in the
event_id field and the parent object's ID in the object_id field.
2.6.2.15. first_seen
first_seen represents a reference time when the object was first
seen. first_seen as an ISO 8601 datetime up to the micro-second with
time zone support.
first_seen is represented as a JSON string. first_seen MAY be
present.
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2.6.2.16. last_seen
last_seen represents a reference time when the object was last seen.
last_seen as an ISO 8601 datetime up to the micro-second with time
zone support.
last_seen is represented as a JSON string. last_seen MAY be present.
2.7. Object References
Object References serve as a logical link between an Object and
another referenced Object or Attribute. The relationship is
categorised by an enumerated value from a fixed vocabulary.
The relationship_type is recommended to be taken from the MISP object
relationship list [[MISP-R]] is RECOMMENDED to ensure a coherent
naming of the tags
All Object References MUST contain an object_uuid, a referenced_uuid
and a relationship type.
2.7.1. Sample ObjectReference object
"ObjectReference": {
"id": "195",
"uuid": "59c21a2c-c0ac-4083-93b3-363da07724d1",
"timestamp": "1505892908",
"object_id": "591",
"event_id": "113",
"referenced_id": "590",
"referenced_type": "1",
"relationship_type": "derived-from",
"comment": "",
"deleted": false,
"object_uuid": "59c1134d-8a40-4c14-ad94-0f7ba07724d1",
"referenced_uuid": "59c1133c-9adc-4d06-a34b-0f7ca07724d1",
}
2.7.2. ObjectReference Attributes
2.7.2.1. uuid
uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of
the object reference. The uuid MUST be preserved for any updates or
transfer of the same object reference. UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED
when assigning it to a new object reference.
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2.7.2.2. id
id represents the human-readable identifier associated to the object
reference for a specific MISP instance.
id is represented as a JSON string. id SHALL be present.
2.7.2.3. timestamp
timestamp represents a reference time when the object was created or
last modified. timestamp is expressed in seconds (decimal) since 1st
of January 1970 (Unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
timestamp is represented as a JSON string. timestamp MUST be present.
2.7.2.4. object_id
object_id represents the human-readable identifier of the object that
the object reference belongs to on a specific MISP instance. A
human-readable identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
event_id is represented as a JSON string. event_id SHALL be present.
2.7.2.5. event_id
event_id represents the human-readable identifier of the event that
the object reference belongs to on a specific MISP instance. A
human-readable identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
event_id is represented as a JSON string. event_id SHALL be present.
2.7.2.6. referenced_id
referenced_id represents the human-readable identifier of the object
or attribute that the parent object of the object reference points to
on a specific MISP instance.
referenced_id is represented as a JSON string. referenced_id MAY be
present.
2.7.2.7. referenced_type
referenced_type represents the numeric value describing what the
object reference points to, "0" representing an attribute and "1"
representing an object
referenced_type is represented as a JSON string. referenced_type MAY
be present.
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2.7.2.8. relationship_type
relationship_type represents the human-readable context of the
relationship between an object and another object or attribute as
described by the object_reference.
referenced_type is represented as a JSON string. relationship_type
MUST be present.
2.7.2.9. comment
comment is a contextual comment field.
comment is represented by a JSON string. comment MAY be present.
2.7.2.10. deleted
deleted represents a setting that allows object references to be
revoked. Revoked object references are not actionable and exist
merely to inform other instances of a revocation.
deleted is represented by a JSON boolean. deleted MUST be present.
2.7.2.11. object_uuid
object_uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID)
[RFC4122] of the object that the given object reference belongs to.
The object_uuid MUST be preserved to preserve the object reference's
association with the object.
2.7.2.12. referenced_uuid
referenced_uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID)
[RFC4122] of the object or attribute that is being referenced by the
object reference. The referenced_uuid MUST be preserved to preserve
the object reference's association with the object or attribute.
2.8. EventReport
EventReport are used to complement an event with one or more report
in Markdown format. The EventReport contains unstructured
information which can be linked to Attributes, Objects, Tags or
Galaxy with an extension to the Markdown marking language.
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2.8.1. id
id represents the human-readable identifier associated to the
EventReport for a specific MISP instance. A human-readable
identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
id is represented as a JSON string. id SHALL be present.
2.8.2. UUID
uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of
the EventReport. The uuid MUST be preserved for any updates or
transfer of the same EventReport. UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED when
assigning it to a new EventReport.
uuid is represented as a JSON string. uuid MUST be present.
2.8.3. event_id
event_id represents the human-readable identifier associating the
EventReport to an event on a specific MISP instance. A human-
readable identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned integer.
event_id is represented as a JSON string. event_id MUST be present.
2.8.4. name
name represents the information field of the EventReport. name is a
free-text value to provide a human-readable summary of the report.
name SHOULD NOT be bigger than 256 characters and SHOULD NOT include
new-lines.
name is represented as a JSON string. name MUST be present.
2.8.5. content
content includes the raw EventReport in Markdown format with or
without the specific MISP Markdown markup extension.
The markdown extension for MISP is composed with a symbol as prefix
then between square bracket the scope (attribute, object, tag or
galaxymatrix) followed by the UUID in parenthesis.
content is represented as a JSON string. content MUST be present.
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2.8.6. distribution
distribution represents the basic distribution rules of the
EventReport. The system must adhere to the distribution setting for
access control and for dissemination of the EventReport.
distribution is represented by a JSON string. distribution MUST be
present and be one of the following options:
0
Your Organisation Only
1
This Community Only
2
Connected Communities
3
All Communities
4
Sharing Group
5
Inherit Event
2.8.7. sharing_group_id
sharing_group_id represents the local id to the MISP local instance
of the Sharing Group associated for the distribution.
sharing_group_id is represented by a JSON string. sharing_group_id
MUST be present and set to "0" if not used.
2.8.8. timestamp
timestamp represents a reference time when the EventReport was
created or last modified. timestamp is expressed in seconds (decimal)
since 1st of January 1970 (Unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be
UTC.
timestamp is represented as a JSON string. timestamp MUST be present.
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2.8.9. deleted
deleted represents a setting that allows EventReport to be revoked.
Revoked EventReport are not actionable and exist merely to inform
other instances of a revocation.
deleted is represented by a JSON boolean. deleted MUST be present.
2.9. Tag
A tag is a simple method to classify an event with a simple string.
The tag name can be freely chosen. The tag name can be also chosen
from a fixed machine-tag vocabulary called MISP taxonomies[[MISP-T]].
When an event is distributed outside an organisation, the use of MISP
taxonomies[[MISP-T]] is RECOMMENDED to ensure a coherent naming of
the tags. A tag is represented as a JSON array where each element
describes each tag associated. A tag array SHALL be at event level
or attribute level. A tag element is described with a name, id,
colour and exportable flag.
exportable represents a setting if the tag is kept local or
exportable to other MISP instances. exportable is represented by a
JSON boolean. id is a human-readable identifier that references the
tag on the local instance. colour represents an RGB value of the tag.
name MUST be present. colour, id and exportable SHALL be present.
2.9.1. Sample Tag
"Tag": [{
"exportable": true,
"colour": "#ffffff",
"name": "tlp:white",
"id": "2" }]
2.10. Sighting
A sighting is an ascertainment which describes whether an attribute
has been seen under a given set of conditions. The sighting can
include the organisation who sighted the attribute or can be
anonymised. Sighting is composed of a JSON array in which each
element describes one singular instance of a sighting. A sighting
element is a JSON object composed of the following values:
type MUST be present. type describes the type of a sighting. MISP
allows 3 default types:
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+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Sighting | Description |
| type | |
+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 0 | denotes an attribute which has been seen |
| 1 | denotes an attribute which has been seen and |
| | confirmed as false-positive |
| 2 | denotes an attribute which will be expired at the |
| | time of the sighting |
+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
uuid MUST be present. uuid references the uuid of the sighted
attribute.
date_sighting MUST be present. date_sighting is expressed in seconds
(decimal) elapsed since 1st of January 1970 (Unix timestamp).
date_sighting represents when the referenced attribute, designated by
its uuid, is sighted.
source MAY be present. source is represented as a JSON string and
represents the human-readable version of the sighting source, which
can be a given piece of software (e.g. SIEM), device or a specific
analytical process.
id, event_id and attribute_id MAY be present.
id represents the human-readable identifier of the sighting reference
which belongs to a specific MISP instance. event_id represents the
human-readable identifier of the event referenced by the sighting and
belongs to a specific MISP instance. attribute_id represents the
human-readable identifier of the attribute referenced by the sighting
and belongs to a specific MISP instance.
org_id MAY be present along the JSON object describing the
organisation. If the org_id is not present, the sighting is
considered as anonymised.
org_id represents the human-readable identifier of the organisation
which did the sighting and belongs to a specific MISP instance.
A human-readable identifier MUST be represented as an unsigned
integer.
2.10.1. Sample Sighting
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"Sighting": [
{
"id": "13599",
"attribute_id": "1201615",
"event_id": "10164",
"org_id": "2",
"date_sighting": "1517581400",
"uuid": "5a747459-41b4-4826-9b29-42dd950d210f",
"source": "M2M-CIRCL",
"type": "0",
"Organisation": {
"id": "2",
"uuid": "55f6ea5e-2c60-40e5-964f-47a8950d210f",
"name": "CIRCL"
}
},
{
"id": "13601",
"attribute_id": "1201615",
"event_id": "10164",
"org_id": "2",
"date_sighting": "1517581401",
"uuid": "5a74745a-a190-4d04-b719-4916950d210f",
"source": "M2M-CIRCL",
"type": "0",
"Organisation": {
"id": "2",
"uuid": "55f6ea5e-2c60-40e5-964f-47a8950d210f",
"name": "CIRCL"
}
}
]
2.11. Galaxy
A galaxy is a simple method to express a large object called cluster
that can be attached to MISP events. A cluster can be composed of
one or more elements. Elements are expressed as key-values.
2.11.1. Sample Galaxy
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"Galaxy": [ {
"id": "18",
"uuid": "698774c7-8022-42c4-917f-8d6e4f06ada3",
"name": "Threat Actor",
"type": "threat-actor",
"description": "Threat actors are characteristics of malicious actors
(or adversaries) representing a cyber attack threat
including presumed intent and historically observed behaviour.",
"version": "1",
"GalaxyCluster": [
{
"id": "1699",
"uuid": "7cdff317-a673-4474-84ec-4f1754947823",
"type": "threat-actor",
"value": "Anunak",
"tag_name": "misp-galaxy:threat-actor=\"Anunak\"",
"description": "Groups targeting financial organizations
or people with significant financial assets.",
"galaxy_id": "18",
"source": "MISP Project",
"authors": [
"Alexandre Dulaunoy",
"Florian Roth",
"Thomas Schreck",
"Timo Steffens",
"Various"
],
"tag_id": "111",
"meta": {
"synonyms": [
"Carbanak",
"Carbon Spider"
],
"country": [
"RU"
],
"motive": [
"Cybercrime"
]
}
}
]
}
]
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3. JSON Schema
The JSON Schema [JSON-SCHEMA] below defines the structure of the MISP
core format as literally described before. The JSON Schema is used
to validate MISP events at creation time or parsing.
{
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"title": "Validator for misp events",
"id": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/blob/2.4/format/2.4/schema.json",
"defs": {
"org": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"type": "string"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"required": [
"uuid"
]
},
"orgc": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"type": "string"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"required": [
"uuid"
]
},
"sharing_group": {
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"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"type": "string"
},
"releasability": {
"type": "string"
},
"description": {
"type": "string"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"organisation_uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"org_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"sync_user_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"active": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"created": {
"type": "string"
},
"modified": {
"type": "string"
},
"local": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"roaming": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"Organisation": {
"$ref": "#/defs/org"
},
"SharingGroupOrg": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
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"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/sharing_group_org"
}
},
"SharingGroupServer": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/sharing_group_server"
}
},
"required": [
"uuid"
]
},
"required": [
"uuid"
]
},
"sharing_group_org": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"sharing_group_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"org_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"extend": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"Organisation": {
"$ref": "#/defs/org"
}
}
},
"sharing_group_server": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"sharing_group_id": {
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"type": "string"
},
"server_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"all_orgs": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"Server": {
"$ref": "#/defs/server"
}
}
},
"server": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"url": {
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"type": "string"
}
}
},
"object": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"type": "string"
},
"event_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"description": {
"type": "string"
},
"template_uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"template_version": {
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"type": "string"
},
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"meta-category": {
"type": "string"
},
"deleted": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"timestamp": {
"type": "string"
},
"first_seen": {
"type": "string"
},
"last_seen": {
"type": "string"
},
"distribution": {
"type": "string"
},
"sharing_group_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"comment": {
"type": "string"
},
"ObjectReference": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/objectreference"
}
},
"Attribute": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/attribute"
}
}
}
},
"sighthing": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
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"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"attribute_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"event_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"source": {
"type": "string"
},
"type": {
"type": "string"
},
"org_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"date_sighting": {
"type": "string"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"Organisation": {
"$ref": "#/defs/organisation"
}
}
},
"organisation": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"type": "string"
}
}
},
"objectreference": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
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"properties": {
"deleted": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"object_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"event_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"timestamp": {
"type": "string"
},
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"type": {
"type": "string"
},
"referenced_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"referenced_uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"referenced_type": {
"type": "string"
},
"relationship_type": {
"type": "string"
},
"object_uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"comment": {
"type": "string"
},
"Object": {
"$ref": "#/defs/object"
}
}
},
"attribute": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
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"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"old_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"type": {
"type": "string"
},
"category": {
"type": "string"
},
"to_ids": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"event_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"event_uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"proposal_to_delete": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"validationIssue": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"Org": {
"$ref": "#/defs/organisation"
},
"org_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"distribution": {
"type": "string"
},
"timestamp": {
"type": "string"
},
"first_seen": {
"type": "string"
},
"last_seen": {
"type": "string"
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},
"comment": {
"type": "string"
},
"sharing_group_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"deleted": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"disable_correlation": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"value": {
"type": "string"
},
"data": {
"type": "string"
},
"object_relation": {
"type": ["string", "null"]
},
"object_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"SharingGroup": {
"$ref": "#/defs/sharing_group"
},
"ShadowAttribute": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/attribute"
}
},
"Sighting": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/sighthing"
}
},
"Galaxy": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/galaxy"
}
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},
"Tag": {
"uniqueItems": true,
"type": "array",
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/tag"
}
}
}
},
"event": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"orgc_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"org_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"date": {
"type": "string"
},
"extends_uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"threat_level_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"info": {
"type": "string"
},
"published": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"attribute_count": {
"type": "string"
},
"analysis": {
"type": "string"
},
"timestamp": {
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"type": "string"
},
"distribution": {
"type": "string"
},
"proposal_email_lock": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"locked": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"publish_timestamp": {
"type": "string"
},
"sharing_group_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"disable_correlation": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"event_creator_email": {
"type": "string"
},
"Org": {
"$ref": "#/defs/org"
},
"Orgc": {
"$ref": "#/defs/org"
},
"SharingGroup": {
"$ref": "#/defs/sharing_group"
},
"Attribute": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/attribute"
}
},
"ShadowAttribute": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/attribute"
}
},
"RelatedEvent": {
"type": "array",
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"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"Event":{
"$ref": "#/defs/event"
}
}
}
},
"Galaxy": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/galaxy"
}
},
"Object": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/object"
}
},
"Tag": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/tag"
}
}
}
},
"tag": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"type": "string"
},
"colour": {
"type": "string"
},
"exportable": {
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"type": "boolean"
},
"hide_tag": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"user_id": {
"type": "string"
}
}
},
"galaxy": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"type": "string"
},
"type": {
"type": "string"
},
"description": {
"type": "string"
},
"version": {
"type": "string"
},
"icon": {
"type": "string"
},
"namespace": {
"type": "string"
},
"GalaxyCluster": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"$ref": "#/defs/galaxy_cluster"
}
}
}
},
"galaxy_cluster": {
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"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string"
},
"uuid": {
"type": "string"
},
"type": {
"type": "string"
},
"value": {
"type": "string"
},
"tag_name": {
"type": "string"
},
"description": {
"type": "string"
},
"galaxy_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"version": {
"type": "string"
},
"source": {
"type": "string"
},
"authors": {
"type": "array",
"uniqueItems": true,
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"tag_id": {
"type": "string"
},
"meta": {
"type": "object"
}
}
}
},
"type": "object",
"properties": {
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"Event": {
"$ref": "#/defs/event"
}
},
"required": [
"Event"
]
}
4. Manifest
MISP events can be shared over an HTTP repository, a file package or
USB key. A manifest file is used to provide an index of MISP events
allowing to only fetch the recently updated files without the need to
parse each json file.
4.1. Format
A manifest file is a simple JSON file named manifest.json in a
directory where the MISP events are located. Each MISP event is a
file located in the same directory with the event uuid as filename
with the json extension.
The manifest format is a JSON object composed of a dictionary where
the field is the uuid of the event.
Each uuid is composed of a JSON object with the following fields
which came from the original event referenced by the same uuid:
o info (MUST)
o Orgc object (MUST)
o analysis (SHALL)
o timestamp (MUST)
o date (MUST)
o threat_level_id (SHALL)
In addition to the fields originating from the event, the following
fields can be added:
o integrity:sha256 represents the SHA256 value in hexadecimal
representation of the associated MISP event file to ensure
integrity of the file. (SHOULD)
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o integrity:pgp represents a detached PGP signature [RFC4880] of the
associated MISP event file to ensure integrity of the file.
(SHOULD)
If a detached PGP signature is used for each MISP event, a detached
PGP signature is a MUST to ensure integrity of the manifest file. A
detached PGP signature for a manifest file is a manifest.json.asc
file containing the PGP signature.
4.1.1. Sample Manifest
{
"57c6ac4c-c60c-4f79-a38f-b666950d210f": {
"info": "Malspam 2016-08-31 (.wsf in .zip) - campaign: Photo",
"Orgc": {
"id": "2",
"name": "CIRCL",
"uuid": "55f6ea5e-2c60-40e5-964f-47a8950d210f"
},
"analysis": "0",
"Tag": [
{
"colour": "#3d7a00",
"name": "circl:incident-classification=\"malware\""
},
{
"colour": "#ffffff",
"name": "tlp:white"
}
],
"timestamp": "1472638251",
"date": "2016-08-31",
"threat_level_id": "3"
},
"5720accd-dd28-45f8-80e5-4605950d210f": {
"info": "Malspam 2016-04-27 - Locky",
"Orgc": {
"id": "2",
"name": "CIRCL"
},
"analysis": "2",
"Tag": [
{
"colour": "#ffffff",
"name": "tlp:white"
},
{
"colour": "#3d7a00",
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"name": "circl:incident-classification=\"malware\""
},
{
"colour": "#2c4f00",
"name": "malware_classification:malware-category=\"Ransomware\""
}
],
"timestamp": "1461764231",
"date": "2016-04-27",
"threat_level_id": "3"
}
}
5. Implementation
MISP format is implemented by different software including the MISP
threat sharing platform and libraries like PyMISP [MISP-P].
Implementations use the format as an export/import mechanism, staging
transport format or synchronisation format as used in the MISP core
platform. MISP format doesn't impose any restriction on the data
representation of the format in data-structure of other
implementations.
6. Security Considerations
MISP events might contain sensitive or confidential information.
Adequate access control and encryption measures shall be implemented
to ensure the confidentiality of the MISP events.
Adversaries might include malicious content in MISP events and
attributes. Implementation MUST consider the input of malicious
inputs beside the standard threat information that might already
include malicious intended inputs.
7. Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank all the MISP community who are supporting
the creation of open standards in threat intelligence sharing. A
special thank to Nicolas Bareil for the review of the JSON Schema.
8. References
9. References
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9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4122] Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally
Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, July 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4122>.
[RFC4880] Callas, J., Donnerhacke, L., Finney, H., Shaw, D., and R.
Thayer, "OpenPGP Message Format", RFC 4880,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4880, November 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4880>.
[RFC8259] Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.
9.2. Informative References
[JSON-SCHEMA]
Wright, A., "JSON Schema: A Media Type for Describing JSON
Documents", 2016,
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wright-json-schema>.
[MISP-P] Community, M., "MISP Project - Open Source Threat
Intelligence Platform and Open Standards For Threat
Information Sharing", <https://github.com/MISP>.
[MISP-R] Community, M., "MISP Object Relationship Types - common
vocabulary of relationships", <https://github.com/MISP/
misp-objects/tree/master/relationships>.
[MISP-T] Community, M., "MISP Taxonomies - shared and common
vocabularies of tags",
<https://github.com/MISP/misp-taxonomies>.
Authors' Addresses
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Alexandre Dulaunoy
Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg
16, bd d'Avranches
Luxembourg L-1160
Luxembourg
Phone: +352 247 88444
Email: alexandre.dulaunoy@circl.lu
Andras Iklody
Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg
16, bd d'Avranches
Luxembourg L-1160
Luxembourg
Phone: +352 247 88444
Email: andras.iklody@circl.lu
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