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Agentic Intent Network (AIN): Applicability and Deployment Scenarios
draft-feng-nmrg-ain-deployment-00

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (individual)
Author Chong Feng
Last updated 2026-04-19
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draft-feng-nmrg-ain-deployment-00
Network Management Research Group                                C. Feng
Internet-Draft                                           Ruijie Networks
Intended status: Informational                                April 2026
Expires: 21 October 2026

  Agentic Intent Network (AIN): Applicability and Deployment Scenarios
                   draft-feng-nmrg-ain-deployment-00

Abstract

   The Agentic Intent Network (AIN) architecture defines a routing-based
   coordination substrate for open, heterogeneous, Internet-scale multi-
   agent systems.  This document describes applicability and deployment
   scenarios for AIN, targeting decision-makers in carrier networks,
   enterprises, and network equipment vendors.  It maps the technical
   mechanisms defined in [AIN-ARCH] to concrete operational contexts,
   describes migration paths from existing infrastructure, and discusses
   the cold-start bootstrapping challenge inherent to network-effect-
   dependent systems.  This document does not define new protocol
   mechanisms; it is intended to inform deployment planning and expand
   the AIN reader community beyond protocol engineers.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 3 October 2026.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2026 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Terminology and Document Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Deployment Scenarios Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  Scenario 1: Carrier Network Operator  . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.1.  Current State and Pain Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.2.  AIN Entry Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.3.  Migration Path  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.4.  Before and After Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Scenario 2: Enterprise (Dual Role as Originator and Handler
           Provider) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     5.1.  Current State and Pain Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     5.2.  AIN Entry Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     5.3.  Migration Path  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     5.4.  Before and After Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   6.  Scenario 3: Network Equipment Vendor  . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     6.1.  Current State and Pain Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     6.2.  Two Strategic Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     6.3.  Migration Path  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   7.  Scenario 4: AI-Native Application Developer . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.1.  Current State and Pain Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.2.  AIN Entry Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.3.  Migration Path  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   8.  The Cold-Start Problem and Bootstrap Strategies . . . . . . .  11
     8.1.  The Network Effect Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     8.2.  Recommended Bootstrap Sequence  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     8.3.  Role of Mode C (Gateway Execution)  . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   9.  Relationship to Existing Standards and Protocols  . . . . . .  12
     9.1.  Protocol Reuse and New Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     9.2.  Compatibility Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   12. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   13. Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15

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1.  Introduction

   The AIN architecture, defined in [AIN-ARCH], is written primarily for
   protocol engineers and researchers.  That text defines problem
   drivers, architectural components, design invariants, and a research
   agenda with the rigor required for interoperable implementations.
   Deployment decisions, however, are often made by a different
   audience: operators, CTO organizations, enterprise architects, and
   product managers.

   These stakeholders usually ask a different first question.  They do
   not ask, "What is the exact on-wire encoding?"  They ask, "Why should
   we do this now in our environment, and what is the lowest-risk first
   step?"  This document answers that question.  It maps mechanisms from
   [AIN-ARCH] to concrete operational contexts and migration paths that
   begin from current infrastructure.

   This style has precedent in IETF/IRTF Informational publications.
   [RFC7454] and [RFC8799] translate protocol concepts into deployment
   and operational guidance for decision-makers.  AIN benefits from the
   same approach because adoption is shaped by migration cost, role
   incentives, sequencing, and governance timing, not only by protocol
   design.

   The scenarios therefore use narrative language intentionally.
   Decision makers evaluate trajectories, not just mechanisms.  They
   need to compare before/after positions, identify where value appears
   in Months 1-6, and understand where unresolved research still exists.
   This format makes those trade-offs explicit without changing protocol
   semantics.

   This document does not define new AIN packet fields, new capability
   advertisement semantics, or new management objects.  Normative
   protocol behavior remains in the architecture document [AIN-ARCH].
   Normative language here is used only for critical operational
   constraints where architecture compliance matters directly; the rest
   is descriptive guidance for planning.

   Four scenarios are included: carrier operator, enterprise, equipment
   vendor, and AI-native developer.  Together they cover likely early
   adopters and ecosystem enablers.  Final sections address cold-start
   bootstrapping and clarify compatibility expectations with existing
   standards, including explicit inter-domain cautions.

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2.  Terminology and Document Conventions

   All AIN-specific terms, including Intent Router, Handler, Originator,
   IC-OID, CAP, CRT, Agent Domain, Mode A through Mode E, and the
   Foreman Pattern, are defined in [AIN-ARCH] and are not redefined
   here.

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   This document uses SHOULD where architecture compliance is important.
   Otherwise, it uses descriptive language.

   The following terms are defined for use in this document.  They
   describe deployment roles, execution modes, and coordination patterns
   that are relevant to the scenarios presented here.  They are
   consistent with the component model defined in [AIN-ARCH] Section 5.5
   and are introduced here to support deployment planning without
   requiring additional companion documents.

   Routing and Infrastructure Operator (RIO):  An entity that operates
      Intent Routers and Agent Domain infrastructure, analogous to an
      Internet Service Provider in IP networking.

   Intent-Aware Platform (IAP):  A platform operator that combines RIO-
      level infrastructure with value-added services above the routing
      substrate, such as capability marketplaces or managed Handler
      hosting.

   Capability Provider (CP):  An entity that operates one or more Intent
      Handlers and registers their capabilities via CAP into one or more
      Agent Domains.

   Mode A Handler (AI-Native Handler):  A Handler that natively
      processes Intent Datagrams and implements AIN interfaces directly,
      with no wrapping layer between the AIN control plane and the
      executing agent.

   Mode C Handler (Gateway Handler):  A Handler that wraps a legacy or
      non-AIN system, translating Intent Datagrams to and from
      proprietary interfaces.  The wrapped system requires no
      modification; the Mode C adapter presents a single AIN-facing
      interface regardless of internal complexity.

   Capability Description Language (CDL):  The vocabulary and schema

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      used to describe Handler capabilities in CAP messages and the IC-
      OID namespace.  CDL semantics determine how IC-OID prefixes are
      aggregated and how capability matching is performed.  CDL
      specification is identified as a Phase 1 research problem in
      [AIN-ARCH] Section 7.1.

   Foreman Pattern:  A deployment pattern in which a single registered
      Handler (the "foreman") accepts intents on behalf of an internal
      worker pool.  From the AIN routing perspective, the entire pool
      appears as one CRT entry, preventing route-state growth
      proportional to worker count.  This pattern is especially useful
      when workers are numerous, ephemeral, or dynamically scaled.

3.  Deployment Scenarios Overview

   Scenario 1 models a carrier operator that already runs large routing
   infrastructure and seeks monetization beyond commodity transport.
   This scenario is included because carriers can start AIN at one PoP
   with incremental operational risk.

   Scenario 2 models an enterprise that is both Originator and Handler
   provider.  This scenario is included because internal integration
   simplification can produce immediate value before any external
   peering.

   Scenario 3 models a network equipment vendor.  This scenario is
   included because deployment speed depends on software enablement of
   existing hardware fleets.

   Scenario 4 models an AI-native developer.  This scenario is included
   because many teams have application protocols but still lack scalable
   discovery and routing across domains.

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      +------------------+------------------+----------------------+
      | Scenario         | Primary Role     | AIN Entry Point      |
      +------------------+------------------+----------------------+
      | Carrier Operator | RIO / IAP        | Single Agent Domain  |
      |                  |                  | at one PoP           |
      +------------------+------------------+----------------------+
      | Enterprise       | Originator +     | Internal Intent      |
      |                  | Handler Provider | Router deployment    |
      +------------------+------------------+----------------------+
      | Equipment Vendor | Enabler          | Software module on   |
      |                  |                  | existing HW          |
      +------------------+------------------+----------------------+
      | AI-Native Dev.   | CP / Originator  | Handler registration |
      |                  |                  | via CAP              |
      +------------------+------------------+----------------------+

                        Table 1: Scenario Overview

4.  Scenario 1: Carrier Network Operator

4.1.  Current State and Pain Points

   Consider a carrier with PoPs in multiple regions, a mature BGP full-
   mesh underlay, and enterprise customers requesting API integration
   services.  Traffic grows while revenue per user declines.

   The pain point is that customers increasingly want agent-to-agent
   collaboration, while the carrier can monetize only bandwidth.  The
   intent layer between enterprise systems remains outside the carrier's
   service model.

4.2.  AIN Entry Point

   The operator upgrades edge routers at one PoP to support CAP as a
   software module and deploys the first Agent Domain.  AIN does not
   require new hardware categories; Intent Router forwarding and CAP
   support are implemented as software modules on existing router
   platforms [AIN-ARCH].  Enterprise Handlers then register to their
   nearest PoP.

4.3.  Migration Path

   +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
   | Phase          | Plan                                             |
   +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
   | Phase 1        | Single-domain pilot; static CRT; Mode C Gateway  |
   | (Months 1-6)   | Execution for legacy enterprise APIs             |
   +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+

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   | Phase 2        | OSPF-inspired intra-domain CAP propagation;      |
   | (Months 6-18)  | dynamic CRT; multiple PoPs connected             |
   +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
   | Phase 3        | Inter-domain CAP exchange with peer carriers     |
   | (Months        | (BGP-inspired inter-domain protocol, subject to  |
   | 18-36)         | ongoing research; see Section 7.2 of [AIN-ARCH]) |
   +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
   | Phase 4 (36+   | Handler capability marketplace portal; per-query |
   | months)        | billing analogous to DNS resolution combined     |
   |                | with CDN delivery                                |
   +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+

                     Table 2: Carrier Migration Phases

   IMPORTANT: Phase 3 is BGP-inspired in structure (capability prefix
   aggregation, border policy filtering, and per-domain administrative
   autonomy) but is NOT a literal BGP wire-protocol extension.  It
   requires new protocol design currently under research.  Operators
   SHOULD NOT plan Phase 3 based on [RFC4271] wire compatibility.

4.4.  Before and After Comparison

    +------------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
    | Dimension        | Before AIN   | After P1/P2 | After P3/P4    |
    +------------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
    | Revenue model    | Bandwidth    | Managed     | Intent routing |
    |                  | only         | domain fee  | + marketplace  |
    +------------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
    | Enterprise value | Connectivity | Internal    | Cross-domain   |
    | proposition      | only         | discovery   | capability     |
    |                  |              | and routing | exchange       |
    +------------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
    | Technical        | Familiar IP  | Added CAP   | Inter-domain   |
    | complexity       | operations   | and CRT ops | policy and     |
    |                  |              |             | governance     |
    +------------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
    | Inter-carrier    | Transit      | Optional    | Required for   |
    | coordination     | peering      |             | ecosystem      |
    |                  |              |             | scale          |
    +------------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+

                      Table 3: Carrier Before/After

5.  Scenario 2: Enterprise (Dual Role as Originator and Handler
    Provider)

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5.1.  Current State and Pain Points

   Consider a multinational manufacturer in five countries with SAP,
   Salesforce, ServiceNow, and proprietary MES systems.  Each new
   integration requires custom adapters and bilateral maintenance.

   A procurement AI assistant may need to trigger supply-chain
   replanning in another business unit where API documentation is not
   available.  This reproduces the N(N-1)/2 integration pattern.  At
   N=20 systems, that is 190 pairwise integrations.

5.2.  AIN Entry Point

   Deploy a lightweight Intent Router on x86 servers running CAP
   software.  Existing SAP and Salesforce interfaces are wrapped as Mode
   C Handlers using Execution Runtime adapters.  Internal AI assistants
   become Originators.

   Integration complexity collapses from O(N^2) pairwise links to O(N)
   registrations.

5.3.  Migration Path

   Phase 1: Single Intent Router, internal network only.  Existing
   systems wrapped as Mode C Handlers.  Internal AI assistants as
   Originators.  IC-OID namespace governed by internal IT policy.

   Phase 2: Connect to carrier AIN domain.  Cross-BU collaboration.
   Introduce Mode A Handlers for AI-native services.  Adopt Foreman
   Pattern for dynamic worker pools.

   Phase 3: Selectively expose Handlers to external partners.  Join AIN
   ecosystem as Capability Provider.  Participate in inter-domain
   routing.

5.4.  Before and After Comparison

     +-------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
     | Metric      | Before AIN   | After Phase1 | After Phase3      |
     +-------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
     | Integration | O(N^2)       | O(N) inside  | O(N) with         |
     | complexity  | custom links | one domain   | governed exposure |
     +-------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
     | Discovery   | Manual docs  | Internal CRT | Cross-domain      |
     | overhead    | and contacts | lookup       | lookup via policy |
     +-------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
     | Cross-BU    | Human relay  | Programmatic | Routed with       |
     | latency     | and tickets  | resolution   | external partners |

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     +-------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
     | Governance  | Distributed  | Central IT   | Expanded trust    |
     | overhead    | and opaque   | namespace    | and contracts     |
     |             |              | control      |                   |
     +-------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+

                      Table 4: Enterprise Before/After

6.  Scenario 3: Network Equipment Vendor

6.1.  Current State and Pain Points

   Consider a mid-size vendor with routers deployed in more than 200
   carriers.  BGP/OSPF business is stable but growth is slow.  Carriers
   now ask about AIN readiness.

   The pain point is perceived hardware commoditization risk if AIN
   functionality is treated as software only.

6.2.  Two Strategic Paths

      +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
      | Path A (Defensive)       | Path B (Offensive)              |
      +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
      | Implement CAP support as | Package edge routers as "AIN-   |
      | optional software module | ready" line and provide turnkey |
      |                          | first Agent Domain deployment   |
      +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
      | Allow existing routers   | Bundle hardware + software +    |
      | to join AIN control      | deployment services             |
      | plane                    |                                 |
      +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
      | Do not proactively       | Proactively market readiness    |
      | market readiness         | before standards freeze         |
      +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
      | Timeline: 6-12 months    | Timeline: 12-18 months to first |
      | software work            | reference deployment            |
      +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
      | Risk: Low, Cost: Low,    | Risk: Higher, Cost: Higher;     |
      | Upside: preserves        | Upside: ecosystem positioning   |
      | current position         | before standards freeze         |
      +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
      | Downside: misses first-  | Downside: larger execution and  |
      | mover position           | market risk                     |
      +--------------------------+---------------------------------+

                         Table 5: Strategic Paths

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6.3.  Migration Path

   Regardless of path, Phase 1 is identical: implement Intent Router
   forwarding and CAP support as software modules on existing hardware.
   [AIN-ARCH] confirms no new hardware category is needed; Intent Router
   forwarding and CAP processing are software functions.

   A vendor that completes Phase 1 can switch from Path A to Path B at
   any time.

   Because [AIN-ARCH] Section 5.6 Invariant 1 separates forwarding from
   execution, forwarding hardware retains differentiated value and the
   commodity risk is lower than initially feared.

7.  Scenario 4: AI-Native Application Developer

7.1.  Current State and Pain Points

   Teams building with LangGraph or A2A often have good in-domain agent
   collaboration but no shared discovery mechanism across organizations.
   They still negotiate bilateral APIs and maintain static endpoint
   files.

   A2A defines interaction format (analogous to HTTP) but not discovery
   or routing.  Endpoint knowledge must still be known in advance.  At
   scale this reproduces O(N^2) coupling.

7.2.  AIN Entry Point

   Existing agents register as Handlers via CAP and become discoverable
   through IC-OID without requiring callers to know concrete endpoints.

   A2A agent cards are candidate inputs to AIN CDL.  MCP tool
   integrations can be wrapped as Mode A Handlers.

7.3.  Migration Path

   Step 1: Register existing agents as Handlers.  Assign IC-OIDs.  No
   change to core agent logic; add CAP registration and Intent Datagram
   ingestion adapter.

   Step 2: Replace static endpoint config with Intent Router lookup.
   Originators emit Intent Datagrams; routing resolves Handler location
   dynamically.

   Step 3: Use Foreman Pattern for dynamic worker pools.  Worker
   lifecycle events do not force CRT churn.

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   Step 4: Enable cross-domain discovery when inter-domain routing is
   available (Phase 3 prerequisite; see Section 4.3).

   Key insight: AIN is not a replacement for A2A or MCP.  A2A defines
   handshake semantics; AIN provides discovery and routing so handshake
   can happen without prior endpoint knowledge.

8.  The Cold-Start Problem and Bootstrap Strategies

8.1.  The Network Effect Dependency

   AIN value grows with network effects; more Handlers make routing
   useful to more Originators.  First deployers therefore begin with a
   thin ecosystem.

   This is not a design flaw.  It is the same bootstrap challenge faced
   by routing infrastructures in their early phases, including the
   commercial Internet.

8.2.  Recommended Bootstrap Sequence

   1.  Start closed.  Deploy first within one enterprise or one PoP.
       Prove internal value before external connectivity.  Stage 1 value
       (O(N^2) to O(N) integration) is reachable with zero external
       participants.

   2.  Use Mode C as the entry ramp.  Mode C (Gateway Execution), as
       defined in Section 2 of this document and consistent with the
       Application Entities model in [AIN-ARCH] Section 5.5, lets legacy
       systems participate with minimal code change.  A full SAP
       environment can be exposed via a single Mode C adapter without
       changes to SAP itself.

   3.  Build internal proof before seeking peers.  Collect 6-12 months
       of latency, reliability, and integration-cost evidence before
       external onboarding.

   4.  Seed the capability directory.  Pre-populate IC-OID classes for
       internal capabilities before opening the domain externally.

8.3.  Role of Mode C (Gateway Execution)

   Mode C is central to cold-start because it turns legacy complexity
   into routable capability while keeping rewrites out of the critical
   path.

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   A Mode C Handler presents one AIN-facing interface while it
   orchestrates many legacy internals.  From routing perspective, a
   large SAP estate with many transaction types can appear as one
   registered Handler under well-defined IC-OIDs.

   This is the Foreman Pattern at the integration boundary: worker
   complexity stays local while routing-state growth remains controlled.

9.  Relationship to Existing Standards and Protocols

9.1.  Protocol Reuse and New Design

   AIN reuses protocol structures where semantics transfer exactly.  It
   introduces new mechanisms where IC-OID identifier semantics diverge
   from topological IP addressing.

   Operators can use the compatibility table below to plan tool-chain
   investment and identify low-friction reuse points.

9.2.  Compatibility Table

   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+
   | Existing Technology   | AIN Usage    |Reuse     | Notes           |
   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+
   | OSPF Opaque LSA       | Intra-domain |Structural| New             |
   | ([RFC5250])           | CAP          |analogy   | convergence     |
   |                       | propagation  |          | theory          |
   |                       |              |          | required        |
   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+
   | BGP MP Extensions     | Inter-domain |Structural| Not wire-       |
   | ([RFC4760])           | CAP exchange |analogy   | compat.; New    |
   |                       |              |          | protocol        |
   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+
   | NETCONF/YANG          | AIN          |Direct    | Management      |
   | ([RFC6241]/[RFC7950]) | management   |reuse     | plane           |
   |                       | plane        |          |                 |
   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+
   | SNMP OID format       | IC-OID       |Structural| Different       |
   |                       | structure    |analogy   | governance      |
   |                       |              |          | model           |
   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+
   | DNS resolution        | IC-OID       |Structural| DA not in       |
   |                       | Registry     |analogy   | forwarding      |
   |                       | governance   |          | path            |
   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+
   | A2A agent cards       | CDL          |Candidate | Under           |
   | ([A2A2025])           | capability   |reuse     | evaluation      |
   |                       | description  |          |                 |

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   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+
   | MCP tool spec         | Handler      |Candidate | Wrappable as    |
   | ([MCP2024])           | execution    |wrapper   | Mode A          |
   |                       | runtime      |          | Handler         |
   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+
   | IP TTL / hop limit    | Datagram hop |Exact     | Identical       |
   |                       | count        |reuse     | semantics       |
   +-----------------------+--------------+----------+-----------------+

                 Table 6: Existing Technology Compatibility

   Operators with existing NETCONF/YANG infrastructure can reuse it
   directly for AIN management-plane functions.  This is likely the
   lowest-cost integration point for experienced operators.

10.  Security Considerations

   This document does not define new protocol mechanisms and therefore
   introduces no security considerations beyond those in [AIN-ARCH].

   Deployment scenarios that use Mode C (Gateway Execution) should
   account for access-control boundaries when legacy systems are wrapped
   as AIN Handlers.  Existing ACL and authentication controls on wrapped
   systems remain in effect and are not bypassed by AIN routing.

   Operators should validate that exposing a legacy capability through a
   Mode C interface does not unintentionally broaden privilege scope.
   Least-privilege role mappings, credential hygiene, and auditable logs
   should be part of initial deployment readiness checks.

   In multi-tenant deployments, operators should also ensure that tenant
   boundaries in legacy back-end systems are preserved at the Handler
   boundary, especially when one Mode C gateway fronts multiple internal
   services.  Admission control, request attribution, and replay-
   resistant authentication are important companion controls for
   production rollout.  None of these controls are replaced by AIN
   routing; they remain local obligations of the wrapped execution
   environment.

11.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no IANA actions.

12.  Normative References

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   [AIN-ARCH] C., F., "Agentic Intent Network (AIN) Architecture", Work
              in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-feng-nmrg-ain-
              architecture-00, Work in Progress , 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-feng-nmrg-
              ain-architecture-00>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

13.  Informative References

   [A2A2025]  DeepMind, G., "Agent-to-Agent Protocol Specification
              v1.0", 2025.

   [MCP2024]  Anthropic, "Model Context Protocol", 2024.

   [RFC2328]  Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", RFC 2328, DOI 10.17487/RFC2328,
              April 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2328>.

   [RFC4271]  Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway
              Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, DOI 10.17487/RFC4271,
              January 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4271>.

   [RFC4760]  Bates, T., Chandra, R., Katz, D., and Y. Rekhter,
              "Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4", RFC 4760,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4760, January 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4760>.

   [RFC5250]  Berger, L., Bryskin, I., Zinin, A., and R. Coltun, "The
              OSPF Opaque LSA Option", RFC 5250, DOI 10.17487/RFC5250,
              July 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5250>.

   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., and A.
              Bierman, "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)",
              RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC6459]  Korhonen, J., Soininen, J., and B. Patil, "IPv6 in 3GPP
              Releases", RFC 6459, DOI 10.17487/RFC6459, January 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6459>.

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Internet-Draft               AIN Deployment                   April 2026

   [RFC7454]  Durand, A., Dhamdhere, A., Donley, C., and W. George, "BGP
              Operations and Security", RFC 7454, DOI 10.17487/RFC7454,
              February 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7454>.

   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
              RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.

   [RFC8799]  Carpenter, B. and B. Liu, "Limited Domains and Internet
              Protocols", RFC 8799, DOI 10.17487/RFC8799, July 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8799>.

Author's Address

   Chong Feng
   Ruijie Networks
   Email: fengchongllly@gmail.com

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