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Motivations and Problem Statement of Agentic AI for network management
draft-hong-nmrg-agenticai-ps-00

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (individual)
Authors Yong-Geun Hong , Joo-Sang Youn , Qin Wu , Benoît Claise
Last updated 2025-10-20
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draft-hong-nmrg-agenticai-ps-00
Network Management                                               Y. Hong
Internet-Draft                                        Daejeon University
Intended status: Informational                                   J. Youn
Expires: 23 April 2026                               DONG-EUI University
                                                                   Q. Wu
                                                                  Huawei
                                                               B. Claise
                                                          Everything OPS
                                                         20 October 2025

 Motivations and Problem Statement of Agentic AI for network management
                  draft-hong-nmrg-agenticai-ps-00

Abstract

   This document outlines the key objectives of introducing Agentic AI
   to the field of network management and highlights the fundamental
   issues with existing technologies that must be addressed to achieve
   these goals.  It emphasizes the necessity for relevant groups within
   the IETF/IRTF and presents the core technological areas requiring
   standardization.  The aim of Agentic AI is to facilitate a paradigm
   shift in which multiple autonomous AI agents collaborate to fully
   automate network operation, management and security.

Discussion Venues

   This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

   Discussion of this document takes place on the Network Management
   Research Group mailing list (nmrg@irtf.org), which is archived at
   https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/nmrg.

   Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
   https://github.com/billwuqin/agentic-ai-ps.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on 23 April 2026.

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   Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction
   2.  Conventions and Definitions
   3.  Agentic AI for Network mMnagement
     3.1.  Role of Agentic AI in Network Operations
     3.2.  Operation of Agentic AI for Network Management
       3.2.1.  Intelligence core
       3.2.2.  Execution & Interaction
   4.  Problem Statement of Existing Techniques for Agentic AI
     4.1.  Architectural Bottlenecks and the Failure of Centralization
     4.2.  Absence of agent-to-agent (A2A) Semantic Interoperability
     4.3.  Lack of Dynamic Trust and Accountability in Autonomous
           Behavior
     4.4.  Real-time Data Validity and Resilience Issues
     4.5.  Problems with the Existing IBN System: Rigidity of the
           Intent Translation Engine (ITE)
     4.6.  ANIMA ASA's Problem: Cognitive Simplicity
   5.  Objectives of Agentic AI for Operations & Management
     5.1.  Objective 1 - Autonomous Network Operations & Management
     5.2.  Objective 2 - Intelligent & Dynamic Resource Orchestration
     5.3.  Objective 3 - Predictive & Adaptive Network Security
     5.4.  Objective 4 - Enabling Novel Network Service Models
     5.5.  Objective 5 - Autonomous, High-Fidelity & Action-Aware
           Network Measurement
   6.  Use cases of Agentic AI for Operations & Management
     6.1.  Intent Based Service Delivery
     6.2.  Cross-layer and Cross-domain Multi-Agent communication for
           Complaint handling
     6.3.  AI Agent Driven Network Management
   7.  Security Considerations
   8.  IANA Considerations
   9.  References
     9.1.  Normative References
     9.2.  Informative References
   Acknowledgments
   Authors' Addresses

1.  Introduction

   The explosive growth of digital services and the increasing
   complexity of networks in 5G and future 6G environments demand real-
   time responsiveness, high efficiency and the ability to make
   autonomous decisions on a large scale from operational environments.
   To overcome the limitations of existing static automation methods and
   human-led Intent-Based Networking (IBN), a new Agentic AI-based
   paradigm is required.  This involves introducing autonomous software
   entities that can interpret information, make decisions, perform
   meaningful autonomous actions and adjust plans in response to
   changing circumstances.

   Unlike traditional automation, which relies on pre-programmed rules,
   agentic AI uses autonomous decision-making capabilities to handle
   large-scale network activities and customer requests swiftly and
   accurately.  These agents perform tasks such as network traffic
   management, fault resolution, and customer interaction support,
   continuously executing responses that previously required manual
   human review or escalation.

   Agentic AI uses large language models (LLMs) to encompass a wide
   variety of capabilities, such as reasoning, problem-solving,
   interacting with external environments and performing actions, which
   extend far beyond natural language processing.  It can decompose
   tasks, breaking down complex objectives into specific tasks and
   subtasks to achieve them.  This cognitive capacity enables a
   persistent cognitive cycle (observation, inference, action),
   continuously aligning network operations with high-level business
   intent.

   When such autonomous agents are widely deployed across the
   communications and network domains, standardized protocols are
   essential to ensure interoperability and security between different
   vendor platforms and network domains.  The collaborative nature of
   agent-based AI systems (multi-agent systems, or MAS) means that
   standardized agent-to-agent protocols (A2A protocols) must be defined
   to prevent silos forming within the system and to facilitate
   discovery, understanding and collaboration between agents.

2.  Conventions and Definitions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

3.  Agentic AI for Network mMnagement

3.1.  Role of Agentic AI in Network Operations

   The complexity of network management and network operations are
   increasing exponentially, due to the increased size of networks and
   the increased frequency of change, for for the new 5G and future 6G
   services.  This makes it increasingly difficult for existing
   automation techniques to meet the requirements for operational
   efficiency and service quality.  Consequently, Agentic AI is an
   essential technological advancement for the realization of autonomous
   networks.

   Agentic AI refers to intelligent systems that can act autonomously to
   achieve specific business objectives with minimal human supervision.
   These systems can reason through multi-step problems and adjust their
   actions in real time.  Unlike passive traditional AI systems that
   respond only to direct commands, Agentic AI is an active system
   operating within an autonomous, closed-loop framework.  This
   framework enables the system to perceive its environment, reason,
   plan a sequence of actions and execute them using various tools and
   APIs.  This autonomy enables it to perform complex, multi-step
   processes such as software development, data analysis and network
   management.

   The aim of autonomous networks is to leverage the capabilities of
   Agentic AI in order to transition operations and maintenance from
   static, human-managed, rule-based automation to dynamic, intent-based
   automation that is governed by humans.  The ultimate goal is to
   reduce management costs and complexity, enabling rapid business
   optimization at unprecedented levels.

   The primary objective of Agentic AI is to enable autonomous decision-
   making and the resolution of complex, multi-domain tasks.  This is
   crucial in bringing operations closer to the level of autonomy that
   Agentic AI aims to achieve, by facilitating cross-domain
   collaboration.  To achieve this, Agentic AI must align network
   capabilities with strategic business priorities, such as improving
   customer experience and reducing operational costs.  This involves
   translating comprehensive business intent into localized, actionable
   network configuration plans.

   Agentic AI optimizes resource allocation based on real-time demand
   and business objectives, enabling smarter resource and energy usage.
   In architecture research for 6G, for example, the application of
   constrained agentic AI techniques focused on energy efficiency and
   secure real-time learning for dynamic resource allocation has been
   identified as a key objective [Agentic-AI-Wireless].

   The Autonomic Networking Integrated Model and Approach (ANIMA)
   Working Group of the IETF developed the Autonomic Service Agent (ASA)
   for autonomic networking.  [RFC7575] defines the ASA as An agent
   implemented on an autonomic node that implements an autonomic
   function, either in part (in the case of a distributed function) or
   whole [RFC7575].  In other words, the ASA is a core component of
   ANIMA: a software module that performs autonomic functions on network
   nodes.  The ANIMA Working Group is defining design guidelines,
   lifecycle management, authorization and coordination standards for
   the ASA [ANIMA].

   IETF’ AI Preferences (AIPREF) Working Group is focused on
   standardizing a common vocabulary and mechanism through which users
   and systems can express their preferences regarding the use of their
   content in the development, training, deployment and use of AI models
   [AIPREF].

3.2.  Operation of Agentic AI for Network Management

   The principal components of agentic AI can be broadly divided into
   the intelligence core and the execution tool domain.

3.2.1.  Intelligence core

   The intelligence core is responsible for an agent's decision-making
   and problem-solving capabilities.  Large language models (LLMs) or
   specialized AI models form the basis of this core.  Reasoning Engine/
   LLM: This constitutes the core of the agent's brain.  It understands
   abstract objectives (intent) received from users or higher-level
   systems, creates step-by-step plans (plan) to achieve them, evaluates
   the outcomes of execution (reflection) and uses logical reasoning to
   modify plans or determine subsequent steps.

   Memory is the data repository that agents learn from and refer to.

   *  Short-term memory: It stores the context of the current task and
      recent execution results.

   *  Long-term memory: It stores persistent information such as
      previously successful solutions, general knowledge and network
      architecture guidelines.

   The tool Orchestrator manages the list of external tools (APIs,
   functions) available for agents to use.  During the planning phase,
   it determines which tool is most appropriate and, during the
   execution phase, it is responsible for calling the tool and
   accurately configuring the necessary parameters.

3.2.2.  Execution & Interaction

   These components enable the agent to communicate with and make
   changes to the external environment (i.e. the network or system).

   *  Tool set/capability: A collection of all the external interfaces
      that an agent uses to perform tasks within a network environment.

   *  Execution environment: A sandbox environment in which code
      generated according to the plan is executed safely, and external
      tools are invoked.

   *  Sensing/observation mechanism: The channel through which the agent
      verifies execution results and collects the current environmental
      state.  This involves more than just invoking tools; it
      continuously draws network events, sensor data and similar inputs
      into a feedback loop.

    +----------------------------------------------------------------+
    |                                                                |
    |   +--------------------------+                                 |
    |   |  1.GOAL / INTENT(Input)  |                                 |
    |   +------------------|-------+                                 |
    |                      v                                         |
    |            +---------+----------------+                        |
    |            |    2.AI AGENT(Brain)     |                        |
    |            |  (LLM/Reasoning Engine)  |                        |
    |            +---|-----------------|----+                        |
    |                |  Memory/Context |    |                        |
    |                +-----------------+    |                        |
    |                ^                      v                        |
    |      +---------|----------+    +------|------------+           |
    |      | 4.REFLECT(Compare) |    |  3.PLAN(Sequence) |           |
    |      | (Evaluate Outcome) |<---| (Action Breakdown)|           |
    |      +---------|----------+    +------|------------+           |
    |                |                      v                        |
    |                |   +------------------+----------------------+ |
    |                +---| 5.EXECUTE(Action) via Tool Orchestrator | |
    |                    +------------------|----------------------+ |
    |                                       v                        |
    |                 +---------------------+-----------------+      |
    |                 | 6.TOOL USE(API Calls & Configuration) |      |
    |                 |     (RESTCONF, Monitoring, etc.)      |      |
    |                 +-----------|-------------------|-------+      |
    |                             v                   ^              |
    |                 +-----------+-------------------+--------+     |
    |                 |   7.NETWORK ENVIRONMENT (The World)    |     |
    |                 | (Apply Changes & Sense/Observe State)  |     |
    |                 +----------------------------------------+     |
    |                                                                |
    +----------------------------------------------------------------+

                     Figure 1: Execution & Interaction

4.  Problem Statement of Existing Techniques for Agentic AI

4.1.  Architectural Bottlenecks and the Failure of Centralization

   Existing AI and automation systems have often relied on centralized
   infrastructure for data aggregation and heavy computing.  However,
   these centralized models cannot handle the volume, velocity, and
   distributed nature of Agentic AI workloads.  Centralized AI systems
   are constrained by central infrastructure, resulting in high latency
   due to round-trip times to the cloud.  Such latency is unacceptable
   for real-time applications such as self-healing and 5G slicing
   management.  There is also the issue that the central server becomes
   a bottleneck, limiting scalability.  The inherent limitations of such
   centralized models (single point of failure (SPoF), latency)
   inevitably drive Agentic AI architectures towards a distributed mesh
   form.  This leverages local processing at the edge for low latency
   and fault tolerance, requiring the standardization of distributed
   control and communication mechanisms that transcend conventional
   centralized SDN/management models.

4.2.  Absence of agent-to-agent (A2A) Semantic Interoperability

   Agentic systems are often built by different vendors using various
   frameworks, leading to fragmented and siloed system operations.
   Complex network management tasks require the decomposition of work
   and collaboration between specialized agents.  Without standardized
   agent-to-agent (A2A) protocols, bespoke connectors become necessary
   to connect these fragmented systems, slowing down development and
   integration speeds.

   Standardization must define consistent payloads and interfaces that
   support real-time interactions between systems, enabling agents to
   discover, understand, and collaborate with one another regardless of
   their underlying implementations.

4.3.  Lack of Dynamic Trust and Accountability in Autonomous Behavior

   The introduction of AI agents as autonomous entities performing
   actions at machine speed presents significant security and governance
   challenges.  Traditional identity and access management (IAM) focuses
   on human users or predefined roles.  However, autonomous agents
   operate with dynamic intent, require context-aware access, and must
   maintain provable accountability for every action they perform.
   Without a robust Zero Trust framework specifically designed for non-
   human autonomous entities, there is a risk of catastrophic security
   breaches or manipulation where autonomous systems could outpace human
   control capabilities.

4.4.  Real-time Data Validity and Resilience Issues

   The decision-making of AI agents is determined by the quality of the
   data they receive.  In a network environment, data quality is of
   paramount importance.  Incomplete, delayed, semantic-less, context-
   less, or corrupted data feeds can lead to severe operational or
   financial losses when agents take autonomous actions (e.g., traffic
   rerouting, forced execution of financial transactions).  Therefore,
   it must extend beyond the current focus on bandwidth and speed to
   include quality verification of the data agents rely upon and
   resilience of service paths.  This is essential to meet the
   requirements of continuously operating intelligent agents.

4.5.  Problems with the Existing IBN System: Rigidity of the Intent
      Translation Engine (ITE)

   Existing IBN systems rely on the Intent Translation Engine (ITE) or
   the Intent-Based System (IBS) spatial functionality to bridge the gap
   between the business intent and the network operational
   infrastructure.  This translation is typically driven by predefined
   data models such as YANG models and lacks the necessary adaptive
   flexibility when unforeseen conditions arise.  IBN fundamentally
   shifts operational modes to a dynamic intent-based approach, yet
   retains the inherent limitation that control remains under human
   oversight.  Agentic AI minimises or eliminates human intervention in
   this cognitive loop through LLM-based reasoning and planning
   capabilities, refining the IBN closed loop by integrating continuous
   reasoning and conflict resolution capabilities into the cognitive
   layer.  These capabilities represent what was lacking in the
   classical IBN definition and form the core technical objective.

4.6.  ANIMA ASA's Problem: Cognitive Simplicity

   ANIMA's ASAs are typically designed for specific, localized
   autonomous functions (e.g., prefix management, bootstrapping).  They
   rely heavily on predefined policy structures and lack the complex
   reasoning, planning, or self-reflection capabilities characteristic
   of Agentic AI (LLM-based task decomposition).  ANIMA's ASA is
   conceptually a precursor to Agentic AI, but lacks a cognitive core
   (LLM/inference engine).  Agentic AI introduces LLM-based planning and
   tool-use capabilities that require complex, semantic negotiation
   (A2A) beyond simple information exchange (GeneRic Autonomic Signaling
   Protocol; GRASP), demonstrating the necessity for a dedicated
   protocol layer that extends beyond the existing ANIMA framework.

5.  Objectives of Agentic AI for Operations & Management

5.1.  Objective 1 - Autonomous Network Operations & Management

   Beyond minimizing human intervention, it must implement a Autonomous
   Driving Netowrk (defined in TMF) that autonomously recognises,
   diagnoses, infers, and resolves issues even in unpredictable
   situations.

   Key Features:

   *  Predictive & Proactive Fault Management: AI agents learn traffic
      patterns, logs, and performance metrics in real time to identify
      potential causes before faults occur.  The network autonomously
      reroutes traffic or reallocates resources to prevent service
      interruptions at source.

   *  Intelligent Root Cause Analysis: In complex, intertwined fault
      scenarios, multiple agents collaborate to synthesize distributed
      data.  They deduce the root cause as a "problem of correlations"
      rather than a single point of failure and propose solutions.

   *  Autonomous Configuration & Optimization: AI agents comprehend
      high-level objectives such as ‘optimize user experience’ and
      autonomously configure and continuously fine-tune routing
      protocols, QoS policies, security rules, and other elements to
      achieve them.

5.2.  Objective 2 - Intelligent & Dynamic Resource Orchestration

   To address unpredictable traffic demands such as 6G, holographic
   communications, and large-scale IoT, network resources (computing,
   storage, bandwidth) are allocated and coordinated in real time and
   proactively.

   Key Features:

   *  Dynamic Network Slicing: AI agents recognize application
      requirements (latency, bandwidth, etc.) in real time, instantly
      creating, scaling, and downsizing customized network slices per
      user or service.

   *  Cross-Domain Resource Negotiation: AI agents distributed across
      networks of different telecommunications or cloud providers
      negotiate in real time to dynamically secure optimal resources,
      ensuring end-to-end quality for global services.

   *  Edge Computing Resource Optimization: By predicting edge node load
      and user mobility, AI agents dynamically reallocate workloads to
      optimal edge nodes while ensuring service continuity.

5.3.  Objective 3 - Predictive & Adaptive Network Security

   Beyond defending against known attack patterns, AI agents
   autonomously detect unknown zero-day attacks or advanced persistent
   threats (APTs) and reconfigure defence systems in real time.

   Key Features:

   *  Autonomous threat hunting and response: Security agents
      continuously detect minute anomalies across the entire network.
      If an anomaly is deemed a threat, they respond immediately by
      taking action such as isolating infected nodes or blocking attack
      traffic, all without human intervention.

   *  Dynamic Defense Posture: AI agents dynamically modify firewall
      policies, access control lists (ACLs), and traffic filtering rules
      in real time based on attack type and intensity, thereby
      minimizing the attack surface.

5.4.  Objective 4 - Enabling Novel Network Service Models

   By transforming the network itself into a single, vast distributed AI
   platform, it enables new communication services and business models
   that were previously impossible.

   Key Features:

   *  Intent-driven Service Creation: When a user requests in natural
      language, 'I want to play a lag-free VR game with my friends,' an
      AI agent interprets this and provides a Network-as-a-Service that
      instantly allocates the necessary resources (such as network
      slices and edge servers).

   *  Semantic Communication: Communication focuses on the “meaning” or
      “purpose” conveyed by data rather than the bits themselves,
      enabling ultra-efficient communication that achieves maximum
      effect with minimal data transmission.

5.5.  Objective 5 - Autonomous, High-Fidelity & Action-Aware Network
      Measurement

   To turn raw network telemetry into trustworthy, context-rich insight
   that continuously retrains itself, explains its own uncertainty, and
   feeds closed-loop control without human analysts.

   Key Features: - Generative Telemetry Synthesis & Gap-Filling: Gen-AI
   models learn multi-modal telemetry (packets, flow records, SNMP,
   syslogs, DPI, spectrum scans) and hallucinate statistically faithful
   “missing data” where sensors are sparse or silent, delivering 100 %
   coverage at any time/space scale.

   *  Semantic Anomaly Narratives & Root-Cause Metrics: Instead of
      threshold alerts, the model outputs human-readable stories
      (“Between 02:13-02:19 UTC, TCP RTT on slice-C rose 38 % because 17
      % of ECN-marked packets were re-routed via the Seattle POP due to
      a mis-announced BGP community”).  Each sentence is back-traced to
      verifiable measurement samples.

   *  Self-Driving Measurement Campaigns: The AI translates high-level
      intents (“tell me if user-perceived 4 K latency could exceed 150
      ms during the next football final”) into dynamic sampler
      schedules, probe paths, and packet structures; it launches the
      campaign, stops when statistical confidence is reached, and
      releases resources back to the data plane.

   *  Counterfactual & Predictive “What-if” Metrics: Given a proposed
      config change (new AQM, additional slice, 400 GbE upgrade), the
      generator produces the expected delay/loss/jitter distributions
      before any byte is moved, letting operators compare KPI deltas
      without real-world probing.

6.  Use cases of Agentic AI for Operations & Management

   Different use cases for Agentic AI on Operation & Management can be
   identified, as described in the following sections.

6.1.  Intent Based Service Delivery

   Below is the diagram showcasing how network management AI agent takes
   effect on the intent based service delivery process.

        +----------------------------------------------------------+
        |            L3VPN Service Delivery Application            |
        +-------------------------+--------------------------------+
                                  |
                           Intent |LPI
                          interface
                                  |
        +---------+  +------------V--------------------------------+
        |         |  |                                             |
        |Knowledge|  |       Network Management AI Agent           |
        |  Base   <-->                                             |
        |         |  |  +----------------------------------------+ |
        +---------+  |  |     Intent Decomposing&Analysis        | |
                     |  |                                        | |
        +---------+  |  | +----------++----------+ +------------+| |
        |         |  |  | |  Config  || Config   | |   Config   || |
        | Network |  |  | |Generation||Validation| |Distribution|| |
        | Digital <-->  | +----------++----------+ +------------+| |
        | Twin    |  |  +----------------------------------------+ |
        | Tools   |  |                                             |
        +---------+  +---------------------------------------------+

        +----------------------------------------------------------+
        |            Network  Infrastructure                       |
        +----------------------------------------------------------+

       Legend: LPI - Language Programming Interface

                  Figure 2: Intent Based Service Delivery

   Step a.  L3VPN Service Delivery Application at the OSS layer uses
   Language Programming Interface (LPI) to send service intent request
   "Create L3VPN service with 2 VPN sites in London and Paris using L3SM
   Service Model".

   Step b.  The Network Management AI Agent looks up knowledge base to
   understand the intent and identify user's objective "VPN Service
   Creation".

   Step c.  The Network Management AI Agent further interacts with
   Knowledge base for expert experience and looks up thought of chain
   related to "VPN Service Creation".  And then the Knowledge base
   returns results to the Network management AI Agent.

   Step d.  The Network Management AI Agent decomposes user intent and
   break down the tasks into operational workflow including
   configuration generation, configuration validation, configuration
   distribution.  For configuration validation, it will interact with
   Network Digital Twin tools to obtain the validation results.

   Step e.  After L3VPN Service is delivered successfully, the Network
   Management AI Agent will use LPI to return success results.

6.2.  Cross-layer and Cross-domain Multi-Agent communication for
      Complaint handling

   In this scenario, automotive companies centrally collect complaints
   from their customers (drivers) and use the operator’s complaint
   system to feedback issues to the operator.  The operator's BSS
   trouble ticket system generates tickets from these complaints and
   dispatches them to the OSS.  The integrated vehicle networking
   complaint handling agent within the OSS analyzes the trouble tickets
   and performs fault localization.  The ticket will be sent to the
   corresponding vehicle networking trouble ticket agent within OSS
   based on whether fault localization is within or beyond specific
   maintenance domain.

   The vehicle networking trouble ticket agent within the OSS will parse
   the ticket into multiple multi-steps workflow and interact with the
   IP network agent and mobile network agent within its management
   domain to resolve the problem.

                        +-----------------------+
                        |Automobile Manufacturer|
                        |    Complaints         |
                        +-----------------------+
                                   |
                        +----------------------+
                        | BSS Trouble tickets  |
                        |      System          |
                        +----------------------+
                                   |
                 +-------------------------------------------+
                 |                 OSS                       |
                 |                                           |
                 | +---------------+       +----------------+|
                 | |   Complaint   |       |   Complaint    ||
                 | | Handling Agent|-------| Handling Agent ||
                 | |  In Domain A  |       |   In Domain B  ||
                 | +-------+-------+       +----------------+|
                 +---------+---------------------------------+
                        +--+-----------------------+
                   +----+---------+         +------+-------+
                   |   Mobile     |         |    IP        |
                   |   Network    |         |   Network    |
                   |   Agent      |         |   Agent      |
                   +--------------+         +--------------+

                   Figure 3: IoV User Complaints Handling

   o Tasks are triggered by natural language

   *  Complaints usually come from end-users or enterprises

      -  who may not have a deep understanding of network

         o  sometimes are unable to provide accurate descriptions

   o Tasks possess both abstraction and expertise

   *  Abstraction: complaint content is unpredictable and the involved
      domains cannot be anticipated

   *  Expertise: The final closed-loop of the task depends on the
      network

   o Tasks involve cross-layer and cross-domain aspects

   *  Cross-Layer: BSS/OSS -> Network

   *  Cross-domain:

      -  Technical domains (wireless network domain, backhaul network
         domain)

      -  management & maintenance domains (i.e. across provinces and
         cities)

6.3.  AI Agent Driven Network Management

                                  +-----------------+
                                  |       OSS       |
                                  +--------+--------+
                                           |
                                           |LPI
                                           |
                                           |
             Model Invocation    +---------+--------+
      +--------------------------+                  |
      |         Momery Access     Network Management -----------+
      |        +-----------------+     AI Agent     |           |
      |        |            +----|                  |           |
      |        |            |    +-------^---+------+           |
      |        |            |   Response |   |Execution         |
      |   +----V---+   +----+-----+    +-+---V-----+     +------+------+
      |   |        |   |          |    |           |     |             |
      |   | Memory +---|Tools-box <----| Validation+----->  Execution  |
      |   |        |   |          |    |           |     |             |
      |   +--------+   +----^-----+    +-----------+     +-------------+
      |              Model  |     Tool Calling     Action Execution
      |           Invocation|
      |                     |
    +-V---------------------V------------------------------------------+
    |                     Model Repository                             |
    |  (Task Decomposing, Reasoning, Data Analysis, Decision Making..) |
    |              +--------------+      +-----------------+           |
    |              |  LLM Models  |      |Specialized Small|           |
    |              +--------------+      |    AI Models    |           |
    |                                    +-----------------+           |
    +------------------------------------------------------------------+

                Figure 4: AI Agent Driven Network Management

   Traditional network operation and maintenance require extensive human
   oversight and are constrained by predefined policies, limiting real-
   time adaptability.  Network management AI agents at the network level
   enhance network intelligence and automation by integrating large
   network foundation models, specialized small AI models, and feedback
   closed loops mechanisms.  The key functional requirements of the
   Network management AI agent include:

   *  Integrate with large foundation models and specialized small
      models for context-aware decision-making;

   *  Support Intent realizing including task decomposition,reasoning,
      inference&prediction and decision making.

   *  Support autonomous execution of network service lifecycle
      management, including network service delivery, network anomaly
      detection, predictive maintenance and troubleshooting, network re-
      optimization;

   *  Work with upper layer OSS to facilitate cross-layer collaboration,
      enabling seamless communication between network elements;

7.  Security Considerations

   TODO Security

8.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no IANA actions.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.

9.2.  Informative References

   [Agentic-AI-Wireless]
              "Advanced Architectures Integrated with Agentic AI for
              Next-Generation Wireless Networks", 2025,
              <https://arxiv.org/html/2502.01089v3>.

   [AIPREF]   "IETF AIPREF WG", 2025,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/aipref/about/>.

   [ANIMA]    "IETF ANIMA WG", 2025,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/anima/about/>.

   [RFC7575]  Behringer, M., Pritikin, M., Bjarnason, S., Clemm, A.,
              Carpenter, B., Jiang, S., and L. Ciavaglia, "Autonomic
              Networking: Definitions and Design Goals", RFC 7575,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7575, June 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7575>.

Acknowledgments

   TBA

Authors' Addresses

   Yong-Geun Hong
   Daejeon University
   62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu
   Daejeon
   34520
   South Korea
   Email: yonggeun.hong@gmail.com

   Joo-Sang Youn
   DONG-EUI University
   176 Eomgwangno Busan_jin_gu
   Busan
   614-714
   South Korea
   Email: joosang.youn@gmail.com

   Qin Wu
   Huawei
   101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
   Jiangsu
   210012
   China
   Email: bill.wu@huawei.com

   Benoit Claise
   Everything OPS
   Belgium
   Email: benoit@everything-ops.net