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A Lexicography for the Interpretation of Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Terminology within the Context of the ITU-T's Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) Architecture
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-ason-lexicography-06

The information below is for an old version of the document that is already published as an RFC.
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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 4397.
Authors Igor Bryskin , Adrian Farrel
Last updated 2020-01-21 (Latest revision 2006-01-04)
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draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-ason-lexicography-06
Network Working Group                                       Igor Bryskin
Category: Informational                           Independent Consultant
Expires: July 2006                                         Adrian Farrel
                                                      Old Dog Consulting

                                                            January 2006

   A Lexicography for the Interpretation of Generalized Multiprotocol
     Label Switching (GMPLS) Terminology within The Context of the
   ITU-T's Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) Architecture

           draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-ason-lexicography-06.txt

Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
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   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

Abstract

   Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) has been developed
   by the IETF to facilitate the establishment of Label Switched Paths
   (LSPs) in a variety of data plane technologies and across several
   architectural models. The ITU-T has specified an architecture for
   the control of Automatically Switched Optical Networks (ASON).

   This document provides a lexicography for the interpretation of GMPLS
   terminology within the context of the ASON architecture.

   It is important to note that GMPLS is applicable in a wider set of
   contexts than just ASON. The definitions presented in this document
   do not provide exclusive or complete interpretations of GMPLS
   concepts. This document simply allows the GMPLS terms to be applied
   within the ASON context.

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Contents

   1.   Introduction ................................................ 3
   2.   Terminology ................................................. 3
   2.1. GMPLS Terminology Sources ................................... 3
   2.2. ASON Terminology Sources .................................... 4
   2.3. Common Terminology Sources .................................. 4
   3.   Lexicography................................................. 4
   3.1. Network Presences ........................................... 4
   3.2. Resources ................................................... 5
   3.3. Layers ...................................................... 6
   3.4. Labels ...................................................... 6
   3.5. Data Links .................................................. 7
   3.6. Link interfaces ............................................. 7
   3.7. Connections ................................................. 8
   3.8. Switching, Termination and Adaptation Capabilities .......... 9
   3.9. TE Links and FAs ........................................... 10
   3.10. TE Domains ................................................ 12
   3.11. Component Links and Bundles ............................... 13
   3.12. Regions ................................................... 13
   4. Guidance on the Application of this Lexicography ............. 14
   5. IANA Considerations .......................................... 14
   6. Management Considerations .................................... 14
   7. Security Considerations ...................................... 14
   8. Acknowledgements ............................................. 14
   9. Intellectual Property Consideration .......................... 15
   10. Normative References ........................................ 15
   11. Informational References .................................... 16
   12. Authors' Addresses .......................................... 17
   13. Disclaimer of Validity ...................................... 17
   14. Full Copyright Statement .................................... 18

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1. Introduction

   Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) has been developed
   by the IETF to facilitate the establishment of Label Switched Paths

   (LSPs) in a variety of data plane technologies such as Packet
   Switching Capable (PSC), Layer Two Switching Capable (L2SC), Time
   Division Multiplexing (TDM), Lambda Switching Capable (LSC), and
   Fiber Switching Capable (FSC).

   The ITU-T has specified an architecture for the control of
   Automatically Switched Optical Networks (ASON). This architecture
   forms the basis of many Recommendations within the ITU-T.

   Because the GMPLS and ASON architectures were developed by different

   people in different standards bodies, and because the architectures
   have very different historic backgrounds (the Internet, and transport
   networks respectively), the terminology used is different.

   This document provides a lexicography for the interpretation of GMPLS
   terminology within the context of the ASON architecture. This
   allows GMPLS documents to be generally understood by those familiar
   with ASON Recommendations. The definitions presented in this document
   do not provide exclusive or complete interpretations of the GMPLS
   concepts.

2. Terminology

   Throughout this document, angle brackets ("<" and ">") are used to
   indicate the context in which a term applies. For example, "<Data
   Plane>" as part of a description of a term means that the term
   applies within the data plane.

2.1. GMPLS Terminology Sources

   GMPLS Terminology is principally defined in [RFC3945]. Other
   documents provide further key definitions including [RFC4201],
   [RFC4202], [RFC4204], and [RFC4206].

   The reader is recommended to become familiar with these other
   documents before attempting to use this document to provide a more
   general mapping between GMPLS and ASON.

   For details of GMPLS signaling please refer to [RFC3471] and
   [RFC3473]. For details of GMPLS routing, please refer to [RFC4203]
   and [RFC4205].

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2.2. ASON Terminology Sources

   The ASON architecture is specified in ITU-T Recommendation G.8080
   [G-8080]. This is developed from generic functional architectures and
   requirements specified in [G-805], [G-807], and [G-872]. The ASON
   terminology is defined in several Recommendations in the ASON family
   such as [G-8080], [G-8081], [G-7713], [G-7714], and [G-7715]. The
   reader must be familiar with these documents before attempting to
   apply the lexicography set out in this document.

2.3. Common Terminology Sources

   The work in this document builds on the shared view of ASON
   requirements and requirements expressed in [RFC4139], [RFC4258] and
   [TRANSPORT-LMP].

3. Lexicography

3.1. Network Presences

3.1.1. GMPLS Terms

   Transport node <Data Plane> is a logical network device that is
     capable of originating and/or terminating of a data flow and/or
     switching it on the route to its destination.

   Controller <Control Plane> is a logical entity that models all
     control plane intelligence (routing, TE and signaling protocols,
     path computation, etc). A single controller can manage one or
     more transport nodes. Separate functions (such as routing and
     signaling) may be hosted at distinct sites and hence could be
     considered as separate logical entities referred to, for example,
     as the routing controller, the signaling controller, etc.

   Label Switching Router (LSR) <Control & Data Planes> is a logical
     combination of a transport node and the controller that manages the
     transport node. Many implementations of LSRs collocate all control
     plane and data plane functions associated with a transport node
     within a single physical presence making the term LSR concrete
     rather than logical.

     In some instances the term LSR may be applied more loosely to
     indicate just the transport node or just the controller function
     dependent on the context.

   Node <Control & Data Planes> is synonym for an LSR.

   Control plane network <Control Plane> is an IP network used for
     delivery of control plane (protocol) messages exchanged by
     controllers.

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3.1.2. ASON Terms

   A GMPLS transport node is an ASON network element.

   A GMPLS controller is the set of ASON functional components
   controlling a given ASON network element (or partition of a network
   element). In ASON this set of functional components may exist in one
   place or multiple places.

   A GMPLS node is the combination of an ASON network element (or
   partition of a network element) and its associated control
   components.

   The GMPLS control plane network is the ASON Signaling Communication
   Network (SCN). Note that both routing and signaling exchanges are
   carried by the SCN.

3.2. Resources

3.2.1. GMPLS Terms

   Non-packet based resource <Data Plane> is a channel of certain
     bandwidth that could be allocated in a network data plane of a
     particular technology for the purpose of user traffic delivery.
     Examples of non-packet based resources are timeslots, lambdas
     channels, etc.

   Packet based resource <Data Plane> is an abstraction hiding the means
     related to the delivery of traffic with particular parameters (most
     importantly, bandwidth) with particular QoS over PSC media.
     Examples of packet based resources are forwarding queues,
     schedulers, etc.

   Layer Resource (Resource) <Data Plane>. A non-packet based data plane
     technology may yield resources in different network layers (see
     section 3.3). For example, some TDM devices can operate with VC-12
     timeslots, some with VC-4 timeslots and some with VC4-4c timeslots.
     There are also multiple layers of packet based resources (i.e. one
     per label in the label stack). Therefore, we define layer resource
     (or simply resource) irrespective of the underlying data plane
     technology as a basic data plane construct. It is defined by a
     combination of a particular data encoding type and a
     switching/terminating bandwidth granularity. Examples of layer
     resources are: PSC1, PSC4, ATM VP, ATM VC, Ethernet, VC-12, VC-4,
     Lambda 10G, and Lambda 40G.

   These three definitions give rise to the concept of Resource Type.
   Although not a formal term, this is useful shorthand to identify how
   and where a resource can be used dependent on the switching type,
   data encoding type and switching/terminating bandwidth granularity

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   (see section 3.8).

   All other descriptions provided in this memo are tightly bound to the
   resource.

3.2.2. ASON Terms

   ASON terms for resource:

   - In the context of link discovery and resource management
     (allocation,  binding into cross-connects, etc.), a GMPLS resource
     is one end of a link connection.

   - In the context of routing, path computation and signaling, a GMPLS
     resource is a link connection or trail termination.

   Resource type is identified by a client CI (Characteristics
   Information) that could be carried by the resource.

3.3. Layers

3.3.1. GMPLS Terms

   Layer <Data Plane> is a set of resources of the same type that could
     be used for establishing a connection or used for connectionless
     data delivery.

   Note. In GMPLS, the existence of non-blocking switching function in a
   transport node in a particular layer is modeled explicitly as one of
   the functions of the link interfaces connecting the transport node to
   its data links.

   A GMPLS layer is not the same as a GMPLS region. See section 3.12.

3.3.2. ASON Terms

   A GMPLS layer is an ASON layer network.

3.4. Labels

3.4.1. GMPLS Terms

   Label <Control Plane> is an abstraction that provides an identifier
     for use in the control plane in order to identify a transport plane
     resource.

3.4.2. ASON Terms

   A GMPLS label is the portion of an ASON SNP name that follows the
   SNPP name.

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3.5. Data Links

3.5.1. GMPLS Terms

   Unidirectional data link end <Data Plane> is a set of resources
     that belong to the same layer and that could be allocated for the
     transfer of traffic in that layer from a particular transport node
     to the same neighboring transport node in the same direction. A
     unidirectional data link end is connected to a transport node by
     one or more link interfaces (see section 3.6).

   Bidirectional data link end <Data Plane> is an association of two
     unidirectional data link ends that exist in the same layer, and
     that could be used for the transfer of traffic in that layer
     between a particular transport node and the same neighbor in both
     directions. A bidirectional data link end is connected to a
     transport node by one or more link interfaces (see section 3.6).

   Unidirectional data link <Data Plane> is an association of two
     unidirectional data link ends that exist in the same layer, that
     are connected to two transport nodes adjacent in that layer, and
     that could be used for the transfer of traffic between the two
     transport nodes in one direction.

   Bidirectional data link <Data Plane> is an association of two
     bidirectional data link ends that exist in the same layer, that are
     connected to two transport nodes adjacent in that layer, and that
     could be used for the transfer of traffic between the two transport
     nodes in both directions.

3.5.2. ASON Terms

   A GMPLS unidirectional data link end is a collection of connection
   points from the same client layer that are supported by a single
   trail termination (access point).

   A GMPLS data link is an ASON link supported by a single server
   trail.

3.6. Link interfaces

3.6.1. GMPLS Terms

   Unidirectional link interface <Data Plane> is an abstraction that
     connects a transport node to a unidirectional data link end and
     represents (hides) the data plane intelligence like switching,
     termination and adaptation in one direction. In GMPLS, link
     interfaces are often referred to as "GMPLS interfaces" and it
     should be understood that these are data plane interfaces and the

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     term does not refer to the ability of a control plane interface to
     handle GMPLS protocols.

     A single unidirectional data link end could be connected to a
     transport node by multiple link interfaces with one of them, for
     example, realizing switching function, while others realize the
     function of termination/adaptation.

   Bidirectional link interface <Data Plane> is an association of two or
     more unidirectional link interfaces that connects a transport node
     to a bi-directional data link end and represents the data plane
     intelligence like switching, termination and adaptation in both
     directions.

   Link interface type <Data Plane> is identified by the function the
     interface provides. There are three distinct functions - switching,
     termination and adaptation, hence, there are three types of link
     interface. Thus when a WDM link can do switching for some lambda
     channels, and termination and TDM OC48 adaptation for some other
     lambda channels, we say that the link is connected to the transport
     node by three interfaces each of a separate type: switching,
     termination, and adaptation.

3.6.2. ASON Terms

   A GMPLS interface is the set of trail termination and adaptation
   functions between one or more server layer trails and a specific
   client layer subnetwork (which commonly is a matrix in a network
   element).

   The GMPLS interface type may be identified by the ASON adapted
   client layer, or by the terminated server layer, or a combination
   of the two, depending on the context. In some cases, a GMPLS
   interface comprises a set of ASON trail termination/adaptation
   functions, for which some connection points are bound to trail
   terminations and others to matrices.

3.7. Connections

3.7.1. GMPLS Terms

   In GMPLS a connection is known as a Label Switched Path (LSP).

   Unidirectional LSP (connection) <Data Plane> is a single resource or
     a set of cross-connected resources of a particular layer that could
     deliver traffic in that layer between a pair of transport nodes in
     one direction.

   Unidirectional LSP (connection) <Control Plane> is the signaling
     state necessary to maintain a unidirectional data plane LSP.

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   Bidirectional LSP (connection) <Data Plane> is an association of two
     unidirectional LSPs (connections) that could simultaneously deliver
     traffic in a particular layer between a pair of transport nodes in
     opposite directions.

     In the context of GMPLS both unidirectional constituents of a
     bidirectional LSP (connection) take identical paths in terms of
     data links, are provisioned concurrently, and require a single
     (shared) control state.

   Bidirectional LSP (connection) <Control Plane> is the signaling state
     necessary to maintain a bidirectional data plane LSP.

   LSP (connection) segment <Data Plane> is a single resource or a set
     of cross-connected resources that constitutes a segment of an LSP
     (connection).

3.7.2. ASON Terms

   A GMPLS LSP (connection) is an ASON network connection.

   A GMPLS LSP segment is an ASON serial compound link connection.

3.8. Switching, Termination and Adaptation Capabilities

3.8.1. GMPLS Terms

   Switching capability <Data Plane> is a property (and defines a type)
     of a link interface that connects a particular data link to a
     transport node. This property/type characterizes the interface's
     ability to cooperate with other link interfaces connecting data
     links within the same layer to the same transport node for the
     purpose of binding resources into cross-connects. Switching
     capability is advertised as an attribute of the TE link local end
     associated with the link interface.

   Termination capability <Data Plane> is a property of a link interface
     that connects a particular data link to a transport node. This
     property characterizes the interface's ability to terminate
     connections within the layer that the data link belongs to.

   Adaptation capability <Data Plane> is a property of a link interface
     that connects a particular data link to a transport node. This
     property characterizes the interface's ability to perform a nesting
     function - to use a locally terminated connection that belongs to
     one layer as a data link for some other layer.

   The need for advertisement of adaptation and termination capabilities
   within GMPLS has been recognized and work is in progress to determine
   how these will be advertised. It is likely that they will be

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   advertised as a single combined attribute, or as separate attributes
   of the TE link local end associated with the link interface.

3.8.2. ASON Terms

   In ASON applications:

   The GMPLS switching capability is a property of an ASON link end
   representing its association with a matrix.

   The GMPLS termination capability is a property of an ASON link end
   representing potential binding to a termination point.

   The GMPLS adaptation capability is a property of an ASON link end
   representing potential adaptation to/from a client layer network.

3.9. TE Links and FAs

3.9.1. GMPLS Terms

   TE link end <Control Plane> is a grouping for the purpose of
     advertising and routing of resources of a particular layer.

     Such a grouping allows for decoupling of path selection from
     resource assignment. Specifically, a path could be selected in a
     centralized way in terms of TE link ends, while the resource
     assignment (resource reservation and label allocation) could be
     performed in a distributed way during the connection setup. A TE
     link end may reflect zero, one or more data link ends in the data
     plane. A TE link end is associated with exactly one layer.

   TE link <Control Plane> is a grouping of two TE link ends associated
     with two neighboring transport nodes in a particular layer.

     In contrast to a data link, which provides network flexibility in a
     particular layer and, therefore, is a "real" topological element, a
     TE link is a logical routing element. For example, an LSP path is
     computed in terms of TE links (or more precisely, in terms of TE
     link ends), while the LSP is provisioned over (that is, resources
     are allocated from) data links.

   Virtual TE link is a TE link associated with zero data links.

   TE link end advertising <Control Plane>. A controller managing a
     particular transport node advertises local TE link ends. Any
     controller in the TE domain makes a TE link available for its local
     path computation if it receives consistent advertisements of both
     TE link ends. Strictly speaking, there is no such a thing as TE
     link advertising - only TE link end advertising. TE link end
     advertising may contain information about multiple switching

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     capabilities. This, however, should not be interpreted as
     advertising of a multi-layer TE link end, rather, as joint
     advertisement of ends of multiple parallel TE links, each
     representing resources in a separate layer. The advertisement may
     contain attributes shared by all TE links in the group (for
     examples, protection capabilities, SRLGs, etc.), separate
     information related to each TE link (for examples, switching
     capability, data encoding, unreserved bandwidth, etc.) as well as
     information related to inter-layer relationships of the advertised
     resources (for example, termination and adaptation capabilities)
     should the control plane decide to use them as the termination
     points of higher layer data links. These higher layer data links,
     however, are not real yet - they are abstract until the underlying
     connections are established in the lower layers. LSPs created in
     lower layers for the purpose of providing data links (extra network
     flexibility) in higher layers are called hierarchical connections
     or LSPs (H-LSPs), or simply hierarchies. LSPs created for the
     purpose of providing data links in the same layer are called
     stitching segments. H-LSPs and stitching segments could, but do not
     have to, be advertised as TE links. Naturally, if they are
     advertised as TE links (LSPs advertised as TE links are often
     referred as TE-LSPs), they are made available for path computations
     performed on any controller within the TE domain into which they
     are advertised. H-LSPs and stitching segments could be advertised
     either individually or in TE bundles. An H-LSP or a stitching
     segment could be advertised as a TE link either into the same or a
     separate TE domain compared to the one within which it was
     provisioned.

     A set of H-LSPs that is created (or could be created) in a
     particular layer to provide network flexibility (data links) in
     other layers is called a Virtual Network Topology (VNT). A single
     H-LSP could provide several (more than one) data links (each in a
     different layer).

   Forwarding Adjacency (FA) <Control Plane> is a TE link that does not
     require a direct routing adjacency (peering) between the
     controllers managing its ends in order to guarantee control plane
     connectivity (a control channel) between the controllers. An
     example of an FA is an H-LSP or stitching segment advertised as a
     TE link into the same TE domain within which it was dynamically
     provisioned. In such cases, the control plane connectivity between
     the controllers at the ends of the H-LSP/stitching segment is
     guaranteed by the concatenation of control channels interconnecting
     the ends of each of its constituents. In contrast, an H-LSP or
     stitching segment advertised as a TE link into a different TE
     domain compared to one where it was provisioned, generally requires
     a direct routing adjacency to be established within the TE domain
     where the TE link is advertised in order to guarantee control plane
     connectivity between the TE link ends. Therefore, is not an FA.

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3.9.2. ASON Terms

    The ITU term for a TE link end is SNP pool (SNPP).

    The ITU term for a TE link is SNPP link.

    The ITU term for an H-LSP is trail.

3.10. TE Domains

3.10.1 GMPLS Terms

   TE link attribute is a parameter of the set of resources associated
     with a TE link end that is significant in the context of path
     computation.

   Full TE visibility is a situation when a controller receives all
     unmodified TE advertisements from every other controller in a
     particular set of controllers.

   Limited TE visibility is a situation when a controller receives
     summarized TE information, or does not receive TE advertisements
     from at least one of a particular set of controllers.

   TE domain is a set of controllers each of which has full TE
     visibility within the set.

   TE database (TED) is a memory structure within a controller that
     contains all TE advertisements generated by all controllers within
     a particular TE domain.

   Vertical network integration is a set of control plane mechanisms and
     coordinated data plane mechanisms that span multiple layers. The
     control plane mechanisms exist on one or more controllers and
     operate either within a single control plane instance or between
     control plane instances. The data plane mechanisms consist of
     collaboration and adaptation between layers within a single
     transport node.

   Horizontal network integration is a set of control plane mechanisms
     and coordinated data plane mechanisms that span multiple TE domains
     within the same layer. The control plane mechanisms exist on one or
     more controllers and operate either within a single control plane
     instance or between control plane instances. The data plane
     mechanisms consist of collaboration between TE domains.

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3.11. Component Links and Bundles

3.11.1. GMPLS Terms

   Component link end <Control Plane> is a grouping of resources of a
     particular layer that is not advertised as an individual TE link
     end. A component link end could represent one or more data link
     ends or any subset of resources that belong to one or more data
     link ends.

   Component link <Control Plane> is a grouping of two or more component
     link ends associated with neighboring transport nodes (that is,
     directly interconnected by one or more data links) in a particular
     layer. Component links are equivalent to TE links except that the
     component link ends are not advertised separately.

   TE bundle <Control Plane> is an association of several parallel (that
     is, connecting the same pair of transport nodes) component links
     whose attributes are identical or whose differences sufficiently
     negligible that the TE domain can view the entire association as a
     single TE link. A TE bundle is advertised in the same way as a TE
     link, that is, by representing the associated component link ends
     as a single TE link end (TE bundle end) which is advertised.

3.12. Regions

3.12.1. GMPLS Terms

   TE region <Control Plane> is a set of one or more layers that are
     associated with the same type of data plane technology. A TE region
     is sometimes called an LSP region or just a region. Examples of
     regions are: IP, ATM, TDM, photonic, fiber switching, etc. Regions
     and region boundaries are significant for the signaling sub-system
     of the control plane because LSPs are signaled substantially
     differently (i.e. use different signaling object formats and
     semantics) in different regions. Furthermore, advertising, routing
     and path computation could be performed differently in different
     regions. For example, computation of paths across photonic regions
     requires a wider set of constraints (e.g. optical impairments,
     wavelength continuity, etc) and needs to be performed in different
     terms (e.g. in terms of individual resources - lambda channels,
     rather than in terms of TE links) compared to path computation in
     other regions like IP or TDM.

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4. Guidance on the Application of this Lexicography

   As discussed in the introduction to this document, this lexicography
   is intended to bring the concepts and terms associated with GMPLS
   into the context of the ITU-T's ASON architecture. Thus, it should
   help those familiar with ASON to see how they may use the features
   and functions of GMPLS in order to meet the requirements of an ASON.
   For example, a service provider wishing to establish a protected
   end-to-end service, might read [SEG-PROT] and [E2E-PROT] and wish to
   understand how the GMPLS terms used relate to the ASON architecture
   so that he can confirm that he will satisfy his requirements.

   This lexicography should not be used in order to obtain or derive
   definitive definitions of GMPLS terms. To obtain definitions of GMPLS
   terms that are applicable across all GMPLS architectural models, the
   reader should refer to the RFCs listed in the references sections of
   this document. [RFC3945] provides an overview of the GMPLS
   architecture and should be read first.

5. IANA Considerations

   This informational document defines no new code points and requires
   no action by IANA.

6. Management Considerations

   Both GMPLS and ASON networks require management. Both GMPLS and ASON
   specifications include considerable efforts to provide operator
   control and monitoring, as well as OAM functionality.

   These concepts are, however, out of scope of this document.

7. Security Considerations

   Security is also a significant requirement of both GMPLS and ASON
   architectures.

   Again, however, this informational document is intended only to
   provide a lexicography, and the security concerns are, therefore, out
   of scope.

8. Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank participants in the IETF's CCAMP
   working group and the ITU-T's Study Group 15 for their help in
   producing this document. In particular, all those who attended the
   Study Group 15 Question 14 Interim Meeting in Holmdel, New Jersey
   during January 2005. Further thanks to all participants of Study
   Group 15 Questions 12 and 14 who have provided valuable discussion,
   feedback and suggested text.

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   Many thanks to Ichiro Inoue for his useful review and input, and to
   Scott Brim and Dimitri Papadimitriou for lengthy and constructive
   discussions. Ben Mack-Crane and Jonathan Sadler provided very helpful
   reviews and discussions of ASON terms. Thanks to Deborah Brungard and
   Kohei Shiomoto for additional review comments.

9. Intellectual Property Consideration

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
   might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
   made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information
   on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
   found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
   assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
   attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
   such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
   specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
   http://www.ietf.org/ipr.

   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
   rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
   this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-
   ipr@ietf.org.

10. Normative References

   [RFC3945]  E. Mannie (Ed.). "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
              Switching (GMPLS) Architecture", RFC 3945, October 2004.

   [RFC4201]  Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y., and Berger, L., "Link Bundling
              in MPLS Traffic Engineering", RFC 4201, October 2005.

   [RFC4202]  Kompella, K. and Rekhter, Y., "Routing Extensions in
              Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching",
              RFC 4202, October 2005.

   [RFC4204]  J. Lang (Ed.), "Link Management Protocol (LMP)", RFC 4024,
              October 2005.

   [RFC4206]  Kompella, K. and Rekhter, Y., "Label Switched Paths (LSP)
              Hierarchy with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
              (GMPLS) Traffic Engineering (TE)", RFC 4206, October 2005.

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11. Informational References

   [RFC3471]        L. Berger (Ed.), "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
                    Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description",
                    RFC 3471, January 2003.

   [RFC3473]        L. Berger (Ed.), "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
                    Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation
                    Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions",
                    RFC 3471, January 2003.

   [RFC4139]        Papadimitriou, D., Drake, J., Ash, J., Farrel, A.,
                    and Ong, L., "Requirements for Generalized MPLS
                    (GMPLS) Signaling Usage and Extensions for
                    Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)",
                    RFC 4139, July 2005.

   [RFC4203]        Kompella, K., and Rekhter, Y. (Ed.), "OSPF
                    Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol
                    label Switching (GMPLS)", RFC 4203, October 2005.

   [RFC4205]        Kompella, K., and Rekhter, Y. (Ed.), "Intermediate
                    System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions in
                    Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
                    Switching (GMPLS)", RFC 4205, October 2005.

   [RFC4258]        D. Brungard (Ed.), "Requirements for Generalized
                    Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Routing for
                    the Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)",
                    RFC 4258, November 2005.

   [E2E-PROT]       Lang, J., Rekhter, Y., and Papadimitriou, D. (Eds.),
                    "RSVP-TE Extensions in support of End-to-End
                    Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
                    (GMPLS)-based Recovery",
                    draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-e2e-signaling,
                    work in progress.

   [SEG-PROT]       Berger, L., Bryskin, I., Papadimitriou, D., and
                    Farrel, A., "GMPLS Based Segment Recovery",
                    draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-segment-recovery, work in
                    progress.

   [TRANSPORT-LMP]  Fedyk, D., Aboul-Magd, O., Brungard, D., Lang, J.,
                    Papadimitriou, D., "A Transport Network View of LMP"
                    draft-ietf-ccamp-transport-lmp, work in progress.

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   For information on the availability of the following documents,
   please see http://www.itu.int.

   [G-8080]         ITU-T Recommendation G.8080/Y.1304, Architecture for
                    the automatically switched optical network (ASON).

   [G-805]          ITU-T Recommendation G.805 (2000), Generic
                    functional architecture of transport networks.

   [G-807]          ITU-T Recommendation G.807/Y.1302 (2001),
                    Requirements for the automatic switched transport
                    network (ASTN).

   [G-872]          ITU-T Recommendation G.872 (2001), Architecture of
                    optical transport networks.

   [G-8081]         ITU-T Recommendation G.8081 (2004), Terms and
                    definitions for Automatically Switched Optical
                    Networks (ASON).

   [G-7713]         ITU-T Recommendation G.7713 (2001), Distributed Call
                    and Connection Management.

   [G-7714]         ITU-T Recommendation G.7714 Revision (2005),
                    Generalized automatic discovery techniques.

   [G-7715]         ITU-T Recommendation G.7715 (2002), Architecture and
                    Requirements for the Automatically Switched Optical
                    Network (ASON)

12. Authors' Addresses

   Igor Bryskin
   Independent Consultant
   EMail:  i_bryskin@yahoo.com

   Adrian Farrel
   Old Dog Consulting
   Phone:  +44 (0) 1978 860944
   EMail:  adrian@olddog.co.uk

13. Disclaimer of Validity

   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
   ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
   INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
   INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

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14. Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).  This document is subject
   to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and
   except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.

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