Proxy Mobile IPv6 Extensions to Support Flow Mobility
draft-ietf-netext-pmipv6-flowmob-05
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7864.
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Carlos J. Bernardos | ||
| Last updated | 2012-10-22 | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Formats | |||
| Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
| Stream | WG state | WG Document | |
| Document shepherd | Basavaraj Patil | ||
| IESG | IESG state | Became RFC 7864 (Proposed Standard) | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Unknown | ||
| Telechat date | (None) | ||
| Responsible AD | (None) | ||
| Send notices to | (None) |
draft-ietf-netext-pmipv6-flowmob-05
NETEXT Working Group CJ. Bernardos, Ed.
Internet-Draft UC3M
Intended status: Standards Track October 22, 2012
Expires: April 25, 2013
Proxy Mobile IPv6 Extensions to Support Flow Mobility
draft-ietf-netext-pmipv6-flowmob-05
Abstract
Proxy Mobile IPv6 allows a mobile node to connect to the same Proxy
Mobile IPv6 domain through different interfaces. However, the
ability of movement of selected flows from one access technology to
another is missing in the basic Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol. This
document describes extensions to the Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol that
are required to support network based flow mobility over multiple
physical interfaces.
The extensions required consist on the operations performed by the
local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway to manage the
prefixes assigned to the different interfaces of the mobile node, as
well as how the forwarding policies are handled by the network to
ensure consistent flow mobility management.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on April 25, 2013.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Overview of the PMIPv6 flow mobility extensions . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Use case scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.1. MN sharing a common set of prefixes on all MAGs . . . 5
3.2.2. MN with different sets of prefixes on each MAG . . . . 9
3.2.3. MN with combination of prefix(es) in use and new
prefix(es) on each MAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4. Message formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1. Flow Mobility Initiate (FMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.2. Flow Mobility Acknowledgement (FMA) . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5. Conceptual Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1. Multiple Proxy Care-of Address Registration . . . . . . . 16
5.2. Flow Mobility Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6. Mobile Node considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
9. Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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1. Introduction
Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), specified in [RFC5213], provides network
based mobility management to hosts connecting to a PMIPv6 domain.
PMIPv6 introduces two new functional entities, the Local Mobility
Anchor (LMA) and the Mobile Access Gateway (MAG). The MAG is the
entity detecting Mobile Node's (MN) attachment and providing IP
connectivity. The LMA is the entity assigning one or more Home
Network Prefixes (HNPs) to the MN and is the topological anchor for
all traffic belonging to the MN.
PMIPv6 allows a a mobile node to connect to the same PMIPv6 domain
through different interfaces. This document specifies protocol
extensions to Proxy Mobile IPv6 between the local mobility anchor and
mobile access gateways to enable "flow mobility" and hence distribute
specific traffic flows on different physical interfaces. It is
assumed that the mobile node IP layer interface can simultaneously
and/or sequentially attach to multiple MAGs, possibly over multiple
media. One form to achieve this multiple attachment is described in
[I-D.ietf-netext-logical-interface-support], which allows the mobile
node supporting traffic flows on different physical interfaces
regardless of the assigned prefixes on those physical interfaces.
In particular, this document specifies how to enable "flow mobility"
in the PMIPv6 network (i.e., local mobility anchors and mobile access
gateways). In order to do so, two main operations are required: i)
proper prefix management by the PMIPv6 network, ii) consistent flow
forwarding policies. This memo analyzes different potential use case
scenarios, involving different prefix assignment requirements, and
therefore different PMIPv6 network extensions to enable "flow
mobility".
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119 [RFC2119].
The following terms used in this document are defined in the Proxy
Mobile IPv6 [RFC5213]:
Local Mobility Agent (LMA).
Mobile Access Gateway (MAG).
Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domain (PMIPv6-Domain).
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LMA Address (LMAA).
Proxy Care-of Address (Proxy-CoA).
Home Network Prefix (HNP).
The following terms used in this document are defined in the Multiple
Care-of Addresses Registration [RFC5648] and Flow Bindings in Mobile
IPv6 and Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support [RFC6089]:
Binding Identification Number (BID).
Flow Identifier (FID).
Traffic Selector (TS).
The following terms are defined and used in this document:
FMI (Flow Mobility Initiate). Message sent by the LMA to the MAG
conveying the information required to enable flow mobility in a
PMIPv6-Domain. This message is only needed when the prefixes
initially assigned by the different MAGs to the mobile node are
different.
FMA (Flow Mobility Acknowledgement). Message sent by the MAG in
reply to an FMI message.
FMC (Flow Mobility Cache). Conceptual data structure maintained by
the LMA and the MAG to support the flow mobility management
operations described in this document.
3. Overview of the PMIPv6 flow mobility extensions
3.1. Use case scenarios
In contrast to a typical handover where connectivity to a physical
medium is relinquished and then re-established, flow mobility assumes
a mobile node can have simultaneous access to more than one network.
In this specification, it is assumed that the local mobility anchor
is aware of the mobile node's capabilities to have simultaneous
access to both access networks and it can handle the same or a
different set of prefixes on each access. How this is done is
outside the scope of this specification.
There are different flow mobility scenarios. In some of them the
mobile node might share a common set of prefixes among all its
physical interfaces, whereas in others the mobile node might have a
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different subset of prefixes configured on each of the physical
interfaces. The different scenarios are the following:
1. At the time of a new network attachment, the MN obtains the same
prefix or the same set of prefixes as already assigned to an
existing session. This is not the default behavior with basic
PMIPv6 [RFC5213], and the LMA needs to be able to provide the
same assignment even for the simultaneous attachment (as opposed
to the handover scenario only).
2. At the time of a new network attachment, the MN obtains a new
prefix or a new set of prefixes for the new session. This is the
default behavior with basic PMIPv6 [RFC5213].
3. At the time of a new network attachment, the MN obtains a
combination of prefix(es) in use and new prefix(es). This is a
hybrid of the two above-mentioned scenarios. The local policy
determines whether the new prefix is exclusive to the new
attachment or it can be assigned to an existing attachment as
well.
The operational description of how to enable flow mobility in each of
these scenarios is provided in Section 3.2.1, Section 3.2.2 and
Section 3.2.3.
The extensions described in this document support all the
aforementioned scenarios.
3.2. Basic Operation
This section describes how the PMIPv6 extensions described in this
document enable flow mobility support.
Both the mobile node and the local mobility anchor SHOULD have local
policies in place that ensure packets are forwarded coherently for
unidirectional and bidirectional communications. The details about
how this consistency is ensured are out of the scope of this
document.
3.2.1. MN sharing a common set of prefixes on all MAGs
This scenario corresponds to the use case scenario number 1 described
in Section 3.1. This scenario needs extensions to basic PMIPv6
[RFC5213] signaling at the time of a new attachment, to ensure that
the same prefix (or set of prefixes) is assigned to all the
interfaces of the same mobile node that are simultaneously attached.
Subsequently, no further signaling is necessary between the local
mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway and flows are forwarded
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according to policy rules on the local mobility anchor and the mobile
node.
If the local mobility anchor assigns a common prefix (or set of
prefixes) to the different physical interfaces attached to the
domain, then all the MAGs already have all the routing knowledge
required to forward uplink or downlink packets, and the local
mobility anchor does not need to perform any kind of signaling in
order to move flows across the different physical interfaces.
The local mobility anchor needs to know when to assign the same set
of prefixes to all the different physical interfaces of the mobile
node. This can be achieved by different means, such as policy
configuration or default policies, etc. In this document a new
Handoff Indicator (HI) value ("Attachment over a new interface
sharing prefixes") is defined, to allow the mobile access gateway
indicate to the local mobility anchor that the same set of prefixes
MUST be assigned to the mobile node. The considerations of Section
5.4.1 of [RFC5213] are updated by this specification as follows:
o If there is at least one Home Network Prefix option present in the
request with a NON_ZERO prefix value, there exists a Binding Cache
entry (with one all home network prefixes in the Binding Cache
entry matching the prefix values of all Home Network Prefix
options of the received Proxy Binding Update message), and the
entry matches the mobile node identifier in the Mobile Node
Identifier option of the received Proxy Binding Update message,
and the value of the Handoff Indicator of the received Proxy
Binding Update is equal to "Attachment over a new interface
sharing prefixes".
1. If there is a Mobile Node Link-layer Identifier Option present
in the request and the Binding Cache entry matches the Access
Technology Type (ATT), and MN-LL-Identifier, the request MUST
be considered as a request for updating that Binding Cache
entry.
2. If there is a Mobile Node Link-layer Identifier Option present
in the request and the Binding Cache entry does not match the
Access Technology Type (ATT), and MN-LL-Identifier, the
request MUST be considered as a request for creating a new
mobility session sharing the same set of Home Network Prefixes
assigned to the existing Binding Cache entry found.
3. If there is not a Mobile Node Link-layer Identifier Option
present in the request, the request MUST be considered as a
request for creating a new mobility session sharing the same
set of Home Network Prefixes assigned to the existing Binding
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Cache entry found.
In case the mobile access gateways need to be configured to support
flow mobility because of packet policing, packet enforcement,
charging or similar reasons, the local mobility anchor MUST re-use
the signaling defined later in this document to convey this
information.
LMA Binding Cache
+---+ =======================
|LMA| MN1, if1, pref1, MAG1
+---+ MN1, if2, pref1, MAG2
//\\
+---------//--\\-------------+
( // \\ ) PMIPv6 domain
( // \\ )
+------//--------\\----------+
// \\
// \\
+----+ +----+
|MAG1| |MAG2|
+----+ +----+
| |
| +-------+ |
| | I P | |
| +---+---+ |
|---|if1|if2|----|
+---+---+
MN1
Figure 1: Shared prefix across physical interfaces scenario
Next, an example of how flow mobility works in this case is shown.
In Figure 1, a mobile node (MN1) has two different physical
interfaces (if1 and if2). Each physical interface is attached to a
different mobile access gateway, both of them anchored and controlled
by the same local mobility anchor. Both physical interfaces are
assigned the same prefix (pref1) upon attachment to the MAGs. If the
IP layer at the mobile node shows one single interface, then the
mobile node has one single IPv6 address configured at the IP layer:
pref1::mn1. Otherwise, two different IPv6 addresses (pref1::if1 and
pref1::if2) would be configured. We assumme the former case in the
following example (and in the rest of this document). Initially,
flow X goes through MAG1 and flow Y through MAG2. At certain point,
flow Y can be moved to also go through MAG1. As shown in Figure 2,
no signaling between the local mobility anchor and the mobile access
gateways is needed.
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+-----+ +------+ +------+ +-----+
Internet | LMA | | MAG1 | | MAG2 | | MN1 |
+-----+ +------+ +------+ +-----+
| | | | |
| flow X to | flow X to | flow X to |
| pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 |
|<----------->|<------------->|<-------------------------->if1
| flow Y to | flow Y to | flow Y to |
| pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 |
|<----------->|<----------------------------->|<---------->if2
| | | | |
| ============ | | ============
| || flow || | | || flow ||
| || policy || | | || policy ||
| || update || | | || update ||
| ============ | | ============
| | | | |
| flow Y to | flow Y to | flow Y to |
| pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 |
|<----------->|<------------->|<-------------------------->if1
| | | | |
Figure 2: Flow mobility message sequence with common set of prefixes
Figure 3 shows the state of the different network entities after
moving flow Y in the previous example. This documents re-uses some
of the terminology and mechanisms of the flow bindings and multiple
care-of address registration specifications. Note, that in this case
the BIDs shown in the figure are assigned locally by the LMA, since
there is no signaling required in this scenario. In any case,
alternative implementations of flow routing at the LMA could be used,
as it does not impact on the operation of the solution in this case.
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LMA Binding Cache LMA flowmob state
(BID, MN-ID, ATT, HNP, PCoA) (BID, TS)
+---+ ========================== ===================
|LMA| 1, MN1, if1, pref1, MAG1 1, flow X
+---+ 2, MN1, if2, pref1, MAG2 1, flow Y
//\\
+---------//--\\-------------+
( // \\ ) PMIPv6 domain
( // \\ )
+------//--------\\----------+
// \\
// \\ MAG1 routing state
+----+ +----+ ================================
|MAG1| |MAG2| (dest) (next hop)
+----+ +----+ pref1::/64 p2p-iface-with-MN1
| | ::/0 LMA
| |
| | MAG2 routing state
| +-------+ | ================================
| | I P | | (dest) (next hop)
| +---+---+ | pref1::/64 p2p-iface-with-MN1
|---|if1|if2|----| ::/0 LMA
+---+---+
MN1
Figure 3: Data structures with common set of prefixes
3.2.2. MN with different sets of prefixes on each MAG
A different flow mobility scenario happens when the local mobility
anchor assigns different sets of prefixes to physical interfaces of
the same mobile node. This covers the second and third use case
scenarios described in Section 3.1. In this case, specific signaling
is required between the local mobility anchor and the mobile access
gateway to enable relocating flows between the different attachments,
so the MAGs are aware of the prefixes for which the MN is going to
receive traffic, and local routing entries are configured
accordingly. Two different possibilities are considered next.
The first possibility corresponds to the use case scenario number 2
described in Section 3.1, in which a multi-interfaced mobile node
obtains a different set of prefixes on each attachment. Signaling is
required when a flow is to be moved from its original interface to a
new one. Since the local mobility anchor cannot send a PBA message
which has not been triggered in response to a received PBU message,
new signaling messages are defined to cover this case. The trigger
for the flow movement can be on the mobile node (e.g., by using
layer-2 signaling, by explicitly start sending flow packets via a new
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interface, etc.) or on the network (e.g., based on congestion and
measurements performed at the network).
If the flow is being moved from its default path (which is determined
by the destination prefix) to a different one, the local mobility
anchor constructs a Flow Mobility Initiate (FMI) message. This
message MUST be sent to the new target mobile access gateway, i.e.
the one selected to be used in the forwarding of the flow. The FMI
message contains (as explained in further detail in Section 4.1), the
MN-Identifier, the Flow Identification Mobility option (specified in
[RFC6089]) which can convey prefix or full flow information, and the
type of flow mobility operation (add flow). By default, prefix
information is provided. Full prefix granularity is non mandatory.
Optionally, the local mobility anchor may send another FMI message,
this time to remove the flow Y state at MAG2. Otherwise the flow
state at MAG2 will be removed upon timer expiration. The message
sequence is shown in Figure 4.
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+-----+ +------+ +------+ +-----+
Internet | LMA | | MAG1 | | MAG2 | | MN1 |
+-----+ +------+ +------+ +-----+
| | | | |
| flow X to | flow X to | flow X to |
| pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 |
|<----------->|<------------->|<-------------------------->if1
| flow Y to | flow Y to | flow Y to |
| pref2::mn1 | pref2::mn1 | pref2::mn1 |
|<----------->|<----------------------------->|<---------->if2
| | | | |
| ============ | | ============
| || flow || | | || flow ||
| || policy || | | || policy ||
| || update || | | || update ||
| ============ | | ============
| | | | |
| | FMI[MN1-ID,flow_info(Y),add] | |
| |-------------->| | |
| | FMA | | |
| |<--------------| | |
| flow Y to | flow Y to | flow Y to |
| pref2::mn1 | pref2::mn1 | pref2::mn1 |
|<----------->|<------------->|<-------------------------->if1
| | | | |
| | (optional) | |
| |FMI[MN1-ID,flow_info(Y),lft=0] | |
| |------------------------------>| |
| | | FMA | |
| |<------------------------------| |
| | | | |
Figure 4: Flow mobility message sequence when the LMA assigns
different sets of prefixes per physical interface (FMI signaling)
The state in the network after moving a flow, for the case the LMA
assigns a different set of prefixes is shown in Figure 5.
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LMA Binding Cache LMA flowmob state
(BID, MN-ID, ATT, HNP, PCoA) (BID, TS)
+---+ ============================ ===================
|LMA| 1, MN1, if1, pref1, 1, flow X
+---+ pref2, MAG1 1, flow Y
//\\ 2, MN1, if2, pref2, MAG2
+---------//--\\-------------+
( // \\ ) PMIPv6 domain
( // \\ )
+------//--------\\----------+
// \\
// \\ MAG1 routing state
+----+ +----+ ================================
|MAG1| |MAG2| (dest) (next hop)
+----+ +----+ pref1::/64 p2p-iface-with-MN1
| | pref2::/64 p2p-iface-with-MN1
| | ::/0 LMA
| |
| +-------+ | MAG2 routing state
| | I P | | ================================
| +---+---+ | (dest) (next hop)
|---|if1|if2|----| pref2::/64 p2p-iface-with-MN1
+---+---+ ::/0 LMA
MN1
Figure 5: Data structures when the LMA assigns a different set of
prefixes
The second possibility corresponds to the use case scenario number 3
described in Section 3.1, in which upon new physical interface
attachment, the MN obtains a combination of prefix(es) in use and new
prefix(es). Here, the mobile node is already attached to the PMIPv6-
Domain via MAG1. At a certain moment, the mobile node attaches a new
interface (if2) to MAG2. MAG2 sends a PBU which is then used by the
LMA to enable flow mobility. In this case, we consider that flows
are moved with a prefix granularity, meaning that flows are moved by
moving prefixes among the different MAGs the mobile node is attached
to. In this example, flow Y is bound to pref2::/64 and therefore the
flow can be moved by just binding pref2::/64 to MAG2. This is done
by including the prefix in the PBA message. The scenario is shown in
Figure 6.
Optionally, a Binding Revocation Indication message [RFC5846] with
the P bit set MAY be sent to MAG1 to indicate that this is a
revocation of PMIP prefix(es). After processing BRI, the source MAG
MUST send a Binding Revocation Acknowledgement (BRA) message back to
the LMA.
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+-----+ +------+ +------+ +-----+
Internet | LMA | | MAG1 | | MAG2 | | MN |
+-----+ +------+ +------+ +-----+
| | | | |
| flow X to | flow X to | flow X to |
| pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 | pref1::mn1 |
|<----------->|<--------------->|<-------------------------->if1
| flow Y to | flow Y to | flow Y to |
| pref2::mn1 | pref2::mn1 | pref2::mn1 |
|<----------->|<--------------->|<-------------------------->if1
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | MN powers on if2 and
| | | performs L2 attachment
| | | |<-----------if2
| | | PBU | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | PBA (pref2) | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| LMA moves pref2 to new | | |
| binding cache entry for if2 | | |
| | | | |
| flow y to | flow y to | flow y to |
| pref2::mn1 | pref2::mn1 | pref2::mn1 |
|<----------->|<------------------------------->|<---------->if2
| | | | |
| | (optional) | | |
| | BRI[pref2] | | |
| |---------------->| | |
| | BRA | | |
| |<----------------| | |
| | | | |
Figure 6: Flow mobility message sequence with different set of
prefixes per physical interface (PBU signaling)
In case flow mobility is needed with a finer granularity (e.g., flow
level instead of full prefix), a Flow Identification Mobility option
(specified in [RFC6089]) that can convey full flow information MUST
be included in the PBA. The MAG MAY also include the Flow
Identification Mobility option in the PBU message that it sends to
the LMA. This serves as a request from MAG to LMA to consider the
flow policy rules specified in the option. In this case, no prefix
is removed from any MAG because the movement is performed at a flow
level.
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3.2.3. MN with combination of prefix(es) in use and new prefix(es) on
each MAG
This scenario is a hybrid of the ones described in Section 3.2.1 and
Section 3.2.2. It requires flow mobility signaling to enable
relocating flows for the new prefix(es) which are not shared across
attachments.
4. Message formats
This section defines extensions to the Proxy Mobile IPv6 [RFC5213]
protocol messages.
4.1. Flow Mobility Initiate (FMI)
The LMA sends an FMI message to a MAG to enable flow mobility. It is
a Mobility Header message.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sequence # |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|I| Reserved | Lifetime |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
. .
. Mobility options .
. .
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Sequence Number:
A monotonically increasing integer. Set by the LMA sending then
initiate message, and used to match a reply in the
Acknowledgement.
'I' (initiate) flag:
Set to 1, indicates it is an FMI message.
Reserved:
This field is unused. MUST be set to zero by the sender.
Lifetime:
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The requested time in seconds for which the LMA asks the MAG keep
flow-specific state. A value of all one bits (0xffff) represents
infinity. If set to 0, it indicates a request to remove state
about the flow (cancel flow mobility)
Mobility Options:
MUST contain the MN-ID, followed by one or more Flow
Identification Mobility options [RFC6089].
4.2. Flow Mobility Acknowledgement (FMA)
The MAG sends an FMI message to the LMA as a response to the FMI
message. It is a Mobility Header message.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sequence # |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|I| Reserved | Status | Lifetime |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
. .
. Mobility options .
. .
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Sequence Number:
A monotonically increasing integer. Copied from the value set by
the sending LMA in the FMI message being acknowledged by this FMA
message.
'I' flag:
Set to 0, indicates it is an FMA message.
Reserved:
This field is unused. MUST be set to zero by the sender.
Status (values to be assigned by IANA):
??: Success.
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??: Reason unspecified.
??: MN not attached.
??: Sequence number out of window.
??: Traffic Selector format unsupported.
??: No existing Flow Mobility Cache entry.
Lifetime:
The requested time in seconds for which the MAG keeps flow-
specific state. A value of all one bits (0xffff) represents
infinity.
Mobility Options:
When Status code is 0, MUST contain the MN-ID, followed by one or
more Flow Identification Mobility options [RFC6089].
5. Conceptual Data Structures
This section summarizes the extensions to Proxy Mobile IPv6 that are
necessary to manage flow mobility.
5.1. Multiple Proxy Care-of Address Registration
The binding cache structure of the local mobility anchor is extended
to allow multiple proxy care of address (Proxy-CoA) registrations,
and support the mobile node use the same address (prefix) beyond a
single interface and mobile access gateway. The LMA maintains
multiple binding cache entries for an MN. The number of binding
cache entries for a mobile node is equal to the number of the MN's
interfaces attaching to any MAGs.
This specification re-uses the extensions defined in [RFC5648] to
manage multiple registrations, but in the context of Proxy Mobile
IPv6. The binding cache is therefore extended to include more than
one proxy care-of addresses and to associate each of them with a
binding identifier (BID). Note that the BID is a local identifier,
assigned and used by the local mobility anchor to identify which
entry of the flow mobility cache is used to decide how to route a
given flow.
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+---------+-----+-------+------+-----------+------------+
| BID-PRI | BID | MN-ID | ATT | HNP(s) | Proxy-CoA |
+---------+-----+-------+------+-----------+------------+
| 20 | 1 | MN1 | WiFi | HNP1,HNP2 | IP1 (MAG1) |
| 30 | 2 | MN1 | 3GPP | HNP1,HNP3 | IP2 (MAG2) |
+---------+-----+-------+------+-----------+------------+
Figure 7: Extended Binding Cache
Figure 7 shows and example of extended binding cache, containing two
binding cache entries (BCEs) of a mobile node MN1 attached to the
network using two different access technologies. Both of the two
attachments share the same prefix (HNP1) and are bounded to two
different Proxy-CoAs (two MAGs).
5.2. Flow Mobility Cache
Each local mobility anchor MUST maintain a flow mobility cache (FMC)
as shown in Figure 8. The flow mobility cache can be thought of as a
conceptual list of entries that is separate from the binding cache.
This conceptual list contains an entry for each of the registered
flows. This specification re-uses the format of the flow binding
list defined in [RFC6089]. Each enty includes the following fields:
o Flow Identifier Priority (FID-PRI).
o Flow Identifier (FID).
o Traffic Selector (TS).
o Binding Identifier (BID).
o Action.
o Active/Inactive.
+---------+-----+-----+------+---------+----------+
| FID-PRI | FID | TS | BIDs | Action | A/I |
+---------+-----+-----+------+---------+----------+
| 10 | 2 | TCP | 1 | Forward | Active |
| 20 | 4 | UDP | 1,2 | Forward | Inactive |
+---------+-----+-----+------+---------+----------+
Figure 8: Flow Mobility Cache
The BID field contains the identifier of the binding cache entry
which packets matching the flow information described in the TS field
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will be forwarded to. When a flow is decided to be moved, the
affected BID(s) of the table are updated.
Similar to flow binding described in [RFC6089], each entry of the
flow mobility cache points to a specific binding cache entry
identifier (BID). When a flow is moved, the local mobility anchor
simply updates the pointer of the flow binding entry with the BID of
the interface to which the flow will be moved. The traffic selector
(TS) in flow binding table is defined as in [RFC6088]. TS is used to
classify the packets of flows basing on specific parameters such as
service type, source and destination address, etc. The packets
matching with the same TS will be applied the same forwarding policy.
FID-PRI is the order of precedence to take action on the traffic.
Action may be forward or drop. If a binding entry becomes 'Inactive'
it does not affect data traffic. An entry becomes 'Inactive' only if
all of the BIDs are deregistered.
The mobile access gateway MAY also maintain a similar data structure.
In case no full flow mobility state is required at the MAG, the
Binding Update List (BUL) data structure is enough and no extra
conceptual data entries are needed. In case full per-flow state is
required at the mobile access gateway, it SHOULD also maintain a flow
mobility cache structure.
6. Mobile Node considerations
This specification assumes that the mobile node IP layer interface
can simultaneously and/or sequentially attach to multiple MAGs,
possibly over multiple media. The mobile node MUST be able to
enforce uplink policies to select the right outgoing interface. One
form to achieve this multiple attachment is described in
[I-D.ietf-netext-logical-interface-support], which allows the mobile
node supporting traffic flows on different physical interfaces
regardless of the assigned prefixes on those physical interfaces.
7. IANA Considerations
This specification defines two new mobility header types (Flow
Mobility Initiate and Flow Mobility Acknowledgement) and a new value
for the Handoff Indicator.
8. Security Considerations
The protocol signaling extensions defined in this document share the
same security concerns of Proxy Mobile IPv6 [RFC5213] and do not pose
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any additional security threats to those already identified in
[RFC5213]. The new Flow Mobility Initiate and Flow Mobility
Acknowledgement signaling messages, exchanged between the mobile
access gateway and the local mobility anchor, MUST be protected using
end-to-end security association(s) offering integrity and data origin
authentication.
The mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor MUST use the
IPsec security mechanism mandated by Proxy Mobile IPv6 [RFC5213] to
secure the signaling described in this document. In the following,
we describe the Security Policy Database (SPD) and Security
Association Database (SAD) entries necessary to protect the new
signaling introduced by this specification (Flow Mobility Initiate
and Flow Mobility Acknowledgement). We use the same format used by
[RFC4877]. The SPD and SAD entries are only example configurations.
A particular mobile access gateway implementation and a local
mobility anchor home agent implementation could configure different
SPD and SAD entries as long as they provide the required security of
the signaling messages.
For the examples described in this document, a mobile access gateway
with address "mag_address_1", and a local mobility anchor with
address "lma_address_1" are assumed.
mobile access gateway SPD-S:
- IF local_address = mag_address_1 &
remote_address = lma_address_1 &
proto = MH & (remote_mh_type = FMI | local_mh_type = FMA )
Then use SA1 (OUT) and SA2 (IN)
mobile access gateway SAD:
- SA1(OUT, spi_a, lma_address_1, ESP, TRANSPORT):
local_address = mag_address_1 &
remote_address = lma_address_1 &
proto = MH
- SA2(IN, spi_b, mag_address_1, ESP, TRANSPORT):
local_address = lma_address_1 &
remote_address = mag_address_1 &
proto = MH
local mobility anchor SPD-S:
- IF local_address = lma_address_1 &
remote_address =mag_address_1 &
proto = MH & (remote_mh_type = FMA | local_mh_type = FMI)
Then use SA2 (OUT) and SA1 (IN)
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local mobility anchor SAD:
- SA2(OUT, spi_b, mag_address_1, ESP, TRANSPORT):
local_address = lma_address_1 &
remote_address = mag_address_1 &
proto = MH
- SA1(IN, spi_a, lma_address_1, ESP, TRANSPORT):
local_address = mag_address_1 &
remote_address = lma_address_1 &
proto = MH
9. Authors
This document reflects contributions from the following authors (in
alphabetical order).
Kuntal Chowdhury
E-mail: Kchowdhu@cisco.com
Vijay Devarapalli
E-mail: vijay@wichorus.com
Sri Gundavelli
E-mail: sgundave@cisco.com
Youn-Hee Han
E-mail: yhhan@kut.ac.kr
Yong-Geun Hong
E-mail: yonggeun.hong@gmail.com
Mohana Dahamayanthi Jeyatharan
E-mail: mohana.jeyatharan@sg.panasonic.com
Rajeev Koodli
E-mail: rkoodli@cisco.com
Kent Leung
E-mail: kleung@cisco.com
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Telemaco Melia
E-mail: Telemaco.Melia@alcatel-lucent.com
Bruno Mongazon-Cazavet
E-mail: Bruno.Mongazon-Cazavet@alcatel-lucent.com
Chan-Wah Ng
E-mail: chanwah.ng@sg.panasonic.com
Behcet Sarikaya
E-mail: sarikaya@ieee.org
Tran Minh Trung
E-mail: trungtm2909@gmail.com
Frank Xia
E-mail: xiayangsong@huawei.com
10. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Juan-Carlos Zuniga, Pierrick Seite,
Julien Laganier for all the useful discussions on this topic.
The authors would also like to thank Marco Liebsch and Juan-Carlos
Zuniga for their reviews of this document.
The work of Carlos J. Bernardos has also been partially supported by
the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-ICT-2009-5)
under grant agreement n. 258053 (MEDIEVAL project) and by the
Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under the QUARTET project
(TIN2009-13992-C02-01).
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC4877] Devarapalli, V. and F. Dupont, "Mobile IPv6 Operation with
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IKEv2 and the Revised IPsec Architecture", RFC 4877,
April 2007.
[RFC5213] Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K.,
and B. Patil, "Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 5213, August 2008.
[RFC5648] Wakikawa, R., Devarapalli, V., Tsirtsis, G., Ernst, T.,
and K. Nagami, "Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration",
RFC 5648, October 2009.
[RFC5846] Muhanna, A., Khalil, M., Gundavelli, S., Chowdhury, K.,
and P. Yegani, "Binding Revocation for IPv6 Mobility",
RFC 5846, June 2010.
[RFC6088] Tsirtsis, G., Giarreta, G., Soliman, H., and N. Montavont,
"Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings", RFC 6088,
January 2011.
[RFC6089] Tsirtsis, G., Soliman, H., Montavont, N., Giaretta, G.,
and K. Kuladinithi, "Flow Bindings in Mobile IPv6 and
Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support", RFC 6089,
January 2011.
11.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-netext-logical-interface-support]
Melia, T. and S. Gundavelli, "Logical Interface Support
for multi-mode IP Hosts",
draft-ietf-netext-logical-interface-support-05 (work in
progress), April 2012.
Author's Address
Carlos J. Bernardos (editor)
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Av. Universidad, 30
Leganes, Madrid 28911
Spain
Phone: +34 91624 6236
Email: cjbc@it.uc3m.es
URI: http://www.it.uc3m.es/cjbc/
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