BGP Auto Discovery
draft-raszuk-idr-bgp-auto-discovery-07
Network Working Group R. Raszuk, Ed.
Internet-Draft NTT NI
Intended status: Standards Track J. Mitchell, Ed.
Expires: April 16, 2022 W. Kumari
Google
K. Patel
Arrcus
J. Scudder
Juniper Networks
October 13, 2021
BGP Auto Discovery
draft-raszuk-idr-bgp-auto-discovery-07
Abstract
This document describes a method for automating portions of a
router's BGP configuration via discovery of BGP peers with which to
establish further sessions from an initial "bootstrap" router. This
method can apply for establishment of either Internal or External BGP
peering sessions.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on April 16, 2022.
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Copyright Notice
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document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Auto discovery mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Deployment Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. Capability Advertisement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. History
An idea for IBGP Auto Mesh [I-D.raszuk-idr-ibgp-auto-mesh] was
originally presented at IETF 57. The concept made use of an IGP
(either ISIS or OSPF) for flooding BGP auto discovery information.
In this proposal both auto-discovery/bootstrapping and propagation of
BGP configuration parameters occur within the BGP4 protocol itself.
The IGP based IBGP discovery mechanism presented was well fitted to
the native IP switching, in which all nodes in the IGP need to
participate in BGP mesh. However, it also came with a number of
drawbacks, some of which include the requirement for leaking between
area boundaries or possible race conditions between disjoint flooding
paths from which the information arrived.
The BGP peer auto discovery mechanism described in this document was
conceived initially in 2008 as a way to distribute peering session
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establishment information via BGP for IBGP applications which are
only active on the edge of the network. For example, these
applications include BGP MPLS IP VPNs [RFC4364], rt-constrain
[RFC4684], flow-spec [RFC5575], or Multicast VPNs [RFC6513]. However
the idea was not documented for the community to discuss further at
that time.
In 2011, another solution for BGP peer discovery that targeted EBGP
peer discovery for Internet Exchange Point (IXP) participants was
described in [I-D.wkumari-idr-socialite]. This idea was useful as a
potential alternative solution for operators who wished to maintain
individual peering sessions with other IXP participants, rather than
receiving information through route-servers operated by the IXP
operator without the associated administrative burden of configuring
and maintaining sessions with all the other participants. This draft
distributed the participant sessions information utilizing a BGP
capability code [RFC5492] that was ill-suited for updating the
information after initial session establishment.
This draft represents an attempt by the authors of both drafts to
provide a solution that can be used in multiple IBGP or EBGP
applications when the operator desires to automatically collect and
distribute basic BGP session establishment information from a
centralized BGP speaker.
2. Introduction
The base BGP-4 specification [RFC4271] utilizes TCP for session
establishment between peers, which requires prior knowledge of the
endpoint's address to which a BGP session should be targeted. This
endpoint in most deployments is configured manually by the operator
at each end of pair of network elements. In numerous applications,
the list of all valid endpoints may be available centrally; however,
the task of configuring or updating all of the network elements that
require this information becomes a much larger task.
The most typical application of this in most networks is the
establishment of a full mesh of IBGP routers to distribute standard
IPv4 and IPv6 unicast routing information, such as the Internet route
table, within an Autonomous System (AS). This was one of the reasons
that lead to the introduction of BGP Route Reflection [RFC4456]. The
most common benefits/drawbacks associated with route reflection are
listed below:
o Configuration ease when adding or deleting new IBGP peers
o Reduction number of TCP sessions to be handled by ASBRs/PEs
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o Information reduction - best path propagation only
o Limitation for new applications that require more than best path
propagation
o Route instabilities caused by information reduction (ex:
oscillations) etc. ...
Another application which requires prior knowledge of a large number
of BGP endpoints is at Internet Exchange Points (IXP). These
networks are specifically built and operated as locations for
different networks to peer and exchange traffic. Multilateral
Interconnection at an IXP
[I-D.ietf-grow-ix-bgp-route-server-operations] is utilized to avoid
having each participant at the IXP having to contact all of the other
participants to enter into peering relationships, utilizing a Route
Server (RS). Some of the reasons why participants peer with route-
servers at IXPs include:
o reducing the administrative burden of arranging and configuring
BGP sessions with all the other participants
o not wanting (or being able) to carry views from all the
participants
o relying on the IXP operator to implement routing policy decisions
(see [I-D.ietf-idr-ix-bgp-route-server])
This document describes an alternate solution for BGP peering session
endpoint information discovery. This alternate solution reduces the
administrative burden of configuring and maintaining BGP sessions in
both IBGP applications (such as the full or partial mesh) and EBGP
applications (such as at an IXP) as described above. This document
does not address the other reasons why operators may choose to take
alternative approaches that still require manual configuration or
relying other devices for routing information distribution; however,
auto-discovery and manual configuration are not mutually exclusive,
and it is expected that some network elements will utilize both
approaches.
In many cases existing route reflectors (in the IBGP use case) or
route-servers (in the IXP) case may be utilized for the bootstrapping
discovery mechanism in this document. This has several advantages:
o Re-use of already deployed devices for an add on and incremental
automated BGP peer discovery
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o Current place and operation in the network is optimal for session
establishment for the relevant subset of clients that need the
information.
o A verification only mode to analyze and generate a warning only
message when manual IBGP peering configuration mistakes are
detected.
3. Auto discovery mechanism
The amount of discovery information distributed via this mechanism is
likely to be orders of magnitude less than the amount of underlying
prefix (or other information) distributed today by existing route
reflectors or route servers, so scalability for this mechanism should
not be a concern.
This mechanism is designed to work on a per AFI/SAFI basis. For
example, a currently deployed route reflector, providing route
reflection for IPv4 unicast routes could continue in that function
and at the same time provide a BGP peer discovery functionality for
that or other address families. That could have a very positive
effect for the deployment of any of the new address families as core
RRs would not need to be upgraded to support new address families yet
could still serve as information brokers for them.
In order to propagate information describing their BGP active
configuration (activated AFI/SAFIs) we propose to define a new
address family with the NLRI format of <Group_ID:Router_ID>.
The new address family will inherit current BGP update & msg formats
as well as all necessary attributes used for normal and loop free BGP
route distribution.
The Group Identifier Group_ID is a four octet value, and Router_ID is
a four octet value [RFC6286].
The new type code for the new BGP Peer Discovery AFI/SAFI will be
TBD1.
The role of the Group_ID is to allow scoped group creation in the
same ASN/AFI/SAFI tuple. If not set by the operator, implying all
peers will be in the same group, this value will be all zeros.
The way to group mesh interconnectivity is left to the operator. The
Group_ID could be used for instance to group sub-AS or RR clients (if
the RR is not doing client to client reflection), or for tying sets
of EBGP peers to specific policy. A similar model takes place today
for interconnecting confederation Sub-ASes as described in [RFC5065].
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A new BGP Peer Discovery Attribute is defined to carry information
about all activated and flagged for automatic provisioning AFI/SAFIs
by a given BGP speaker. The format of the new BGP Peer Discovery
Attribute is defined below in Figure 1:
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Attr. Flags (1 octet) | Attr. Type Code (1 octet)|
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Attribute Length (2 octets) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| AFI/SAFI Descriptors w Peering Addresses 1 (var) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| ... |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| AFI/SAFI Descriptors w Peering Addresses N (var) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1: BGP Peer Discovery Attribute
The attribute flags and type code fields are detailed in Figure 2:
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|1|0|0|1|0|0|0|0| TBD |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2: Flags & Type Code Fields
o Bit 0 - Optional attribute (value 1)
o Bit 1 - Non transitive attribute (value 0)
o Bit 2 - Partial bit (value 0 for optional non transitive
attributes)
o Bit 3 - Extended length of two octets (value 1)
o Bit 4-7 - Unused (value all zeros)
o Type code - Attribute type code TBD2
Each BGP Peer Discovery Attribute contains one or more of the AFI/
SAFI Descriptors as shown in Figure 3:
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+--------------------------------------------------+
|O|F|I| Reserved |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Peer Autonomous System (4 octets) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Peering AFI | AFI/SAFI Descriptor (3 octets) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Identifier (4 octets) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Peering Address (variable length based on AFI) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3: AFI/SAFI Descriptor
AFI/SAFI Descriptor Flags (1 octet):
o O bit - Route originator or EBGP speaker (Yes - 1, No - 0)
o F bit - Force new peering. Default not set - 0, set - 1.
o I bit - Informational only (Do not attempt to establish a BGP
connection)
Peer Autonomous System Number:
o This is the neighbor's BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN), as
described in [RFC6793], that should be expected for peering, iBGP
if it matches the local router ASN, eBGP otherwise.
Identifier:
o This field is set to 0. If a non-zero value is set then the peer
connection should be viewed as a tuple of <AFI/SAFI/Identifier>.
Also at the same time the peer connection should be viewed as
<AFI/SAFI/Identifier> and a separate connection should be
initiated if the peer connection is not yet established.
Peering Address:
o Depending on the value of Peering AFI peering address on which BGP
speaker is expecting to receive BGP session OPEN messages.
The special value of AFI/SAFI Descriptor can be all zeros. That will
indicate that the information contained in the Group_id applies to
all AFI/SAFIs given receiver supports. In those cases BGP OPEN msg
will negotiate the subset of AFI/SAFIs to be established between
given BGP peers.
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It is expected that when Router_ID is changed on the BGP speaker
sessions are restarted and therefore NLRI received with the former
Router_ID withdrawn. When sessions restart, the new Router_ID will
be sent in the NLRI corresponding to the BGP speaker with the
reconfigured Router_ID. It is highly advised to change Router_ID
only when critical as the impact to BGP is for any AFI/SAFI sever.
An implementation may force the user to configure BGP Router_ID
explicitly, before activating the new BGP Peer Discovery AFI/SAFI.
From the RR perspective as each BGP speaker can have only one
Router_ID value, there would be only a single BGP Peer Discovery NLRI
originated by one. It was a conscious design decision not to create
a new BGP attribute for the reflector and require route reflector to
build an aggregate list of AFI/SAFI descriptors common to given set
of BGP Peer Discovery NLRIs in such a new attribute. We prefer to
allow RR to remain simple with no additional code changes required
for the price of no update packing possibility when it handles BGP
Peer Discovery NLRIs in an atomic way.
Implementations MAY support local configuration of all possible
remote peering address ranges, autonomous system numbers or other
filters expected to be received via BGP Peer Discovery, or on a per
group basis. Implementations SHOULD allow operators to group
specific auto-discovered peers with specific groups based on
Group_ID.
On the receive side, a persistent cache SHOULD be maintained by BGP
with all received information about other BGP speakers announcing
their BGP Peer Discovery information in a given Group's scope.
BGP Peer Discovery implementation should allow for per address
family, subsequent address family and Group_ID disjoint topologies
granularity.
When multiple AFI/SAFI pairs match on any two BGP speakers and value
of the Identifier passed on AFI/SAFI Descriptor field is set to all
zeros only one BGP session should be attempted. Regular BGP
capabilities will be used to negotiate given AFI/SAFI mutual set.
AFI/SAFI granularity is required to allow for disjoint topologies of
different information being distributed by BGP.
BGP speakers "O" flag eligible may establish session with any other
BGP speaker if passing all peering criteria for a given AFI/SAFI.
BGP speakers "O" flag not eligible (ex: P routers) should not
establish IBGP peering to any other "O" flag not eligible BGP
speakers.
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When peering address changes for an existing AFI/SAFI and new BGP
update is received with the new peering address old peering should
remain intact when "F" flag is not set (default = 0). When session
is cleared manually or goes down for any other reason, the new
peering address should be used.
When "F" flag is set new peering address should be used immediately
and current BGP session to the peer restarted for given AFI/SAFI.
4. Deployment Considerations
All implementations SHOULD still allow manual neighbor establishments
which in fact could be complimentary and co-existing to the BGP Peer
Auto Discovery neighbors.
In addition BGP Peer Auto Discovery exchange can be enabled just for
informational purposes while provisioning would remain manual before
operational teams get familiar with new capability and verify it's
mechanics.
Within each Group_ID upon which auto-discovery is enabled, it is
expected that neighbors will form sessions with all peers received
within the group. This allows the building of full-mesh or partial-
mesh topologies of peers for iBGP by varying the Group_ID field.
Incremental deployment with enabling just a few routers to advertise
BGP Peer Discovery AF while maintaining manual configuration based
peering with the rest of the network is supported.
Another key aspect of today's BGP deployment, other then peer to peer
filtering push via ORF [RFC5292], is outbound customization of BGP
information to be distributed among various peers. The most common
tools for such customization could be peer templates, peer groups or
any other similar local configuration grouping. Individual members
of such groups can still be added to them manually, and BGP auto-
discovery peers can be grouped to such groups using the Group_ID.
The Peer Discovery implementation supports the ability to specify
peer ranges which could automatically achieve addition or deletion of
BGP peers to such groups. This can save a lot of manual
configuration and customization for outbound policies shared by
multiple peers. Individual session customization would be still
possible by manual provisioning.
5. Capability Advertisement
A BGP speaker that wishes to exchange BGP Peer Discovery Information
must use the the BGP Multiprotocol Extensions Capability Code as
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defined in [RFC4760], to advertise the corresponding (AFI, SAFI)
pair.
6. IANA Considerations
This document defines a new BGP Auto Discovery SAFI type code TBD1
which will be used to carry local BGP peering configuration data.
That value will need to be assigned by IANA from BGP SAFI Type Code
space.
This document defines a new NLRI format, called BGP Auto Discovery
NLRI, to be carried in BGP Auto Discovery SAFI using BGP
multiprotocol extensions. This document defines a new BGP optional
transitive attribute, called BGP Peer Discovery Attribute. A new
attribute type code TBD2 is to be assigned by IANA from the BGP path
attribute Type Code space.
This document defines a new BGP Capability Type code (TBD3) to be
allocated by IANA.
Once TBD1, TBD2, and TBD3 values are allocated please replace them in
the above text.
7. Security Considerations
This document allows for local configuration of BGP authentication
mechanisms such as BGP-MD5 [RFC2385] or TCP-AO [RFC5925] and these
are highly recommended for deployment on the BGP peer auto-discovery
neighbor sessions. Similar authentication could be configured on a
per peer or peer-group basis based on the auto-discovery information
received before session establishment, however no exchange of
authentication information occurs within the protocol itself.
Operators SHOULD NOT use peer auto-discovery with untrusted peers as
attacks on implementation scalability could be triggered by
overwhelming the router with a larger number of auto-discovery peers
then can be supported. Operators should also use caution on what
addresses and AFI/SAFI combinations they want to allow reception of
auto-discovery information for.
8. Contributors
The BGP auto-discovery idea contained in this document was originally
developed by Pedro Roque Margues and Robert Raszuk in 2008 to cover
the IBGP full mesh use case however it was not published at that
time.
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9. Acknowledgments
TBD
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed., "A
Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4271, January 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4271>.
[RFC6793] Vohra, Q. and E. Chen, "BGP Support for Four-Octet
Autonomous System (AS) Number Space", RFC 6793,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6793, December 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6793>.
10.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-grow-ix-bgp-route-server-operations]
Hilliard, N., Jasinska, E., Raszuk, R., and N. Bakker,
"Internet Exchange BGP Route Server Operations", draft-
ietf-grow-ix-bgp-route-server-operations-05 (work in
progress), June 2015.
[I-D.ietf-idr-ix-bgp-route-server]
Jasinska, E., Hilliard, N., Raszuk, R., and N. Bakker,
"Internet Exchange BGP Route Server", draft-ietf-idr-ix-
bgp-route-server-12 (work in progress), June 2016.
[I-D.raszuk-idr-ibgp-auto-mesh]
Raszuk, R., "IBGP Auto Mesh", draft-raszuk-idr-ibgp-auto-
mesh-00 (work in progress), June 2003.
[I-D.wkumari-idr-socialite]
Kumari, W., Patel, K., and J. Scudder, "Automagic peering
at IXPs.", draft-wkumari-idr-socialite-02 (work in
progress), October 2012.
[RFC2385] Heffernan, A., "Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5
Signature Option", RFC 2385, DOI 10.17487/RFC2385, August
1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2385>.
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[RFC4364] Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, DOI 10.17487/RFC4364, February
2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4364>.
[RFC4456] Bates, T., Chen, E., and R. Chandra, "BGP Route
Reflection: An Alternative to Full Mesh Internal BGP
(IBGP)", RFC 4456, DOI 10.17487/RFC4456, April 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4456>.
[RFC4684] Marques, P., Bonica, R., Fang, L., Martini, L., Raszuk,
R., Patel, K., and J. Guichard, "Constrained Route
Distribution for Border Gateway Protocol/MultiProtocol
Label Switching (BGP/MPLS) Internet Protocol (IP) Virtual
Private Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4684, DOI 10.17487/RFC4684,
November 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4684>.
[RFC4760] Bates, T., Chandra, R., Katz, D., and Y. Rekhter,
"Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4", RFC 4760,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4760, January 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4760>.
[RFC5065] Traina, P., McPherson, D., and J. Scudder, "Autonomous
System Confederations for BGP", RFC 5065,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5065, August 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5065>.
[RFC5292] Chen, E. and S. Sangli, "Address-Prefix-Based Outbound
Route Filter for BGP-4", RFC 5292, DOI 10.17487/RFC5292,
August 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5292>.
[RFC5492] Scudder, J. and R. Chandra, "Capabilities Advertisement
with BGP-4", RFC 5492, DOI 10.17487/RFC5492, February
2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5492>.
[RFC5575] Marques, P., Sheth, N., Raszuk, R., Greene, B., Mauch, J.,
and D. McPherson, "Dissemination of Flow Specification
Rules", RFC 5575, DOI 10.17487/RFC5575, August 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5575>.
[RFC5925] Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP
Authentication Option", RFC 5925, DOI 10.17487/RFC5925,
June 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5925>.
[RFC6286] Chen, E. and J. Yuan, "Autonomous-System-Wide Unique BGP
Identifier for BGP-4", RFC 6286, DOI 10.17487/RFC6286,
June 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6286>.
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[RFC6513] Rosen, E., Ed. and R. Aggarwal, Ed., "Multicast in MPLS/
BGP IP VPNs", RFC 6513, DOI 10.17487/RFC6513, February
2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6513>.
Authors' Addresses
Robert Raszuk (editor)
NTT NI
Stewart Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
USA
Email: robert@raszuk.net
Jon Mitchell (editor)
Google
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, CA 94043
US
Email: jrmitche@puck.nether.net
Warren Kumari
Google
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, CA 94043
US
Email: warren@kumari.net
Keyur Patel
Arrcus
US
Email: keyur@arrcus.com
John Scudder
Juniper Networks
1194 N. Mathilda Ave
Sunnyvale CA
USA
Email: jgs@juniper.net
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