Internet Protocol-based In-Vehicle Emergency Call
draft-rosen-ecrit-ecall-08

ECRIT                                                           B. Rosen
Internet-Draft                                             NeuStar, Inc.
Intended status:  Standards Track                          H. Tschofenig
Expires:  August 29, 2013                         Nokia Siemens Networks
                                                              R. Gellens
                                                   QUALCOMM Incorporated
                                                       February 25, 2013

           Internet Protocol-based In-Vehicle Emergency Call
                     draft-rosen-ecrit-ecall-08.txt

Abstract

   This document describes how to re-use the emergency services
   mechanisms specified for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to
   accomplishing emergency calling support in vehicles.  Profiling and
   simplifications are possible due to the nature of the functionality
   that is going to be provided in vehicles with the usage of Global
   Positioning System (GPS).

Status of this Memo

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 29, 2013.

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   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  Profile  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  Example  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   5.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   7.  Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   8.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   9.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     9.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     9.2.  Informative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   Appendix A.  Matching Functionality with eCall Minimum Set of
                Data (MSD)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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1.  Introduction

   Emergency calls made from vehicles can assist with the objective of
   significantly reducing road deaths and injuries.  Unfortunately,
   drivers often have a poor location-awareness, especially on urban
   roads (also during night) and abroad.  In the most crucial cases, the
   victim(s) may not be able to call because they have been injured or
   trapped.

   In Europe the European Commission has launched the 'eCall' initiative
   that may best be described as a user initiated or automatically
   triggered system to provide notifications to Public Safety Answering
   Point's (PSAP), by means of cellular communications, that a vehicle
   has crashed, and to provide geodetic location information and where
   possible a voice channel to the PSAP.  At the time of writing the
   support for eCall is focused on legacy mobile circuit switched voice
   technology.  This document details how the same functionality (and
   even more) can be accomplished using Internet protocols and SIP.  The
   goal is to re-use existing specifications in the area of SIP-based
   emergency calling.

   This document is organized as follows:  Section 2 defines the
   terminology, Section 3 describes how the required functionality can
   be accomplished by combining several already existing standards, and
   Section 4 shows an example message exchange.  This document concludes
   with the security considerations in Section 5 and IANA considerations
   in Section 6.  Appendix A illustrates how to map the functionality in
   this document to the eCall Minimum Set of Data (MSD) specified for
   mobile circuit switched voice.

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2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [1].

   This document re-uses terminology defined in Section 3 of [9].

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3.  Profile

   In the context of emergncy calls placed from a vehicle it is assumed
   that the car is equipped with a built-in GPS receiver.  For this
   reason only geodetic location information will be sent within an
   emergency call.  The following location shapes MUST be implemented:
   2d and 3d Point (see Section 5.2.1 of [2]), Circle (see Section 5.2.3
   of [2]), and Ellipsoid (see Section 5.2.7 of [2]).  The coordinate
   reference systems (CRS) specified in [2] are also mandatory for this
   document.  The <direction> element, as defined in [3] which indicates
   the direction of travel of the vehicle, is important for dispatch and
   hence it MUST be included in the PIDF-LO .  The <heading> element
   specified in [3] MUST be implemented and MAY be included.

   This specification also inherits the ability to utilize test call
   functionality from Section 15 of [4].

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4.  Example

   Figure 1 shows an emergency call placed from a vehicle whereby
   location information information is directly attached to the SIP
   INVITE message itself.  The call is marked as an emergency call using
   the 'urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic' service URN and the PSAP of the
   VoIP provider determines which PSAP to contact based on the provided
   location information.  The emergency call continues towards the PSAP
   and in this example it hits the ESRP, as the entry point to the PSAP
   operators emergency services network.  Finally, the emergency call
   will be received by a call taker and first reponders will be
   dispatched.

                   +--------+
                   | LoST   |
                   | Server |
                   +--------+
                       ^                         +-------+
                       |                         | PSAP2 |
                       |                         +-------+
                       v
                   +-------+     +------+     +-------+
    Vehicle ------>| Proxy |---->| ESRP |---->| PSAP1 |-----> Call-Taker
                   +-------+     +------+     +-------+

                                                 +-------+
                                                 | PSAP3 |
                                                 +-------+

       Figure 1: Example of In-Vehicular Emergency Call Message Flow

   The example, shown in Figure 2, illustrates a SIP INVITE and location
   information encoded in a PIDF-LO that is being conveyed in such an
   emergency call.

      INVITE urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic SIP/2.0
      To: urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic
      From: <sip:+13145551111@example.com>;tag=9fxced76sl
      Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@atlanta.example.com
      Geolocation: <cid:target123@example.com>
      Geolocation-Routing: no
      Accept: application/sdp, application/pidf+xml
      CSeq: 31862 INVITE
      Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=boundary1
      Content-Length: ...

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      --boundary1

      Content-Type: application/sdp

      ...Session Description Protocol (SDP) goes here

      --boundary1

   Content-Type: application/pidf+xml
   Content-ID: <target123@atlanta.example.com>
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <presence
          xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
          xmlns:dm="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model"
          xmlns:gp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10"
          xmlns:dyn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10:dynamic"
          xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
          xmlns:gs="http://www.opengis.net/pidflo/1.0"
          entity="sip:+13145551111@example.com">
          <dm:device id="123">
              <gp:geopriv>
                  <gp:location-info>
                      <gml:Point srsName="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326">
                         <gml:pos>-34.407 150.883</gml:pos>
                      </gml:Point>
                       <dyn:Dynamic>
                          <dyn:heading>278</dyn:heading>
                                              <dyn:direction><dyn:direction>
                       </dyn:Dynamic>
                  </gp:location-info>
                  <gp:usage-rules/>
                  <method>gps</method>
              </gp:geopriv>
              <timestamp>2012-04-5T10:18:29Z</timestamp>
              <dm:deviceID>1M8GDM9A_KP042788</dm:deviceID>
          </dm:device>
   </presence>
      --boundary1--

      Figure 2: SIP INVITE indicating an In-Vehicular Emergency Call

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5.  Security Considerations

   This document does not raise security considerations beyond those
   described in [10].  As with emergency service systems with end host
   provided location information there is the possibility that that
   location is incorrect, either intentially (in case of an a denial of
   service attack against the emergency services infrastructure) or due
   to a malfunctioning devices.  The reader is referred to [11] for a
   discussion of some of these vulnerabilities.

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6.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to register the URN 'urn:service:sos.ecall' under
   the sub-services 'sos' registry defined in Section 4.2 of [5].

   This service identifier reaches a public safety answering point
   (PSAP), which in turn dispatches aid appropriate to the emergency
   related to accidents of vehicles.  Two sub-services are registered as
   well, namely

   urn:service:sos.ecall.manual

      This service URN indicates that an eCall had been triggered based
      on the manual interaction of the driver or a passenger.

   urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic

      This service URN indicates that an eCall had been triggered
      automatically, for example, due to a crash.  No human involvement
      was detected.

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7.  Contributors

   We would like to thank Ulrich Dietz for his help with earlier
   versions of the document.

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8.  Acknowledgements

   We would like to thank Michael Montag, Arnoud van Wijk, Ban Al-Bakri,
   and Gunnar Hellstroem for their feedback.

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9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [1]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
         Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [2]   Winterbottom, J., Thomson, M., and H. Tschofenig, "GEOPRIV
         Presence Information Data Format Location Object (PIDF-LO)
         Usage Clarification, Considerations, and Recommendations",
         RFC 5491, March 2009.

   [3]   Schulzrinne, H., Singh, V., Tschofenig, H., and M. Thomson,
         "Dynamic Extensions to the Presence Information Data Format
         Location Object (PIDF-LO)", RFC 5962, September 2010.

   [4]   Rosen, B. and J. Polk, "Best Current Practice for
         Communications Services in support of Emergency Calling",
         draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-20 (work in progress),
         September 2011.

   [5]   Schulzrinne, H., "A Uniform Resource Name (URN) for Emergency
         and Other Well-Known Services", RFC 5031, January 2008.

   [6]   Rosen, B., Tschofenig, H., Marshall, R., and R. Randy,
         "Additional Data related to an Emergency Call",
         draft-ietf-ecrit-additional-data-06 (work in progress),
         February 2013.

   [7]   Peterson, J., "A Presence-based GEOPRIV Location Object
         Format", RFC 4119, December 2005.

   [8]   Polk, J., Rosen, B., and J. Peterson, "Location Conveyance for
         the Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 6442, December 2011.

9.2.  Informative references

   [9]   Schulzrinne, H. and R. Marshall, "Requirements for Emergency
         Context Resolution with Internet Technologies", RFC 5012,
         January 2008.

   [10]  Taylor, T., Tschofenig, H., Schulzrinne, H., and M. Shanmugam,
         "Security Threats and Requirements for Emergency Call Marking
         and Mapping", RFC 5069, January 2008.

   [11]  Tschofenig, H., Schulzrinne, H., and B. Aboba, "Trustworthy
         Location", draft-ietf-ecrit-trustworthy-location-04 (work in
         progress), October 2012.

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   [12]  CEN, "Intelligent transport systems - eSafety - eCall minimum
         set of data (MSD), EN 15722", June 2011.

   [13]  Schulzrinne, H., "Timed Presence Extensions to the Presence
         Information Data Format (PIDF) to Indicate Status Information
         for Past and Future Time Intervals", RFC 4481, July 2006.

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Appendix A.  Matching Functionality with eCall Minimum Set of Data (MSD)

   [12] outlines a number of data elements that are transmitted in an
   emergency call triggered by a vehicle.  Note that the work on eCall
   for mobile circuit switched voice is constrained in a number of ways.
   For example, eCall uses an inband voice modem to transmit data from a
   vehicle to a PSAP.  Since the functionality in this document is based
   on the Session Initiation Protocol these limitations do not exist.
   As such, it is not useful to transmit the MSD inband in the voice
   channel but to rather use the SIP-designed mechanisms.  Any voice,
   video, or real-text communication will be negotiated using the
   Session Description Protocol (SDP), as shown in Figure 2, and the
   actual media stream will then take place in RTP packets.

   The following list compares the eCall minimum set of data with the
   functionality provided in this document.

   Version of the MSD Format

   Message Identifier:  Every SIP INVITE message contains a Call-ID,
      which is a globally unique identifier for this call.

   Vehicle Type Encoding:  [Editor's Note:  Description to be added.].

   Test Call Indication  A service URN starting with "test." indicates a
      request for an automated test.  For example,
      "urn:service:test.sos.ecall.automatic" indicates such a test
      feature.  This functionality is defined in [4].

   Automatic Activation Indication:  This document registers new service
      URNs, which allow the differentiation between manually and
      automatically triggered emergency calls.  The two service URNs
      are:  urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic and
      urn:service:sos.ecall.manual

   Vehicle Identification:  The PIDF data structure contains a deviceID
      field that holds the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).

   Vehicle Propulsion Storage type:  These parameters identify the type
      of vehicle energy storage(s) present.  [Editor's Note:
      Description to be added.]

   Timestamp of Incident Event:  The PIDF-LO element contains the
      timestamp when the PIDF-LO was created, which is at the time of
      the incident.

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   Vehicle Location:  The location of the vehicle is conveyed using the
      PIDF location objection, as described in Section 3.

   Vehicle Direction:  The direction of the vehicle is part of location
      information, as described in Section 3.

   Recent Vehicle Location:  With this optional functionality multiple
      location objects may be required to be transported simultaneously.
      This can be achieved using <timed-presence>, defined in RFC 4481
      [13].

   Number of Passengers:  Minimum known number of fastened seatbelts.
      [Editor's Note:  Description to be added.]

   Additional Data:  [6] provides the ability to carry additional data
      for an emergency call.

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Authors' Addresses

   Brian Rosen
   NeuStar, Inc.
   470 Conrad Dr
   Mars, PA  16046
   US

   Phone:
   Email:  br@brianrosen.net

   Hannes Tschofenig
   Nokia Siemens Networks
   Linnoitustie 6
   Espoo  02600
   Finland

   Phone:  +358 (50) 4871445
   Email:  Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net
   URI:    http://www.tschofenig.priv.at

   Randall Gellens
   QUALCOMM Incorporated
   5775 Morehouse Drive
   San Diego  92651
   US

   Email:  rg+ietf@qualcomm.com

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