Deterministic Networking SRv6 Data Plane
draft-varga-detnet-srv6-data-plane-00
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| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (individual) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Balazs Varga , Ferenc Fejes | ||
| Last updated | 2024-06-19 | ||
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draft-varga-detnet-srv6-data-plane-00
DetNet B. Varga, Ed.
Internet-Draft F. Fejes
Intended status: Standards Track Ericsson
Expires: 21 December 2024 19 June 2024
Deterministic Networking SRv6 Data Plane
draft-varga-detnet-srv6-data-plane-00
Abstract
This document specifies the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) data
plane when operating over an SRv6 Packet Switched Network. It
leverages existing IPv6 encapsulations using DetNet specific SIDs and
Traffic Engineering mechanisms provided by SRv6. This document
builds on the DetNet architecture and data plane framework.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 21 December 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Terms Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. DetNet SRv6 Data Plane Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. DetNet sub-layers with SRv6 Data Plane . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. DetNet SRv6 Data Plane Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. SRv6-Based DetNet Data Plane Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. DetNet Over SRv6 Encapsulation Components . . . . . . . . 6
4.2. SRv6 Data Plane Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.1. DetNet specific SID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.2. Flow-ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.3. SeqNum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3. Service Sub-Layer Related Processing . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3.1. Packet Replication Function Processing . . . . . . . 10
4.3.2. Packet Elimination Function Processing . . . . . . . 10
4.3.3. Packet Ordering Function Processing . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4. Forwarding Sub-Layer Related Processing . . . . . . . . . 11
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. Introduction
Deterministic Networking (DetNet) is a service that can be offered by
a network to DetNet flows. DetNet provides a capability for the
delivery of data flows with extremely low packet loss rates and
bounded end-to-end delivery latency. General background and concepts
of DetNet can be found in the DetNet Architecture [RFC8655].
The purpose of this document is to describe the use of the SRv6 data
plane to establish and support DetNet flows. The DetNet Architecture
models the DetNet related data plane functions decomposed into two
sub-layers: a service sub-layer and a forwarding sub-layer. The
service sub-layer is used to provide DetNet service functions such as
protection and reordering. At the DetNet data plane a new set of
functions (PREOF) provide the service sub-layer specific tasks. The
forwarding sub-layer is used to provide forwarding assurance (low
loss, assured latency, and limited out-of-order delivery). The use
of the functionalities of the DetNet service sub-layer and the DetNet
forwarding sub-layer require careful design and control by the
controller plane in addition to the DetNet specific use of SRv6
encapsulation as specified by this document.
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This document specifies the DetNet data plane operation and the on-
wire encapsulation of DetNet flows over an SRv6-based Packet Switched
Network (PSN) using the service reference model.
2. Terminology
2.1. Terms Used in This Document
This document uses the terminology established in the DetNet
architecture [RFC8655] and in the SRv6 Network Programming [RFC8986].
The reader is assumed to be familiar with that document and its
terminology.
The following terminology is introduced in this document:
Flow-ID A DetNet "service" identifier that is used between
DetNet nodes that implement the DetNet service sub-
layer functions. A Flow-ID is used to identify a
DetNet flow at DetNet service sub-layer at a receiving
DetNet node.
SeqNum A SeqNum is used for sequencing information of a DetNet
flow at the DetNet service sub-layer.
2.2. Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this document:
ARG Arguments.
DetNet Deterministic Networking.
FUNCT Function.
LOC Locator.
PEF Packet Elimination Function.
POF Packet Ordering Function.
PREOF Packet Replication, Elimination and Ordering Functions.
PRF Packet Replication Function.
SeqNum Sequence Number.
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2.3. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
3. DetNet SRv6 Data Plane Overview
3.1. DetNet sub-layers with SRv6 Data Plane
A straight forward approach utilizing SRv6 for a DetNet service sub-
layer is based on the DetNet specific SID and by utilizing existing
SRv6 Traffic Engineering encapsulations and mechanisms using SRH
between the DetNet Relay nodes. Background on SRv6 Network
Programming can be found in [RFC8986].
DetNet SRv6
.
+------------+
| Service | DetNet specific SID (Flow-ID, SeqNum)
+------------+
| Forwarding | SRv6 tunnel (IPv6 header, SRH)
+------------+
.
Figure 1: DetNet Adaptation to SRv6 Data Plane
The DetNet SRv6 data plane representation is illustrated in Figure 1.
The service sub-layer includes a DetNet specific SID that contains
the Flow-ID and the SeqNum.
A node operating on a received DetNet flow at the Detnet service sub-
layer terminates the SRv6 tunnel, uses the local context associated
with a Flow-ID, to determine which local DetNet operation(s) are
applied to that packet. It is important to note that Flow-ID values
are driven by the receiver, not the sender.
The DetNet forwarding sub-layer is supported by the SRv6 tunnel
header (e.g., SRH, TC, Flowlabel). SRv6 Traffic Engineering
mechanisms can be utilized to provide a forwarding sub-layer that is
responsible for providing resource allocation and explicit routes.
3.2. DetNet SRv6 Data Plane Scenarios
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DetNet SRv6 Relay Transit Relay DetNet SRv6
End System Node Node Node End System
+----------+ +----------+
| Appl. |<------------ End to End Service ----------->| Appl. |
+----------+ +---------+ +---------+ +----------+
| Service |<--| Service |-- DetNet flow --| Service |-->| Service |
+----------+ +---------+ +----------+ +---------+ +----------+
|Forwarding| |Fwd| |Fwd| |Forwarding| |Fwd| |Fwd| |Forwarding|
+-------.--+ +-.-+ +-.-+ +----.---.-+ +-.-+ +-.-+ +---.------+
: Link : / ,-----. \ : Link : / ,-----. \
+........+ +-[ Sub ]-+ +......+ +-[ Sub ]-+
[Network] [Network]
`-----' `-----'
|<- SRv6 ->| |<-------- SRv6 ----------| |<-- SRv6 -->|
|<--------------- DetNet SRv6 domain ---------------->|
Figure 2: A DetNet SRv6 Network
Figure 2 illustrates a hypothetical DetNet SRv6 network composed of
DetNet aware SRv6 enabled end systems, operating over a DetNet aware
SRv6 network. In this figure, SRv6 tunnels are used between the
DetNet nodes implementing the service sub-layer.
DetNet end systems and relay nodes understand the particular needs of
DetNet flows and provide both DetNet service and forwarding sub-layer
functions. In the case of SRv6, DetNet service-aware nodes creates/
terminates the SRv6 tunnels and add/remove/process SeqNum and Flow-ID
as needed.
In a DetNet SRv6 network, transit nodes may be DetNet service aware
or may be DetNet unaware SRv6 Routers. In this latter case, such
Routers would be unaware of the special requirements of the DetNet
service sub-layer, but would still provide traffic engineering
functions and the QoS capabilities needed to ensure that the SRv6
tunnels meet the service requirements of the carried DetNet flows.
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Figure 3 illustrates how an end-to-end SRv6-based DetNet service is
provided in a more detail. In this figure, the customer end systems,
CE1 and CE2, are able to send and receive SRv6 encapsulated DetNet
flows, and R1, R2 and R3 are relay nodes in the middle of a DetNet
network. The SRv6 tunnels between the Relay nodes may include
transit nodes, which are not illustrated in the figure. The 'X' in
the end systems, and relay nodes represents potential DetNet compound
flow packet replication and elimination points. In this example,
service protection is supported by utilizing at least two DetNet
member flows and TE tunnels. For a unidirectional flow, R1 supports
PRF and R3 supports PEF and POF.
DetNet DetNet
DetNet Service Transit Transit Service DetNet
SRv6 | |<-Tnl->| |<-Tnl->| | SRv6
End | V 1 V V 2 V | End
System | +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ | System
+---+ | | R1 |=======| R2 |=======| R3 | | +---+
| X...DFa...|._X_....|..DF1..|.__ ___.|..DF3..|...._X_.|.DFa...X |
|CE1|========| \ | | X | | / |======|CE2|
| | | | \_.|..DF2..|._/ \__.|..DF4..|._/ | | | |
+---+ | |=======| |=======| | +---+
^ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ ^
| Relay Node Relay Node Relay Node |
| |
|<- SRv6 --> <----- SRv6 ----> <----- SRv6 -----> <- SRv6->|
| |
|<---------------- DetNet SRv6 domain -------------------->|
| |
|<--------------- End to End DetNet Service -------------->|
--------------------------- Data Flow ------------------------->
X = Optional service protection (none, PRF, PREOF, PEF/POF)
DFx = DetNet member flow x over a TE tunnel
Figure 3: SRv6 based DetNet Service
4. SRv6-Based DetNet Data Plane Solution
4.1. DetNet Over SRv6 Encapsulation Components
To carry DetNet over SRv6 the following is required:
1. A method of identifying the SRv6 payload type.
2. A method of identifying the DetNet flow(s) to the processing
element.
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3. A method of carrying the DetNet sequence number.
4. A suitable tunnel to deliver the packet to the egress node.
5. A method of carrying queuing and forwarding indication.
In this design the SRH refers to the payload type. The DetNet
specific SID contains the Flow-ID and the SeqNum information. To
simplify implementation and to maximize interoperability two sequence
number sizes are supported: a 16 bit sequence number and a 28 bit
sequence number.
The SRv6 tunnel used to forward the DetNet packet across the SRv6
network between the DetNet Relay nodes and to indicate (e.g., in SID,
TC, Flowlabel) the required queue processing as well as the
forwarding parameters.
4.2. SRv6 Data Plane Encapsulation
Figure 4 illustrates a DetNet data plane SRv6 encapsulation. The
SRv6-based encapsulation of the DetNet flows is well suited for the
scenarios described in [RFC8938].
The SRv6-based DetNet data plane encapsulation consists of:
* DetNet specifc SID containing flow identification and sequencing
information for packet replication, duplicate elimination and
ordering purposes.
* Zero or more SID(s) used to direct the packet along the SRv6
tunnel to the next DetNet service sub-layer processing node.
* The necessary data-link encapsulation is then applied prior to
transmission over the physical media.
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DetNet SRv6-based encapsulation example
+---------------------------------+
| |
| DetNet App-Flow |
| Payload Packet |
| |
+---------------------------------+ <--\
| SRH | |
| (SID(s) defining the path) | |
| (Last SID = DetNet specific SID | |
| with Flow-ID + SeqNum) | |
+---------------------------------+ +--> DetNet data plane
| IPv6 header (SRv6) | | SRv6 encapsulation
+---------------------------------+ <--/
| Data-Link |
+---------------------------------+
| Physical |
+---------------------------------+
Figure 4: Encapsulation of a DetNet App-Flow in an SRv6 PSN
4.2.1. DetNet specific SID
For PREOF processing, two arguments are needed:
1. Flow-ID: defines which DetNet flow the packet belongs to (what is
used to determine which PREOF instance has to be used on a node).
Its size is 20 bits for the DetNet MPLS data plane [RFC8986] and
same size is appropriate for DetNet SRv6 data plane as well.
2. SeqNum: defines the sequencing information, it is created at the
DetNet edge node (or by the first PRF node) and used by PEF/POF
functionalities. Same sizes as for the DetNet MPLS data plane
are defined for the SRV6 case: 0/16/28 bits [RFC8964].
The required size for these two arguments are maximum 48 bits. The
explicit format (size of the three parts) of a DetNet specific SID is
network addressing design specific. PREOF specific parameters are
encoded as follows:
* LOC: specifies the DetNet Relay node (same allocation rule applies
as for any SRv6-enabled node).
* FUNCT: a single value represents all PREOF instances of a DetNet
Relay node.
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* ARG: Contains the Flow-ID and the SeqNum parameters.
The Flow-ID and SeqNum start at the MSB of the ARG. Unused bits (if
any) MUST be set to zero (0).
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+- LOC (64 bits) -+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| FUNCT (16 bits) | Flow-ID (20 bits) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Flow-ID| SeqNum (16 bits) |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 5: DetNet-specific SID example - LOC(64)+FUNCT(16)+ARG(Flow-
ID(20)+SeqNum(16))
Note: if Function=PREOF, Argument=0 is also a meaningful value and
does not refer to the lack of arguments.
The DetNet-specific SID MUST be the last segment in an SR Policy, as
the SRv6 tunnels are used between the DetNet Relay nodes.
4.2.2. Flow-ID
A DetNet flow at the DetNet service sub-layer is identified by a
Flow-ID. SRv6-aware DetNet end systems and edge nodes, which are by
definition SRv6 ingress and egress nodes, MUST add and remove a
DetNet service-specific SID and the SRv6 tunnel information (SRH).
Relay nodes MAY swap Flow-ID values when processing a DetNet flow,
i.e., incoming and outgoing Flow-IDs of a DetNet flow can be
different.
Flow-ID values MUST be provisioned per DetNet service via
configuration, i.e., via the controller plane described in [RFC8938].
Note that Flow-IDs provide identification at the downstream DetNet
service sub-layer receiver, not the sender. As such, Flow-IDs MUST
be allocated by the entity that controls the service sub-layer
receiving node's Flow-ID space. Because Flow-IDs are local to each
node rather than being a global identifier within a domain, they MUST
be advertised to their upstream DetNet service-aware peer nodes
(i.e., a DetNet SRv6 End System or a DetNet Relay or Edge Node).
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When receiving a DetNet SRv6 packet, an implementation MUST identify
the DetNet service associated with the incoming packet based on the
Flow-ID.
4.2.3. SeqNum
The sequence number characteristics MUST comply with the requirements
specified in [RFC8964].
4.3. Service Sub-Layer Related Processing
DetNet SRv6 end systems, edge nodes and relay nodes may operate at
the DetNet service sub-layer with understanding of DetNet services
and their requirements. When operating at this layer such nodes can
push, pop or swap Flow-IDs. In all cases, the SRH SID(s) specify the
SRv6 tunnel used by the DetNet flow.
Note, when PRF is supported, the same app-flow data will be sent over
multiple outgoing DetNet member flows using forwarding sub-layer SRv6
tunnels. This means that implementation may be sending different
sets of SRH SID(s) per DetNet member flow, each with a proper Flow-ID
in the DetNet specific SID.
4.3.1. Packet Replication Function Processing
The Packet Replication Function (PRF) function MAY be supported by an
implementation for outgoing DetNet flows. The use of the PRF for a
particular DetNet service MUST be provisioned via configuration,
i.e., via the controller plane described in [RFC8938].
When replication is configured, the same app-flow data will be sent
over multiple outgoing DetNet member flows using forwarding sub-layer
SRv6 tunnels. An Flow-ID value MUST be configured per outgoing
member flow. The same SeqNum field value MUST be used on all
outgoing member flows for each replicated data packet.
4.3.2. Packet Elimination Function Processing
Implementations MAY support the Packet Elimination Function (PEF) for
received DetNet SRv6 flows. When supported, use of the PEF for a
particular DetNet service MUST be provisioned via configuration,
i.e., via the controller plane described in [RFC8938].
After a DetNet service is identified for a received DetNet SRv6
packet, if PEF is configured for that DetNet service, duplicate
(replicated) instances of a particular sequence number MUST be
discarded. The specific mechanisms used for an implementation to
identify which received packets are duplicates and which are new is
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an implementation choice. Note that per Section 4.2.3 the sequence
number field length may be 16 or 28 bits, and the field value can
wrap. PEF MUST NOT be used with DetNet flows configured with a
sequence number field length of 0 bits.
An implementation MAY constrain the maximum number of sequence
numbers that are tracked on either a platform-wide or per flow basis.
Some implementations MAY support the provisioning of the maximum
number of sequence numbers that are tracked on either a platform-wide
or per flow basis.
4.3.3. Packet Ordering Function Processing
A function that is related to in-order delivery is the Packet
Ordering Function (POF). Implementations MAY support POF. When
supported, use of the POF for a particular DetNet service MUST be
provisioned via configuration, i.e., via the controller plane
described by [RFC8938].
Implementations MAY require that PEF and POF be used in combination.
There is no requirement related to the order of execution of the
Packet Elimination and Ordering Functions in an implementation.
After a DetNet service is identified for a received DetNet SRv6
packet, if POF is configured for that DetNet service, packets MUST be
processed in the order indicated in the received SeqNum field, which
may not be in the order the packets are received. As defined in
Section 4.2.3 the sequence number field length may be 16 or 28 bits,
is incremented by one (1) for each new data packet sent for a
particular DetNet service, and the field value can wrap.
The specific mechanisms used for an implementation to identify the
order of received packets is an implementation choice. Some possible
implementations are described in [RFC9550]
4.4. Forwarding Sub-Layer Related Processing
The SRv6 tunnel is used to provide connectivity between DetNet
service sub-layer processing nodes.
The DetNet forwarding sub-layer provides explicit routes and
allocated resources, and the SRv6 tunnel specific header (e.g., SRH,
TC, Flowlabel) is used to map to each. Explicit routes are supported
based on the SRH.
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5. Security Considerations
DetNet PREOF related security considerations are described in section
3.3 of [RFC9055]. SRv6 Network Programming related security
considerations are described in section 9 of [RFC8986]. There are no
additional related security considerations originating from this
document.
6. IANA Considerations
This document makes no IANA requests.
7. Acknowledgements
Authors extend their appreciation to Janos Farkas, Istvan Moldovan
and Miklos Mate for their insightful comments and productive
discussion that helped to improve the document.
8. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8402] Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.
[RFC8655] Finn, N., Thubert, P., Varga, B., and J. Farkas,
"Deterministic Networking Architecture", RFC 8655,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8655, October 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8655>.
[RFC8938] Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., and S.
Bryant, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane
Framework", RFC 8938, DOI 10.17487/RFC8938, November 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8938>.
[RFC8964] Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., Bryant,
S., and J. Korhonen, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet)
Data Plane: MPLS", RFC 8964, DOI 10.17487/RFC8964, January
2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8964>.
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[RFC8986] Filsfils, C., Ed., Camarillo, P., Ed., Leddy, J., Voyer,
D., Matsushima, S., and Z. Li, "Segment Routing over IPv6
(SRv6) Network Programming", RFC 8986,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8986, February 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8986>.
[RFC9055] Grossman, E., Ed., Mizrahi, T., and A. Hacker,
"Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Security
Considerations", RFC 9055, DOI 10.17487/RFC9055, June
2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9055>.
[RFC9550] Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Kehrer, S., and T. Heer,
"Deterministic Networking (DetNet): Packet Ordering
Function", RFC 9550, DOI 10.17487/RFC9550, March 2024,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9550>.
Authors' Addresses
Balazs Varga (editor)
Ericsson
Budapest
Magyar Tudosok krt. 11.
1117
Hungary
Email: balazs.a.varga@ericsson.com
Ferenc Fejes
Ericsson
Budapest
Magyar Tudosok krt. 11.
1117
Hungary
Email: ferenc.fejes@ericsson.com
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