Instantiation of IETF Network Slice Services in Service Providers Networks
draft-barguil-teas-network-slices-instantation-07
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| Authors | Samier Barguil , Luis M. Contreras , Victor Lopez , Reza Rokui , Oscar Gonzalez de Dios , Daniel King , Mohamed Boucadair | ||
| Last updated | 2023-07-10 (Latest revision 2023-03-13) | ||
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draft-barguil-teas-network-slices-instantation-07
Network Working Group S. Barguil, Ed.
Internet-Draft Nokia
Intended status: Informational L.M. Contreras, Ed.
Expires: 11 January 2024 Telefonica
V. Lopez
Nokia
R. Rokui
Ciena
O. Gonzalez de Dios
Telefonica
D. King
Old Dog Consulting
M. Boucadair
Orange
10 July 2023
Instantiation of IETF Network Slice Services in Service Providers
Networks
draft-barguil-teas-network-slices-instantation-07
Abstract
This document exemplifies how the various data modules that are
produced in the IETF can be combined in the context of IETF Network
Slice Services delivery.
Specifically, this document describes the relationship between the
IETF Network Slice Service models for requesting IETF Network Slice
Services and both Service (e.g., the Layer-3 Service Model, the
Layer-2 Service Model) and Network (e.g., the Layer-3 Network Model,
the Layer-2 Network Model) models used during their realizations. In
addition, this document describes the communication between an IETF
Network Slice Controller (NSC) and the network controllers for the
realization of IETF Network Slices.
The IETF Network Slice Service YANG model provides a customer-
oriented view of the intended Network slice Service. Thus, once an
NSC receives a request for a Slice Service request, the NSC has to
map it to accomplish the specific objectives expected by the network
controllers. Existing YANG network models are analyzed against the
IETF Network Slice requirements, and the gaps in existing models are
identified.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 11 January 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
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provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. A Reference Architecture and Main Components . . . . . . . . 4
3. IETF Network Slice Requirements and Data Models . . . . . . . 8
4. Operational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1. Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2. Downlink throughput / Uplink throughput . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3. Protection scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4. Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.5. Packet loss rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5. Relationship Between IETF Network Slice Service YANG Model
Parameters and those in Lx Service and Network models . . 11
5.1. Relationship Between IETF Network Slice Service Model
Parameters and L3SM and L2SM Parameters . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2. Relationship Between IETF Network Slice Service Model
Parameters and the L3NM and L2NM Parameters . . . . . . . 15
6. IETF Network Slice Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.1. IETF Network Slice Provisioning Workflow . . . . . . . . 17
6.2. LxVPN Network Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.3. Traffic Engineering Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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6.4. Traffic Engineering Service Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7. Potential Models Usage in Alternative IETF NSC
Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.1. IETF Network Slice Service Requested to Hierarchical
Network Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.2. IETF Network Slice Service Requested to Network Slice
Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.3. Network Slice Controller as part of the Domain
Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
10. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
12. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1. Introduction
The IETF has produced several YANG data models that are instrumental
for automating the provisioning and delivery of connectivity
services. An overview of these data models and a framework that
describes how these various modules can be glued together are
described in [RFC8969].
This document adopts the rationale of [RFC8969], but with a focus on
the Network Slice Service [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices].
For example, the IETF Network Slice Service YANG service model
provides a customer-oriented view of the Network Slice Service. Once
an IETF Network Slice controller (NSC) receives a Slice Service
request, it needs to map it the underlying network capabilities to
accomplish the intended service as expected by the network
controller.
Several service models and network models, including the Layer-3
Service Model (L3SM) [RFC8049], the Layer-2 Service Model (L2SM)
[RFC8466], and network models (e.g., the Layer-3 Network Model (L3NM)
[RFC9182], the Layer-2 Network Model (L2NM) [RFC9291])) which may be
utilized for the realizating of IETF Network Slice Services, are
analyzed whether they can satisfy the IETF Network Slice
requirements.
The document also identifies some gaps on existing models.
This document describes an architecture and a communication process
between an NSC and other network controllers for IETF Network Slice
Service management (creation, modification, etc.).
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1.1. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
This document assumes that the reader is familiar with the contents
of [RFC6241], [RFC7950], [RFC8309], and
[I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices] as it uses terms from those RFCs.
This document uses the term "network model" as defined in Section 2.1
of [RFC8969].
2. A Reference Architecture and Main Components
As described in [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices], the IETF Network
Slice Controller (NSC) is a functional entity for the control and
management of IETF Network Slices Services. As shown in {{fig1}}, an
NSC exposes set of APIs for higher level systems to request an IETF
Network Slice Service. These APIs can be used to manage other
connecitivity services, such as managing the underlying delivery
setup that that is required for the delivery of an IETF Network Slice
Service. Such setup can be managed prior or during the process of an
Network Service Slice. Concretely, the setup can be the management
of bearers and attachement circuits that connect Service Demarcation
Points (SDPs) to customer premises.
The NSC cutsomer-facing interface is invoked by a customer for
managing an IETF Network Slice Service (i.e., creation, modification,
or deletion). Upon receiving a request via a customer-facing
interface, an NSC assesses whether it can satisify the request and
then identifies the resources that are needed for realization of the
IETF Network Slice Service. The network-facing interface is used to
interact with one or more Network Controllers for the realization of
the requested IETF Network Slice Service.
An NSC exposes a set of IETF service data models: mainly, the IETF
Network Slice Service Interface
[I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang] or the Attachment
Circuit-as-a-Service Interface
[I-D.boro-opsawg-teas-attachment-circuit].
Network Controllers exposes to NSCs a set of network data models,
such as the L3NM, the L2NM, or the Service Attachment Points (SAPs)
[RFC9408]. Typically, by setting the service type to "network-
slice", an NSC can retrieve via the the SAPs where Slice Services can
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be delivered to customers. Likewise, SAPs can also be used to
retrieve where such services are delivered to customers through the
network configuration described in the L3NM [RFC9182] or the L2NM
[RFC9291]. These checks can be used as part of request feasibility
checks.
This document focuses on how an NSC can be implemented in an
operator's network.
+------------------------------------------+
| A higher level system |
| (e.g., E2E network slice orchestrator) |
+------------------------------------------+
A
| NSC Customer-facing APIs
V Customer Service Models
+------------------------------------------+
| IETF Network Slice Controller (NSC) |
+------------------------------------------+
A
| NSC Network-facing APIs
V Network Models
+------------------------------------------+
| Network Controller(s) |
+------------------------------------------+
Figure 1: Network Slice Controllers as a Module of a Hierarchical SDN
Controller.
Several architectural definitions have arisen on the IETF to support
SDN and network slicing deployments. The architecture defined in
[I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices] includes a three-level hierarchy.
depicts a possible architecture using similar concepts. It starts
from a consumer or high-level operational systems. Then, the NSC
function migth be part of a hierarchical network controller (e.g., as
the MDSC in the ACTN context [RFC8453]) as a modular function. At
the bottom, two network controllers, each one can handle multiple or
single underlay technologies.
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+------------------------------+
| High-level operation system. |
+--------------+---------------+
|IETF Network Slice Service Request
|
+-------------------v------------------+
| |
| Hierarchical Network |
| Controller/Orchestrator |
| |
| +-------------------------------+ |
| | IETF Network Slice Controller | |
| +-------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------+------------------+
|
|
+--------------+---------------+
| |
v v
+-------------+----------+ +-------------+----------+
| Network Controller | | Network Controller |
+-------------+----------+ +-------------+----------+
| |
| |
v v
Network Elements Network Elements
Figure 2: IETF Network Slice Controller as a Module of a Hierarchical
SDN Controller.
In other implementations, an NSC can be a standalone component that
directly interact with a network controller, as depicted in {{fig3}}.
In this scenario, a service request follows a "data-enrichment" path,
where each entity adds more information to the service request.
This document describes how existing service models and network
models interact to deliver a Network Slice Service in a service
provider environment.
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+-------------------------------+
| High-level operation system |
+-------------+-----------------+
|IETF Network Slice Request
|
+-------------v-----------------+
| IETF Network Slice Controller |
+-------------+-----------------+
|
|
+-------------v-----------------+
| Network Controller |
+-------------+-----------------+
|
|
v
Network Elements
Figure 3: IETF Network Slice Controller as a Standalone Component
Alternatively, a NSC can be integrated with a network controller and
directly realizes the Network Slice Services using device data models
to configure the network devices. A sample architecture is depicted
in {{fig4}}.
+-------------------------------+
| High-level operation system |
+-------------+-----------------+
|IETF Network Slice Request
|
+-------------v----------------+
| Network Controller |
| |
|+----------------------------+|
|| Network Slice Controller ||
|+----------------------------+|
| |
+-------------+----------------+
|
|
v
Network Elements
Figure 4: IETF Network Slice Controller as a Module of a Network
Controller.
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3. IETF Network Slice Requirements and Data Models
The main requirements for an IETF Network Slice Service, based on the
high-level slice requirements from multiple organizations and use
cases are compiled in [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-use-cases].
To accomplish those requirements, a set of YANG data models have been
proposed:
* [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang]: A YANG data model for
IETF Network Slice Service.
* [RFC9181] specifies a set of reusable types and groupings to
manage VPN services; VPN is used to realize slices.
* [I-D.boro-opsawg-teas-common-ac] specifies a set of reusable types
and groupings to manage Attachment Circuits (ACs).
* [I-D.boro-opsawg-teas-attachment-circuit] specifies YANG data
models for managing 'Attachment Circuits'-as-a-Service (ACaaS) and
also bearers. These ACs and bearers are used to identify where to
deliver a Network Slice Service.
* [RFC9408] defines a YANG data model for representing an abstract
view of the provider network topology that contains the points
from which its services can be attached (e.g., network slices). A
SAP network topology can be used for one or multiple service types
('service-type'). Setting this data node to 'network-slice'
allows a controller to expose where IETF Network Slices services
are being delivered. It can also be used to check where IETF
Network Slice services can be delivered.
* [I-D.boro-opsawg-ntw-attachment-circuit] augments the SAP model
with more details for managing ACs at the network level.
* [I-D.dhody-teas-ietf-network-slice-mapping] specifies an IETF
Network Slice Service mapping YANG model.
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+---------------+
| Customer |
+-------+-------+
Customer Service Model |
e.g., slice-svc, ac-svc,| and bearer-svc
+-------+-------+
| Service |
| Orchestration |
+-------+-------+
Network Model |
e.g., l2vpn-ntw, l3vpn-ntw, sap, and | ac-ntw
+-------+-------+
| Network |
| Orchestration |
+-------+-------+
Network Configuration Model |
+-----------+-----------+
| |
+--------+------+ +--------+------+
| Domain | | Domain |
| Orchestration | | Orchestration |
+---+-----------+ +--------+------+
Device | | |
Configuration | | |
Model | | |
+----+----+ | |
| Config | | |
| Manager | | |
+----+----+ | |
| | |
| NETCONF/CLI..................
| | |
+--------------------------------+
+----+ Bearer | | Bearer +----+
|CE#1+--------+ Network +--------+CE#2|
+----+ AC | | AC +----+
+--------------------------------+
Site A Site B
Figure 5: Overview of Data Models used for Network Slicing
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4. Operational Considerations
This section outlines the compliance and operational aspects of
Network Controller models with IETF Network slice requirements.
Section presented the requirements of the IETF Network slice. In
this subsection it is analyzed how available YANG models that can be
used by a Network Controller can satisfy those requirements and
identify gaps.
4.1. Availability
As per [I-D.ietf-teas-te-service-mapping-yang], Availability is a
probabilistic measure of the length of time that a VPN/VN instance
functions without a network failure. As per RFC 8330, The parameter
"availability", as described in [G.827], [F.1703], and [P.530], is
often used to describe the link capacity. The availability is a time
scale, representing a proportion of the operating time that the
requested bandwidth is ensured".
The calculation of the availability is not trivial and would need to
be clearly scoped to avoid misunderstandings.
The set of Yang models proposed today allow to request tunnels/paths
with different resiliency requirements in terms of protection and
restoration. However, none of them include the possibility of
requesting a specific availability (e.g. 99.9999%).
4.2. Downlink throughput / Uplink throughput
The LxVPN Models ([RFC9182] and [RFC9291]) allow to specify the
bandwdidth at the interface level between the slice and the customer.
In addition, the Service Mapping model
[I-D.ietf-teas-te-service-mapping-yang] allows to bind a VPN to a
given LSP, which have its bandwidth requirements. Additionally, TE
models can force a give bandwidth in the connection between Provider
Edges.
Previous comment applies to the incoming and outgoing bandwidth
parameters required for the NFV-based services use case in
[I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-use-cases]. The Network sharing
use case has Maximum and Guaranteed Bit Rate parameters. These
parameters can be mapped to the TE tunnel models when setting up LSPs
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te].
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4.3. Protection scheme
Protection schemes are mechanisms to define how to setup resources
for a given connection. TE tunnel models [I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te]
includes protection and restoration as two main attributes. The
parameters included in the containers for protection and restoration
cover the requirements of the IETF NS related with protection
schemes. Similarly, TE models cover the parameter 'recovery time'
for the network sharing use case.
4.4. Delay
Delay is a critical parameter for several IETF NS types. Every use-
case defined in [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-use-cases] contains
delay constraints. 5G use cases require 'delay tolerance', NFV-based
services have the delay information within 'QoS metrics' and 'Bounded
latency' in the network sharing use case.
During the realization of the IETF Network Slice, these parameters
are part of the requirements of a TE tunnel configuration
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te]. They can be included within the 'path-
metric-bounds' parameter, so the created LSP fulfils the given
metrics bounds like 'path-metric-delay-average' or 'path-metric-
delay-minimum'.
4.5. Packet loss rate
The packet loss rate indicates the maximum rate for lost packets that
the service tolerates in the link. During the realization of the
IETF Network Slice, this attribute will influence the tunnel
selection and the value is included in the [I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te]
document as the 'path-metric-loss". The 'path-metric-loss' is a
metric type, which measures the percentage of packet loss of all
links traversed by a P2P path. This parameter is required for 5G
services and network sharing use-case, while it is part of the 'QoS
metrics' for the NFV-based services.
5. Relationship Between IETF Network Slice Service YANG Model
Parameters and those in Lx Service and Network models
5.1. Relationship Between IETF Network Slice Service Model Parameters
and L3SM and L2SM Parameters
This section presents an initial analysis of the relationship between
IETF NBI model parameters and L3SM and L2SM service model parameters.
The L3SM service parameters are defined in section 6.2 of [RFC8299].
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The following parameters are considered, so far:
* Bandwidth. This parameter indicates the bandwidth requirement
between each CE and PE participating in the service, then
referrign essentially to the required WAN link bandwidth. It is
expressed in terms of bits per second and individually specified
for both input and output. Despite it is not stated in RFC 8299,
this parameter can be interpreted as the CIR/PIR expected for the
CE - PE connection.
* MTU. This parameter indicates the maximum PDU size expected for
the layer-3 service. It is relevant since packets could be
discarded in case the customer sends packets with longer MTU than
the one expressed by this parameter.
* QoS. Regarding QoS, two different kind of parameters are
detailed.
- QoS classification policy. This policy is used to classify the
traffic received from the customer, and it is expressed as a
set of ordered rules. It is used for marking the input traffic
(from CE to PE) when the customer flows match any of the rules
in the list, setting the appropriate target class of service
(target-class-id).
- QoS profile. This profile defines the traffic-scheduling to be
applied to the flows for either Site-to-WAN, WAN-to-Site, or
both directions. It contains the following information per
class of service: rate-limit, latency, jitter and guaranteed
bandwidth.
* Multicast. This parameter identifies if the service is multicast,
and if so, what is the role of the site in the customer multicast
service topology (i.e., source, receiver, or both). It also
defines the kind of multicast relationship with the customer
(i.e., as a router requiring PIM, host requiring either IGMP or
MLD, or both), as well as the support of IPv4, IPv6 or both.
Similarly L2SM model parameters are described in section 5.9 and 5.10
of [RFC8466].
* Bandwidth. This parameter is related to the bandwidth between
both CE and PE and can be expressed as CIR/EIR/PIR, in the ingress
or egress direction, taking the CE as the point of reference.
* MTU. This parameter refers to the maximum layer-2 PDU frame size.
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* QoS. The specification of the QoS follows a similar structure to
the one described in the case of L3SM. Some differences apply,
for instance, at the time of QoS classification, which is
performed on top of layer-2 parameters (e.g., MAC addresses).
* BUM traffic. This parameter allows to determine if a site acts as
source, receiver, or both.
* Availability. This parameter in the L2SM model relates to the
capability of supporting multi-homing.
On the other hand, the IETF NS NBI YANG model supports a number of
SLOs and SLEs in the form of network slice service policy attributes.
Such policy can apply to per-network slice, per-connection group or
per-connection indivudually (over-writting of attributes is allowed
as more granular information is provided). The following SLO
attributes are detailed:
* One-way / Two-way bandwidth, indicating the guaranteed minimum
bandwidth between any two NSEs (unidirectional / bidirectional).
* One-way / Two-way latency, indicating the guaranteed minimum
latency between any two NSEs (unidirectional / bidirectional).
* One-way / Two-way delay variation, indicating the maximum
permissible delay variation of the slice (unidirectional /
bidirectional).
* One-way / Two-way packet loss, indicating the maximum permissible
packet loss rate between endpoints (unidirectional /
bidirectional).
Additionally, the following SLEs are defined:
* MTU, referring to the the maximum PDU size that the customer may
use.
* Security, indicating if encryption or other security measures are
required between two endpoints.
* Isolation, as a way of indicating the isolation level expected by
the customer in the allocation of network resources.
* Maximum occupancy level, to express the amount of flows to be
admitted (and optionally a maximum number of countable resource
units such as IP or MAC addresses).
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Thus, an initial mapping between L3SM, L2SM and IETF NS NBI model can
be performed as indicated in the follwoing table.
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| L3SM (RFC 8299) | L2SM (RFC 8466) | IETF NSC NBI YANG model |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| Bandwidth | Bandwidth (CIR, PIR) | Sum of bandwidth SLO per NSE |
| | | counting all connections |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| MTU (layer 3 service) | MTU (layer 2 service) | MTU attribute in SLE |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| QoS | QoS | QoS |
| ......................| ......................|................................|
| - QoS classification | - QoS classification | Defined in the model as |
| policy | policy | network-access-qos-policy-name |
| | | to be applied per access-point |
| ......................| ......................|................................|
| - QoS profile | - QoS profile | |
| - rate-limit | - rate-limit | Defined in the model as |
| | | incoming/outgong rate-limits |
| | | per end-point (or access-point)|
| - latency | - latency | One-way / Two-way latency SLO |
| - jitter | - jitter | One-way / Two-way delay |
| | | variation SLO |
| - bandwidth | - bandwidth | One-way / Two-way bandwidth SLO|
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| Multicast | Broadcast, Unknown, | The need of replication can be |
| | Unicast and Multicast | inferred from |
| | (BUM) | ns-connectivity-type. Further |
| | | details are not available (e.g.|
| | | source or receiver role) |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| | Availability as dual | Availability as the ratio of |
| | homing | up-time to |
| | | total_time(up-time+down-time) |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
{: #Table1 title='Mapping of IETF NS NBI and LxSM Service Attribute'
artwork-align="center"}
The following consideration can be made:
* While the QoS profile in the L3SM and the L2SM applies per service
class, the parameters in the IETF Network Slcie Service Interface
apply per connection. So if per- class granularity is required in
an IETF network slice, then different connections have to be
defined between the same end- points, one per service class.
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* A number of attributes are not defined in the L3SM nor the L2SM,
such as packet loss, isolation, or security. Then, the L3SM and
L2SM could not be sufficient to realize IETF Network Slice
Services with such specific needs, unless those other objectives
and expectations are provided by other means (e.g., realizing the
L3SM thorugh technologies guaranteing dedicated resource
allocation such as OTN).
5.2. Relationship Between IETF Network Slice Service Model Parameters
and the L3NM and L2NM Parameters
This section presents an initial analysis of the relationship between
IETF Network Slice Service model parameters and the L3NM and the L2NM
parameters.
The L3NM service parameters are defined in Section 7.6.6 of
[RFC9182].
As made in the previous section, some basic parameters are
considered:
* Bandwidth: The L3NM defines bandwidth in terms of the 'pe-to-ce-
bandwidth' & 'ce-to-pe-bandwidth'. Both values are defined in
absolute value in bps per interface. The model supports the usage
of QoS policies to include inbound and outbound Rate limits.
* MTU: The L3NM only supports the definition at the 'vpn-network-
access' level.
* QoS: The quality of service is differentiated in three-levels:
- QoS Profile: Allows the reference of an existing profile. The
profile creation is out-scope of the model.
- QoS Classification: Customize policy creation rules, including
quote name and upper and lower limits.
- QoS Action: Allows the filtering of incoming and outcoming rate
limits.
* Multicast: mVPN is supported at vpn-node and vpn-network-access;
Each level includes Rendezvous Point (RP), IGMP, PIM, and MLD
definitions.
Similarly the L2NM parameters are described in Section 7.6.6 of
[RFC9291]:
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* Bandwidth: The L2NM considers the same parameters 'pe-to-ce-
bandwidth' & 'ce-to-pe-bandwidth'. However, per definition, the
L2NM supports the differentiation of CIR, PIR values. It includes
the same set of values described for the L2SM.
* MTU: The L2NM differentiates among Service MTU and interface MTU.
The MTU mismatch configuration is also supported as part of the
'vpn-service' configuration.
* QoS: The quality of service is differentiated in two-levels:
- QoS Profile: Reference an existing profile. Creation is out-
scope of the model.
- QoS Classification: Customize policy creation rules, including
quote name and limits.
* Multicast: Discard options are available for unknown Broadcast,
Unicast or Multicast (BUM).
Thus, an initial mapping between the L3NM, L2NM, and IETF Network
Slice Service model can be performed as indicated in the follwoing
table:
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+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| L3NM (RFC 9182) | L2NM (RFC 9291) | IETF NSC NBI YANG model |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| Bandwidth between CE | Bandwidth between CE | Sum of bandwidth SLO per NSE |
| and PE. | and PE. Different | counting all connections |
| | types: per CoS, per | |
| | VPN network access, | |
| | per site, etc. | |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| MTU (layer 3 service) | MTU (layer 2 service | MTU attribute in SLE |
| | and link MTU) | |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| QoS | QoS | QoS |
| ......................| ......................|................................|
| - QoS classification | - QoS classification | Defined in the model as |
| policy (based on | policy (based on | network-access-qos-policy-name |
| layer 3 and 4 info)| layer 2 info) | to be applied per access-point |
| ......................| ......................|................................|
| - QoS profile (not | - QoS profile (not | Defined in the model as |
| defined) | defined) | incoming/outgong rate-limits |
| | | per end-point (or access-point)|
| | | One-way / Two-way latency SLO |
| | | One-way / Two-way delay |
| | | variation SLO |
| | | One-way / Two-way bandwidth SLO|
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| Multicast | Broadcast, Unknown, | The need of replication can be |
| | Unicast and Multicast | inferred from |
| | (BUM) | ns-connectivity-type. Further |
| | | details are not available (e.g.|
| | | source or receiver role) |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| | | Availability as the ratio of |
| N/A | N/A | up-time to |
| | | total_time(up-time+down-time) |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
{: #Table2 title='Mapping of IETF NS NBI and LxNM service attribute'
artwork-align="center"}
6. IETF Network Slice Procedure
6.1. IETF Network Slice Provisioning Workflow
An IETF Network Slice may use several underlying technologies. A new
IETF Network Slice may be initiated following these steps:
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1. A higher level system requests services with specific
characteristics via the customer-facing APIs
2. This request is processed by an NSC which specifies a mapping
between northbound request to any IETF services, tunnels, and
paths models.
3. A series of requests for creation of services, tunnels and paths
will be sent to the network to realize the transport slice.
Variations of this flow can be considered: * The customer requests
bearers and attachment circuits, independent of any service that will
be delivered over them. * The customer place a service-specific
request with references to ACes. * The curstomer may update the
bearers/AC/service delivery points during the lifetime of a service.
As a functional entity responsible for managing a network domain, a
network controller can expose a set of YANG models to an NSC. An NSC
can invokes these models during the realization of a IETF Network
Slice Service. The following network models can be used for
realization of IETF Network slices:
* LxVPN network models:
- These models describe a VPN service from the network point of
view. It supports the creation of Layer 3 and Layer 2 services
using several control planes.
* Traffic Engineering models:
- These models allow to manipulate Traffic Engineering tunnels
within the network segment. Technology-specific extensions
allow to work with a desired technology (e.g. MPLS RSVP-TE
tunnels, Segment Routing paths, OTN tunnels, etc.)
* TE Service Mapping extensions:
- These extensions allow to specify for LxVPN the details of an
underlay based on TE.
* ACLs and routing policies models:
- Even though ACLs and routing policies are device models, its
exposure in the NBI of a domain controller allows to provide an
additional granularity that the network domain controller is
not able to infer on its own.
6.2. LxVPN Network Models
The framework defined in [RFC8969] compiles a set of YANG data models
for automating network services. The data models can be used during
the service and network management life cycle (e.g., service
instantiation, service provisioning, service optimization, service
monitoring, service diagnosing, and service assurance). The so
called Network models could be reused for the realization of Network
slice requests.
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The following models are examples of Network models that describe
services.
* [RFC9182]: A Layer 3 VPN Network YANG Model
* [RFC9291]: A Layer 2 VPN Network YANG Model
6.3. Traffic Engineering Models
TEAS has defined a collection of models to allow the management of
Traffic Engineering tunnels.
* [I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te]: A YANG Data Model for Traffic Engineering
Tunnels, Label Switched Paths and Interfaces. The model allows to
instantiate paths in a TE enabled network. Note that technology
augmented models are require to particular per-technology
instantiations.
6.4. Traffic Engineering Service Mapping
The IETF has defined a YANG model to set up the procedure to map VPN
service/network models to the TE models. This model, known as
service mapping, allows the network controller to assign/retrieve
transport resources allocated to specific services. At the moment
there is just one service mapping model
[I-D.ietf-teas-te-service-mapping-yang]. The "Traffic Engineering
(TE) and Service Mapping Yang Model" augments the VPN service and
network models.
7. Potential Models Usage in Alternative IETF NSC Architectures
This section does not intend to be prescriptive but descriptive about
the potential usage of existing and proposed models for the provision
of an IETF Network Slice service.
[I-D.contreras-teas-slice-controller-models] shows a potential
internal structure of an IETF Network Slice Controller which can be
divided into two components:
* IETF Network Slice Mapper: this high-level component processes the
customer request, putting it into the context of the overall IETF
Network Slices in the network.
* IETF Network Slice Realizer: this high-level component processes
the complete view of transport slices including the one requested
by the customer, decides the proper technologies for realizing the
IETF Network Slice and triggers its realization.
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Note that this division in functional components of an IETF NSC is
provided as an implementation option, not constraining any other
implementation of functional structure.
Higher Level System
|
| NSC NBI
+-------------------------+
| NSC | |
| v |
| +-----------------+ |
| | | |
| | NS Mapper | |
| | | |
| +-----------------+ |
| | |
| v |
| +-----------------+ |
| | | |
| | NS Realizer | |
| | | |
| +-----------------+ |
| | |
+-------------------------+
| NSC SBI
v
Network Controllers
Figure 8: IETF Network Slice Controller Structure
The details of IETF network slice mapper and realize are provided
below for various implementation of NCS.
7.1. IETF Network Slice Service Requested to Hierarchical Network
Controller
Referring to Figure 1 in an integrated architecture, an NCS is part
of a Hierarchical SDN controller module, the NSC's and the
Hierarchical Network Controller should share the same internal data
and the same NBI. Thus, the H-SDN module must be able to:
* Map: The NSC should process the customer request received through
[I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang]. The mapping process
takes the network-slice SLOs selected by the customer selecting
available Routing Policies and Forwarding policies for
accomplishing those SLOs.
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* Realize: Create necessary network requests. The slice's
realization can be translated into one or several LXNM Network
requests, depending on the number of underlay controllers. Thus,
the NSC must have a complete view of the network to map the orders
and distribute them across domains. The realization should
include the expansion/selection of Forwarding Policies, Routing
Policies, VPN policies, and Underlay transport preference.
To maintain the data coherence between the control layers, the IETF
Network Slice ID ns-id used of the [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-
nbi-yang] must be directly mapped to the transport-instance-id at the
VPN-Node level.
+
|
| IETF Network Slice Request:
draft-ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang
| * network-slice-id
|
+-------------------v------------------+
| |
| Hierarchical Network |
| Controller/Orchestrator |
| |
| +-------------------------------+ |
| | IETF Network Slice Controller | |
| +-------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------+------------------+
IETF Network Slice Realizer: LXNM
VPN-id |
* transport-instance-id |
|
+--------------+---------------+
| |
v v
+-------------+----------+ +-------------+----------+
| Network Controller | | Network Controller |
+-------------+----------+ +-------------+----------+
| |
| |
v v
Network Elements Network Elements
Figure 9 Workflow for the Slice Request in an Integrated
Architecture.
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7.2. IETF Network Slice Service Requested to Network Slice Controller
Referring to Figure 2 when the Network Slice Controller is a stand-
alone controller module, the NSC's should perform the same two tasks
described in section 6.1:
* Map: Process the customer request. The customer request can be
sent using [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang]. The
customer can also perform the network slice request using
customized topologies.
* Realize: Create necessary network requests. The slice's
realization will be translated into one LXNM Network request. As
the NCS has a topological view of the network, the realization can
include the customer's traffic engineering transport preferences
and policies.
+
|IETF Network Slice Request
draft-ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang
* network-id
|
+-------------v-----------------+
| IETF Network Slice Controller |
+-------------+-----------------+
|
IETF Network Slice Realizer: LxNM
VPN-id |
* Underlay-transport
* transport-instance-id
|
+-------------v----------------+
| Network Controller |
+-------------+----------------+
|
|
v
Network Elements
Figure 10 Workflow for the slice request in an stand-alone
architecture.
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7.3. Network Slice Controller as part of the Domain Controller
The Network Slice Controller can be a module of the network
controller. In that case, two options are available. One is to
share the same device data model in the customer-facing and network-
facing interfaces of the network controller. The direct translation
would reduce the service logic implemented at the network controller
level, grouping the mapping and translation into a single task:
* Realize: As the device models are part of the network controller's
customer-facing interface thus, the realization can be done by the
network controller applying a simple service logic to send the
Network elements.
+
| Slice Request based on
| Device Models
|
|
+------------------v------------------+
| |
| Network |
| Controller |
| |
| +------------------------------+ |
| | Network Slice Controller | |
| +------------------------------+ |
| |
+------------------+------------------+
| Device Models
|
v
Network Elements
Figure 11 Workflow for the slice request in an stand-alone
architecture.
A second option introduces a more complex logic in the network
controller and creates an abstraction layer to process the transport
slices. In that case, the controller should receive network slices
creation requests and maintain the whole set of implemented slices:
* Map & Realize: The mapping and realization can be done by the
Domain controller applying the service logic to create policies
directly on the Network elements.
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+
|Slice Request
draft-ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang
* network-id
|
|
+------------------v------------------+
| |
| Network |
| Controller |
| |
| +------------------------------+ |
| | Network Slice Controller | |
| +------------------------------+ |
| |
+------------------+------------------+
|
|
v
Network Elements
Figure 12 Workflow for the slice request in an stand-alone
architecture.
8. Security Considerations
There are two main aspects to consider. On the one hand, the IETF
Network Slice has a set of security related requirements, such as
hard isolation of the slice, or encryption of the communications
through the slice. All those requirements need to be analyzed in
detailed and clearly mapped to the Network Controller and device
interfaces.
On the other hand, the communication between the IETF network slicer
and the network controller (or controllers or hierarchy of
controllers) need to follow the same security considerations as with
the network models.
The network YANG modules defines schemas for data that is designed to
be accessed via network management protocols such as NETCONF
[RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040].
The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer, and the
mandatory-to-implement secure transport is Secure Shell (SSH)
[RFC6242].
The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-implement
secure transport is TLS [RFC8466].
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The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341]
provides the means to restrict access for particular NETCONF or
RESTCONF users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or
RESTCONF protocol operations and content.
The following summarizes the foreseen risks of using the Network
Models to instantiate IETF network Slices:
* Malicious clients attempting to delete or modify VPN services that
implements an IETF network slice. The malicious client could
manipulate security related aspects of the network configuration
that impact the requirements of the slice, failing to satisfy the
customer requirement.
* Unauthorized clients attempting to create/modify/delete a VPN hat
implements an IETF network slice service.
* Unauthorized clients attempting to read VPN services related
information hat implements an IETF network slice
* Malicious clients attempting to leak traffic of the slice.
9. IANA Considerations
This document is informational and does not require IANA allocations.
10. Conclusions
A wide variety of yang models are currently under definition in IETF
that can be used by Network Controllers to instantiate IETF network
slices. Some of the IETF slice requirements can be satisfied by
multiple means, as there are multiple choices available. However,
other requirements are still not covered by the existing models. A
more detailed definition of those uncovered requirements would be
needed. Finally a consensus on the set of models to be exposed by
Network Controllers would facilitate the deployment of IETF network
slices.
11. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-use-cases]
Contreras, L. M., Homma, S., Ordonez-Lucena, J. A.,
Tantsura, J., and H. Nishihara, "IETF Network Slice Use
Cases and Attributes for the Slice Service Interface of
IETF Network Slice Controllers", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-use-
cases-01, 24 October 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-teas-
ietf-network-slice-use-cases-01>.
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[I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices]
Farrel, A., Drake, J., Rokui, R., Homma, S., Makhijani,
K., Contreras, L. M., and J. Tantsura, "A Framework for
IETF Network Slices", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices-21, 15 June 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-teas-
ietf-network-slices-21>.
[I-D.ietf-teas-te-service-mapping-yang]
Lee, Y., Dhody, D., Fioccola, G., Wu, Q., Ceccarelli, D.,
and J. Tantsura, "Traffic Engineering (TE) and Service
Mapping YANG Data Model", Work in Progress, Internet-
Draft, draft-ietf-teas-te-service-mapping-yang-13, 11
March 2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-
ietf-teas-te-service-mapping-yang-13>.
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te]
Saad, T., Gandhi, R., Liu, X., Beeram, V. P., Bryskin, I.,
and O. G. de Dios, "A YANG Data Model for Traffic
Engineering Tunnels, Label Switched Paths and Interfaces",
Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-teas-yang-te-
33, 4 July 2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-ietf-teas-yang-te-33>.
[RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
(NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.
[RFC6242] Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.
[RFC7950] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.
[RFC8040] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.
[RFC8341] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8341>.
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[RFC8466] Wen, B., Fioccola, G., Ed., Xie, C., and L. Jalil, "A YANG
Data Model for Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN)
Service Delivery", RFC 8466, DOI 10.17487/RFC8466, October
2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8466>.
[RFC8969] Wu, Q., Ed., Boucadair, M., Ed., Lopez, D., Xie, C., and
L. Geng, "A Framework for Automating Service and Network
Management with YANG", RFC 8969, DOI 10.17487/RFC8969,
January 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8969>.
[RFC9182] Barguil, S., Gonzalez de Dios, O., Ed., Boucadair, M.,
Ed., Munoz, L., and A. Aguado, "A YANG Network Data Model
for Layer 3 VPNs", RFC 9182, DOI 10.17487/RFC9182,
February 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9182>.
[RFC9291] Boucadair, M., Ed., Gonzalez de Dios, O., Ed., Barguil,
S., and L. Munoz, "A YANG Network Data Model for Layer 2
VPNs", RFC 9291, DOI 10.17487/RFC9291, September 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9291>.
[RFC9408] Boucadair, M., Ed., Gonzalez de Dios, O., Barguil, S., Wu,
Q., and V. Lopez, "A YANG Network Data Model for Service
Attachment Points (SAPs)", RFC 9408, DOI 10.17487/RFC9408,
June 2023, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9408>.
12. Informative References
[I-D.boro-opsawg-ntw-attachment-circuit]
Boucadair, M., Roberts, R., de Dios, O. G., Barguil, S.,
and B. Wu, "A Network YANG Data Model for Attachment
Circuits", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-boro-
opsawg-ntw-attachment-circuit-02, 9 March 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-boro-opsawg-
ntw-attachment-circuit-02>.
[I-D.boro-opsawg-teas-attachment-circuit]
Boucadair, M., Roberts, R., de Dios, O. G., Barguil, S.,
and B. Wu, "YANG Data Models for 'Attachment Circuits'-as-
a-Service (ACaaS)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-boro-opsawg-teas-attachment-circuit-06, 3 May 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-boro-opsawg-
teas-attachment-circuit-06>.
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[I-D.boro-opsawg-teas-common-ac]
Boucadair, M., Roberts, R., de Dios, O. G., Barguil, S.,
and B. Wu, "A Common YANG Data Model for Attachment
Circuits", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-boro-
opsawg-teas-common-ac-02, 3 May 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-boro-opsawg-
teas-common-ac-02>.
[I-D.contreras-teas-slice-controller-models]
Contreras, L. M., Rokui, R., Tantsura, J., Wu, B., Liu,
X., Dhody, D., and S. Belotti, "IETF Network Slice
Controller and its associated data models", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-contreras-teas-slice-
controller-models-05, 13 March 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-contreras-
teas-slice-controller-models-05>.
[I-D.dhody-teas-ietf-network-slice-mapping]
Dhody, D. and B. Wu, "IETF Network Slice Service Mapping
YANG Model", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
dhody-teas-ietf-network-slice-mapping-03, 12 March 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-dhody-teas-
ietf-network-slice-mapping-03>.
[I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang]
Wu, B., Dhody, D., Rokui, R., Saad, T., Han, L., and J.
Mullooly, "A YANG Data Model for the IETF Network Slice
Service", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang-04, 13 March 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-teas-
ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang-04>.
[RFC8049] Litkowski, S., Tomotaki, L., and K. Ogaki, "YANG Data
Model for L3VPN Service Delivery", RFC 8049,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8049, February 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8049>.
[RFC8309] Wu, Q., Liu, W., and A. Farrel, "Service Models
Explained", RFC 8309, DOI 10.17487/RFC8309, January 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8309>.
[RFC8453] Ceccarelli, D., Ed. and Y. Lee, Ed., "Framework for
Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN)", RFC 8453,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8453, August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8453>.
Authors' Addresses
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Samier Barguil (editor)
Nokia
Calle de María Tubau, 9
28050 Madrid
Spain
Email: samier.barguil_giraldo@nokia.com
Luis Miguel Contreras (editor)
Telefonica
Distrito T
28050 Madrid
Spain
Email: luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com
Victor Lopez
Nokia
Calle de María Tubau, 9
28050 Madrid
Spain
Email: victor.lopez@nokia.com
Reza Rokui
Ciena
Canada
Email: reza.rokui@nokia.com
Oscar Gonzalez de Dios
Telefonica
Distrito T
28050 Madrid
Spain
Email: oscar.gonzalezdedios@telefonica.com
Daniel King
Old Dog Consulting
Email: daniel@olddog.co.uk
Mohamed Boucadair
Orange
Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com
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