Considerations for common QoS IPv6 extension header(s)
draft-eckert-6man-qos-exthdr-discuss-00
| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (individual) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Toerless Eckert , Jinoo Joung , Shaofu Peng , Xuesong Geng | ||
| Last updated | 2024-03-04 | ||
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draft-eckert-6man-qos-exthdr-discuss-00
6MAN T. Eckert
Internet-Draft Futurewei Technologies USA
Intended status: Informational J. Joung
Expires: 5 September 2024 Sangmyung University
S. Peng
ZTE Corp.
X. Geng
Huawei
4 March 2024
Considerations for common QoS IPv6 extension header(s)
draft-eckert-6man-qos-exthdr-discuss-00
Abstract
This document is written to start a discussion and collect opinions
and ansers to questions raised in this document on the issue of
defining IPv6 extension headers for DETNET-WG functionality with
IPv6.
Status of This Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 5 September 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
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extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Process and innovation problem and proposal . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Technical Problem (DetNet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.2. Gaps and challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2. Common header proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1. Example End-to-End extension header method for DetNet . . 10
3.1.1. PREOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1.2. End-to-end time-stamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2. Example Hop-by-hop extension header Methods . . . . . . . 12
3.2.1. C-SCORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.2. TCQF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2.3. TQF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2.4. Earliest Deadline First (EDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2.5. CSQF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2.6. gLBF Guaranteed Latency Based Forwarding (gLBF) . . . 15
3.2.7. Dynamic Packet State (DPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2.8. Latency Based Forwarding (LBF) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4. Open questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1. Functional requirements / limitation . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.2. Combination with IPv6 routing header. . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.3. Hop-by-hop or Routing-Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.4. Extending existing router headers or new routing header
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.5. Integrated or split DetNet header . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5. Method and e2eMthd code-point/semantic allocation . . . . . . 22
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8. Logistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.1. Changelog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1. Introduction
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1.1. Process and innovation problem and proposal
DetNet has or is considering different functionalities which would
require IPv6 extension headers if they where to be supported with
IPv6 without the use of an additional hop-by-hop or tunneling
mechanism. Due to the absence of such headers, DetNet has so far
been developing variations of transporting IPv6 over MPLS because in
MPLS some of this functionality was already defined by DetNet.
For the problem of hop-by-hop bounded latency guaranteed especially
for large-scale networks such as Service-Provider or private
metropolitan aggregation networks, various competing proposals are
being made and agreement on only one or very few of such proposal
will be a hard competitive decision and is not supportive of the
proven IETF model of allowing new technology to be productized and
let the market decide - and then after sufficient experience discuss
further standardization on what was successful.
The main issue to gain experience is the overhead that would exist if
each of these proposal was to ask for an IPv6 extension header to
embody it's functionality. This goes even to a chicken-and-egg
problem, that 6MAN would very likely not want to spend time on
multiple extension headers for different proposals that have not yet
achieved enough adoption experience that they would qualify for
standards track.
This problem also extensions to per-hop QoS functionality beyond
DetNet, such as novel congestion control mechanisms that where
already presented to IETF and did not progress due to the high
overhead of getting extension headers, or possible new work, also
from research (IRTF or other) that does not even dare to attempt work
on an IPv6 solution due to the process overhead of defining IPv6
extension headers.
This document therefore proposes to cut through this chicken-and-egg
problem by proposing a single, but extensible (set of) IPv6 extension
header(s) for IPv6 that are built to support multiple different end-
to-end and hop-by-hop QoS functions.
The goal would be to ultimately arrive at a 6MAN standards track
document that defines all the encoding and allocation aspects under
the purview of 6MAN, so that by using those extension header(s),
technical groups who are experts on specific functionality can then
create specifications defining multiple alternative options for QoS
packet processing that leverage the common header. These
specification can range from industry specific with public
documentation over informational IETF RFCs over to experimental/
standards track RFC for those methods.
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To rephrase the above in a more packet level explanation: The goal is
to produce a common packet header that can be thought of as a larger
variation of the IPv6 header TOS field (which over time evolved into
ECN and DSCP sub-fields), and allow those different specifications to
define the encoding and end-to-end and per-hop processing options
based on subdividing that packet header space into multiple metadata
fields used in processing.
Like with ECN and DSCP, the semantic of the processing is not the
purview of 6MAN anymore, but groups expert in the intended
processing.
One of the tasks to define a clear demarcation between the
responsibility of DetNet is to define in such a common packet header
specification the permitted limits as to what can be done in
processing, such as not impacting routing, but only per-hop packet
scheduling, admission or congestion based or end-to-end resiliency
functions derived from DetNet's PREOF (described below). Likewise
some definition of appropriate type of metadata will be required
which does not violate privacy but only describes the processing
required characteristics of the traffic.
While the core initial driver for this discussion are DetNet QoS
functions, this work should equally be applicable to non-DetNet QoS
functions, such as congestion control algorithms in need of more
metadata than possible via DSCP and ECN. To this end, two examples
are included, DPS and LBF.
1.2. Technical Problem (DetNet)
DetNet supports today or plan to support through additional work
functions that require packet header "metadata" elements, and those
elements are not all supported in IETF standards for existing network
layers.
1.2.1. Background
The following attempts to summarize DetNet functionality as relevant
to the discussions in this document.
The DetNet architecture [RFC8655] specifies that "DetNet operates at
the IP layer and delivers service over lower-layer technologies such
as MPLS and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) as defined by IEEE
802.1". DetNet forwarding has two sub-layers, the forwarding sub-
layer and the service sub-layer.
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Nodes that only participate in the forwarding sub-layer, but not the
service sub-layer are called DetNet transit node. Transit nodes
operate some hop-by-hop forwarding protocols, such a IP, IPv6, MPLS,
802.1 (ethernet switching with TSN services) or other, that is not
explicitly mentioned in the DetNet architecture, such as BIER
[RFC8279]. Note that DetNet supports unicast and multicast.
The DetNet forwarding sub-layer provides resource allocation and
explicit routing to DetNet flows or their aggregates. Resource
allocation means bandwidth reservation and buffer management to
ensure no-loss forwarding, and when required for the traffic also
per-hop scheduling to guarantee bounded latency of the forwarded
DetNet traffic.
The DetNet service sub-layer provides (according to [RFC8655] the
Packet Replication Function (PRF), the Packet Elimination Function
(PEF) and the Packet Ordering Function (POF). These functions are
collectively called PREOF (Packet Replication Elimination and
Ordering Functions). PREOF provides resilience against even
individual packet loss by utilizing or inserting some sequence number
in packets in the PRF and sending out two or more copies of the
traffic to disjoint paths which are only converging in a DetNet
service node performing the PEF and optionally the POF. These
functions may occur on network nodes or on DetNet sender/receiver
nodes. POF is optional because it implies packet buffering in the
face of packet reordering, something which may be too complex to
perform in a network node.
In DetNet MPLS data plane [RFC8964], DetNet/MPLS packets have one (or
more) F(orwarding) labels through which the explicit path and
resource reservation can happen and which can be set up by various
MPLS control plane mechanisms, including, but not limited to RSVP-TE.
These are followed by a S(ervice) label (S-Label) and at the bottom
of the MPLS stack a DetNet Control Word (d-CW) containing a sequence
number for the traffic (DetNet flow or aggregate) identified by the
S-label.
In a simple example MPLS network deployment of DetNet, the ingress PE
LSR would perform the DetNet service sub-layer with PRF and replicate
the two copies of the traffic into two RSVP-TE tunnels (over disjoint
paths) to the egress PE that performs the PRF/POF. Intervening MPLS
P LSR act solely as DetNet forwarding sub-layer nodes, forwarding the
traffic as MPLS, and resource allocation only happens out-of-band in
the Path Computation Engine (PCE) and Admission Controller (AC).
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Note that service sub-layer functions are not necessarily only
applied on ingress and egress of a network, depending on the design
and deployment of a service, they may also occur on intermediate
DetNet service nodes, for example to protect against packet loss on
more than one hop along a long path.
1.2.2. Gaps and challenges
1.2.2.1. No PREOF header for IP
For IP and IPv6, there is no equivalent network packet header to the
S-label/d-CW in MPLS. Hence, it is currently not possible to build
PREOF purely with an IP packet header. Instead, there are proposal
to utilize the MPLS header within an IP environment, such as
[I-D.ietf-detnet-mpls-over-ip-preof]. Such mixed stacks may not be
ideal for processing performance and/or implementation also on DetNet
sender/receivers.
1.2.2.2. Limited choice for bounded latency scheduling in IP and MPLS
The only scheduling mechanism documented in an RFC to provide per-hop
bounded latency is [RFC2212]. This severely limits the ability to
easily implement IP router or MPLS LSR forwarding sub-layer bounded-
latency functionality. The IEEE TSN working group has defined
several per-hop bounded latency mechanisms. These can not be used
today though hop-by-hop when the forwarding node is not operating as
an 802.1 bridge, but as an IP/IPv6 router or MPLS LSR. The IEEE has
the intend to extend specification of TSN mechanism to make them
applicable to IP/MPLS forwarding layers, but except for some summary
of this effort, it is unclear what degree of IETF review and hence
IETF standards applicability those mechanisms would get (ongoing work
at 2/2024).
1.2.2.3. Scalability issues of explicit routing
In most cases, bandwidth and if possible bounded-latency guarantees
can only be provided on a strict explicit path, because every single
re-route that could happen would require pre-allocated resources. In
per-hop explicit routing, such as RSVP-TE, this requires a so-called
strict ERO, and every LSR requires an MPLS LSP for each such RSVP-TE
tunnel. In a large MPLS network with e.g.: 1000 PE and a full-mesh
of PE-PE RSVP-TE tunnels, this would require 1,000,000 LSP. PCE
established LSP could gain some optimization through MP2P LSP setup,
but this is still an undesirable large design, purely from the
perspective of the required PCE signaling to P LSR.
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The same considerations apply to strict routes in IP/IPv6 networks,
due to the absence of an RSVP-TE equivalent signaling of ERO in IP/
IPv6, only PCE signaling based solutions are available through
standard mechanisms today.
Segment Routing (SR) for MPLS and IPv6 overcomes this issue by
eliminating the per-hop steering, and moves the explicit route into
the packet header. However, SR started out primarily for use-cases
such as capacity optimization, where strict explicit routing is not
required, but instead loose routing is sufficient, and the PCE is
calculating a minimum number of loose hops to put into the steering
header. This is insufficient for DetNet, but instead large service
provider networks, especially in sparsely populated but large
countries may have ring-type topologies with 20 or more hops,
requiring 20 or more explicit steering hops in the source routing
header.
In SRv6, mechanisms such as [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-srh-compression]
are looking into supporting longer SR paths in the header, which
should hopefully suffice for the long and strict explicit paths
required for DetNet in such networks. Likewise, MPLS LSR
requirements for the maximum supported length of label stacks should
take the requirement for strict explicit paths into account in
profiling implementation requirements.
1.2.2.4. Scalability issues of hop-by-hop bounded latency mechanisms
Both [RFC2212] as well as most TSN mechanisms in support of hop-by-
hop bounded latency scheduling operate on the basis of per-flow, per-
hop traffic state, such as per-flow Weighted-Fair-Queuing or Shaping.
These mechanisms require per-flow, per-hop state that needs to be
established by a PCE and whose operational performance and
scalability requirements are worse of those of per-hop, per-flow
explicit traffic steering without source routing (segment routing).
2. Common header proposal
The following two picture show the proposed common metadata blocks
from which one or two IPv6 extension header(s) are to be composed.
these blocks do not include the common headers of the possible IPv6
extension header options but are only their payload.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Per Hop Method | Method Parameters (56 bits) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: Per-hop metadata block
Per Hop Method, Method Parameters:
The Per Hop Method field (abbreviated to Method) indicates the format
of the following 56 bits of method parameters and its processing by a
per-hop scheduling/marking algorithms. When used with DetNet, this
header is processed by every DetNet transport node.
For this option, IANA would have to allocate one new 5-bit codepoint
for the Hop-by-Hop option in combination with all "act"/"chg" bit
combinations. The specification for each method would be required to
comply with [I-D.ietf-6man-hbh-processing] and define which
"act"/"chg" options the method uses and how.
The common specification for this hop-by-hop option would specify
that the requirements of [I-D.ietf-6man-hbh-processing] for this new
option apply individually on a per-method basis. In other word,
implementations supporting this option must not only perform the
right "act" processing based on whether this option is supported/
configured, but on whether/how the specific "Per Hop Method" is
supported/configured. More specifically, by default, packets with
any non-explicitly configured "Per Hop Method" must default to be
discarded with only internal logging, not or minimally impacting
performance of other packets (aka: increase a single per-received-
interface (potentially sampled) counter for packets with this option
- or better).
ICMP replies support must only be provided for explicitly supported
and configured methods. Likewise, ignoring/passing packets with
unknown methods must be explicitly configured on a per-method basis.
Ultimately, one core goal of this per-method approach is to escape
the limited space we still have left for hop-by-hop options and on
the other hand commonize across multiple different QoS mechanism
variations all reasonable common-practice aspects so each such method
does not have to re-invent that common part of the wheel.
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Algorithms supported by this option will typically attempt to achieve
per-hop bounded latency, and optionally also limit per-hop jitter
when they are serving DetNet. Alternatively (or additionally) they
may also attempt to achieve specific congestion control goals.
Nevertheless, the 56 bit may support any per-hop function of interest
based on method allocation rules and the limits seen as reasonable
for the of this extension header - for example: scheduling and
marking/discarding of the packet.
Allocation of Method values are proposed/discussed in Section 5.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|e2eMthd| End-to-end Method (e2emth) Parameters (60 bits) |
+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2: End-to-end metadata block
e2eMthd, Method Parameters:
This extension header data block follows the same logic as the hop-
by-hop metadata block except that in general it is meant to only be
processed by DetNet Service nodes, or for non DetNet functions
equally only the ingress/egress nodes of an IPv6 packet path.
Depending on how this is packetized, it may be part of a per-hop
extension header but the data might simply be ignored there.
Processing rules would have to be written similarly to what was
outlined above for the hop-by-hop option.
Allocation of e2eMthd values are proposed/discussed in Section 5.
3. Examples
This section describes example functionalities that would have to be
specified (as IETF standard/experimental/informational, ISE ...
external specification) utilizing the above proposed extension header
options.
The text for these examples does not attempt to include all such
possible specification but instead focuses on a summary of the
functionality and how the metadata carried in the extension header(s)
achieves it.
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3.1. Example End-to-End extension header method for DetNet
The following is an example for how the end-to-end extension header
might be defined for DetNet.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|e2eMthd|Rsrvd|P| End-to-End Timestamp |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0 0 0| Sequence Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 3: Example DetNet End-to-end metadata block
Rsrvd: Reserved.
Sequence Number: Explained in the following PREOF subsection.
End-to-end Timestamp, P: Explained in the following End-to-end Time-
stamping subsection.
3.1.1. PREOF
Sequence Number:
The field carrying the Sequence Number has the same encoding and
semantic as the "DetNet Control Word" as specified in the MPLS Data
plane for DetNet, [RFC8964].
Note that processing the sequence number field (insertion,
reordering, duplicate elimination) is relative to the DetNet flow
that the packet belongs to, requiring per-DetNet flow state in the
processing nodes.
This means that it is relative to the N-tuple that is looked up by
the processing node. The DetNet architecture lays out various
option. In simple, non-SRv6 end-to-end flow scenarios, this is the
typical 5-tuple of (Src-IPv6/Mask, Dst-IPv6/Mask, Proto, SrcPort,
DstPort), where Proto is the value of the first IPv6 "Next Header"
field which is not an IPv6 extension header, and SrcPort, DstPort the
first two 16 bit values of that protocol header.
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When a routing header is used, DstIP is the final routing header
address, which will only be the IPv6 headers destination address on
the last hop. In addition, the DetNet flow tuple can be as small as
a 2-tuple (Src-IPv6/Mask, Dst-IPv6/Mask), indicating for example all
traffic to use DetNet service between a service provider networks
ingress PE (Src-IP6) and egress PE (Dst-IPv6).
3.1.2. End-to-end time-stamping
The P and End-to-end Timestamp serve an "end-to-end time-stamping"
service. Clock timestamp has a unit of 1 usec.
When the hop-by-hop scheduling mechanism is "in-time", traffic will
incur no or little per-hop scheduling delay in the absence of
competing traffic, but more delay when there is competing traffic.
This can lead to a high degree of end-to-end latency variation
("jitter") under varying degrees of competing traffic, something that
applications may not be able to easily deal with.
End-to-end timestamping is a way to permit the egress DetNet service
node to buffer packets received before their guaranteed maximum
bounded latency. This is a tentative feature which has not yet been
considered in other drafts in DetNet, and is included to offer a more
comprehensive view of possible still to be resolved DetNet packet
header features beyond per-hop scheduling.
If the P)layout flag is 0, then the end-to-end timestamp indicates
the time I at which the ingress DetNet service node inject the
packet. The egress DetNet service node then needs to understand the
guaranteed bounded latency D for the packets flow and delay the
packet up to time I+D.
In some cases, it may be easier for the ingress DetNet service node
to know D, in which case it can set the End-to-End Timestamp to I+D
and indicate this via P=1. The egress DetNet service node then needs
to delay the packet up to the time indicated by the end-to-end
timestamp.
Because the end-to-end timestamp is not a full timestamp, it needs to
be defined as a 24 bit modulo against some reference clock timestamp,
such as seconds since Jan-1-1970. There is also the need for the
egress DetNet node to check the modulo (formula TBD).
The unit of the end-to-end-timestamp is 0.1 usec, allowing a maximum
latency of 1.6 seconds (24 bit value). This allows any potentially
necessary timestamp calculations to be at last 1 usec precise. 1.6
seconds is assume to be significantly longer than any relevant end-
to-end delay that needs to be supported.
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3.2. Example Hop-by-hop extension header Methods
The different example methods described in the following subsections
use a one-bit field V(ersion) to allow introduction of both backward
compatible and non-backward compatible extensions of a method without
requiring a new Method field allocation.
When V=0, extensions need to be backward compatible and use only
Reserved bits in the header, which are by default sent as 0 and
ignored by the following methods.
When V=1, receivers will recognize the packet header as being
incompatible with the following specifications. In that case all
bits of the Method parameters can be redefined as seem fit by such
extensions, but all nodes processing such a header must then support
that new version of the Method.
3.2.1. C-SCORE
"Work Conserving Stateless Core Fair Queuing" (C-SCORE,
[I-D.joung-detnet-stateless-fair-queuing]) is a mechanism for per-hop
stateless fair queuing that together with admission control allows to
guarantee per-hop bounded latency in which because of the properties
of fair queuing the latency of bursts is only paid once. It aims to
achieve similar end-to-end bounded latency guarantees as [RFC2212],
which is also leveraging fair queuing, except that that mechanism
does not operate stateless, but requires for each flow on every
relevant hop per-flow state, specifically the weighted fair queue for
the flow.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Method | Reserved | Service Rate |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Finish Time |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 4: TCQF hop-by-hop block
Finish Time:
This is also called F(p) in the C-SCORE draft. This is in units of
usec and updated through the C-SCORE algorithm and experienced
processing latency on every hop. See below in the gLBF section for
thoughts on how to deal with overflow modulo for such a parameter.
Service Rate:
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This is also called r in the C-Score draft. The unit is bits/sec.
TBD: this may need to be a larger unit, such as kbps.
Note that C-SCORE also needs to know the length of the packet for its
calculation. It is assumed that this length is known when C-SCORE
algorithm is run, and it is up to implementations to determine the
length from e.g.: L2 encapsulation of the IPv6 packet or further
parsing of the packet header chain following the IPv6 extension
headers.
3.2.2. TCQF
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Method |V| Reserved | Prio | Cycle |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 5: TCQF hop-by-hop block
Cycle:
"Tagged Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding" (TCQF) is a forwarding method
derived from IEEE "Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding" ([CQF]). In TCQF,
multiple cycles are used to forward packets. For example, if 3
cycles are used packets will be sent in sequence for a cycle time
period T of e.g.: 10 usec from cycle buffer 1, then for T from cycles
2, then cycle 3 and then cycle 1 again. The Cycle value in received
packets from a neighbor are mapped via a simple (neighbor, input-
cycle) -> output-cycle function, output-cycle is written into the
Cycle field and the packet is enqueued into that cycle buffer. The
mapping is set up so that all packets for input-cycle can be received
before output-cycle starts to send. Carrying the Cycle value in the
packet allows to support arbitrary link-latencies (which is limited
in CQF) as well as higher level of errors between clocks on adjacent
nodes. This is called "Maximum Time Interval Error" - MTIE in clock
synchronization protocols such as PTP.
Cycle=0 is reserved. Current considerations are that fewer than
e.g.: 10 Cycles are needed with TCQF, but the field is defined larger
to allow extensions without having to redefine the field in an
incompatible fashion.
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While not specified in the current TCQF draft, it is possible to use
multiple independent set of cycle buffers for packets of different
priorities. Thus the encoding also includes a Prio(rity) field.
Prio=0 is reserved, Typically a maximum of 8 priorities is likely to
be beneficial/necessary.
3.2.3. TQF
"Timeslot Queueing and Forwarding" (TQF),
[I-D.peng-detnet-packet-timeslot-mechanism] is a variation of CQF
(and TCQF, CSQF) in which a larger number of cycles, which are called
Timeslots, are used to allow direct interleaving of more smaller
flows without having to reserve bandwidth in every cycle to such
flows - but only reserving bandwidth in a smaller number of timeslots
in a larger number of timeslots.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Method |V| Reserved |G| Timeslot |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Deviation |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 6: TQF hop-by-hop block
Timeslot is the equivalent of Cycle in TCQF, but may use 1024 or more
values.
If G)lobal =0, this indicates Local Timeslot style, G)local=1
indicates Global Timeslot style. See
[I-D.peng-detnet-packet-timeslot-mechanism], for more explanations.
Deviation indicates the number of timeslots which a packet was
delayed by on one or more hops because it did not fit into the
earliest available timeslot on a processing node. This value is
updated by adding the number of slots the packet is delayed to the
Deviation value and updating the Deviation field in the packet.
When so desired, the egress DetNet service node can then use this
value and the admission control system calculated maximum value of
this field for this flow to delay packets such that all packets of
the flow will have the same latency (reducing jitter).
3.2.4. Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
TBD. See [I-D.peng-detnet-deadline-based-forwarding].
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3.2.5. CSQF
CSQF, [I-D.chen-detnet-sr-based-bounded-latency] operates
fundamentally like TCQF except that it does not operate on a single
cycle identifier in a header field, which is then rewritten on every
hop like TCQF, but instead the cycle identifier for every hop is a
(parameter of the) SRv6 SID for every hop, e.g.: it requires use a of
a routing header such as SRH.
Compared to TCQF, this approach has the benefit of allowing a more
flexible per-hop sequence of cycles because the cycle for every hop
is programmable for each packet, whereas it is fixed by router
mapping tables in TCQF.
As a downside, when the cycle mapping does not require this
flexibility, it costs more bits on the wire, because when e.g.: N=4
bit of cycle values are required, then this requires as many bits per
hop in the routing header, which may be a relevant consideration when
using compressed routing headers.
However, CSQF like TCQF can also be implemented with different
priorities, and if that is an end-to-end priority, then it may be
beneficial not to replicate the priority field into every source
routing header hop (e.g.: SRv6 SID in SRH), but carry it in the hop-
by-hop extension header field. For this purpose, it would be
possible even to re-use the CQF Method formatting, set the Cycle
field to 0, but the Prio field to a non-zero value indicating the
priority. Likewise, it should then be possible to only allocate a
single Method value for both TCQF and CSQF.
3.2.6. gLBF Guaranteed Latency Based Forwarding (gLBF)
"guaranteed Latency Based Forwarding" (gLBF, [I-D.eckert-detnet-glbf]
is a mechanism for on-time stateless forwarding of packets without
requirements for clock synchronization utilizing the calculus for
admission control and flow specifications of TSN-ATS. To eliminate
the per-hop shaper or interleaved regulator state of TSN-ATS, it
instead uses a Damper.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Method |V| Reserved | PPrio | Prio |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Damper Time |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 7: gLBF hop-by-hop block
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If Method equals to the value assigned to gLBF, the method parameters
are as follows:
Prio:
Prio is the end-to-end priority of the packet with defined values 1
to 8. 1 is highest priority, 8 is lowest priority. Values 9-15 are
reserved. If Prio is 0, then the per-hop priority needs to be
derived from the per-hop routing header information, such as the SID
or its parameters when using SRH. When using per-hop priorities
solely via SIDs (such as when using compressed SIDs), this requires
up to 8 SID per node (depending if all 8 priorities are required in
the deployment).
PPrio (prior hop priority):
This is an optional parameter. It is set to 0 when not used. When
supported then a node will insert the per-hop priority extracted from
its SID (or its parameters) into this field (value 1-8) in support of
less complex processing of the packet on the following node, such as
simple timed FIFOs. See [I-D.eckert-detnet-glbf] for further
explanations.
Note that the prior hop prio is also available from the routing
header SID when using IPv6 routing headers, because unlike in MPLS,
it is not discarded. Nevertheless, a node typically would not know
the semantics of the prior-hop nodes SID to priority mapping.
Damper Time:
This is the time calculated by the prior-hop node that the receiving
node needs to delay the packet so that the sum of scheduling latency
on the prior hop and this damper time is the known maximum bounded
latency for this hop and the prior hops priority of the packet.
Each node rewrites this field after knowing when the packet will hit
the outgoing interface (e.g.: after dequeing it from the egress
queue).
3.2.7. Dynamic Packet State (DPS)
"Dynamic Packet State" (DPS) [I-D.stoica-diffserv-dps] is a proposal
that was brought to the IETF in 2002. It is not considered for
DetNet, but is the first example presented here how the common header
proposed might also help accelerate at least practical
experimentation with research QoS options that so far have always
struggled to get even towards practical experimentation because of
packetization.
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DPS provides weighted fair scheduling approximation without per-flow
state (such as a per-flow weighted queue) by carrying a flows target
data rate as metadata in the packet. In the most basic setup, all
DPS flows share a single traffic class. The scheduler calculates an
ongoing estimate of the (over-load) of that traffic class, deriving a
packet ECN-mark or discard probability, and then adjusting that
probability up or down based on the packets target data rate.
A solution like DPS does require controlled networks where the target
data rate of flows can be trusted, but then allows to easily solve
issues such as allowing devices/applications requiring much faster
flows to get those higher speed under congestion - without
introducing any non-scalable per-flow state management issues (except
for wherever on ingress some policy admission is needed).
The DPS draft lays out primarily complex encoding options to minimize
the number of bits required to encode the metadata. These
considerations not only precede faster networks of today, but they
also ignore the issue that complex encoding will not necessarily work
at high speeds in programmable forwarding plane. Hence a simple,
non-floating point representation would likewise also accelerate the
ability to experiment with these type of advanced mechanisms.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Method |V| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Flow Rate |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 8: DPS hop-by-hop block
In a simple encoding option, the DPS metadata would simply consist of
a 32-bit Flow Rate field in units of 10 bps, allowing maximum flow
rates of 40 Gbps, thus allowing experimentation both in high-speed as
well as low-speed, radio networks.
3.2.8. Latency Based Forwarding (LBF)
Like DPS, "Latency Based Forwarding" (LBF, [LBF]) is also not a
DetNet target per-hop method, but a more research experiment from
which gLBF was derived.
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It is included here as a second examples of how the common header
structure proposed here could also help to avoid researchers having
to introduce new packet headers fully and instead are able to rely on
the framework of the common header. It also shows how the desire for
a space optimized common header may cause limitation to more
experimental, advanced solutions.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Method |V| Reserved |A| eLatency |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| minLatency | maxLatency |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 9: LBF hop-by-hop block
eLatency is the latency experienced by the packet when it travels
hop-by-hop in the unit of usec. Every node along the path adds the
latency including link and queuing latency to the value, updating the
packet header field.
minLatency and maxLatency are only set by the originator and never
changed. Like eLatency their unit is usec.
Every node performing LBF scheduling management uses routing
information that includes propagation latencies to know the minimum,
no-queuing latency to the packets destination to determine how much
scheduling time budget the packet has, taking eLatency and maxLatency
into account. When it calculates that the packet could not reach the
destination in time it discards the packet immediately, hence
avoiding unnecessary congestion downstream. When immediate sending
of the packet would make the packet likely arrive too early (taking
minLatency into account), the packet will be intentionally delayed
even in the absence of contention. As soon as the packet would not
be too early to be sent it's dynamic scheduling priority versus
contending packet based on the calculated maximum time it could spend
to not exceed maxLatency when it reaches the destination.
A)dmitted is a flag indicating whether the traffic is admission
controlled, which increases its dynamic scheduling priority in LBF.
minLatency and maxLatency are so-called "Service Level Objectives"
(SLO), and overall LBF attempts to show that latency SLO can not only
be orchestrated in complex fashions in the controller/control-plane,
but also lightweight and stateless (hence scaling) directly in the
forwarding plane. It can equalize end-to-end latency for flows
across different long paths to create fairness, such as in
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metropolitan access rings, and it can minimize multi-hop queuing
latency - once a packet experiences undesired queuing on one hop, its
dynamic priority will be higher on the next.
Because three time values are required, they can all only be 16 bit
long, making the maximum latency supportable 65 msec. This should
well suffice for any interactive time-critical applications, but it
would not be good enough for arbitrary use over wide-area networks.
4. Open questions
4.1. Functional requirements / limitation
Assume a standards track draft/RFC was to be created from this header
concept. What are the functional requirements / limitation necessary
and sufficient so that it becomes most easy to create
standard/experimental/information/external methods leveraging this
encapsulation.
For example:
Defining constraints that must be met by the mechanism to be allowed
to use this header, such as:
o The header operation may primarily only impact scheduling, marking
and/or discarding of packets containing the header relative to other
packets. The mechanisms explicitly need to minimize exposure of
application information to the network according to [RFC9419]. For
example, past proposal attempted to include metadata characterizing
the application, session and type of media transported so that the
network operator could try to provide mappings to the service quality
deemed necessary for the traffic. Instead the metadata should
explicitly only be the control parameter for the QoS algorithm
provided by the method.
o If parameters beyond this limit are proposed to be transported,
then they must be encrypted in a way that would allow for them to be
decoded only by entities to whom the originating application can
build an equal trust relationship to the one deemed to be sufficient
to carry the same information in an encrypted/authenticated end-to-
end connection. Note that the potential to include such encryption
related parameters may be one reason to potentially reserve more
space, such as another 32 bits for some form of security-association
identifier.
o Unless the mechanism claims and provides sufficient evidence (any
standard requirements to achieve this) to be compatible to Internet
congestion control (best RFC reference ?), the mechanism needs to be
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scoped for intra-domain/controlled-network/federation use (not across
the Internet) and/or require participating hosts to employ circuit
breakers ([RFC8084]).
o Operation of the method must only depend on parameters included in
the header(s) (hop-by-hop, end-to-end), and the base IPv6 header, but
not other headers or payload.
o All operations on any hop-by-hop header defined for a method are
intended to be possible within the "fast-path" forwarding plane of
advanced routers, any control-plane / slow-path functionality should
not rely on these headers. Any normal end-to-end header should in
general be designed in the same way, but an additional method may be
assigned to end-to-end headers that are intended to operate only in
software. For example the proposed playout metadata in the end-to-
end header requires timed buffering of packets, something typically
not deemed feasible for even most advanced high-speed router
forwarding plane engines today. However, this functionality is easy
to do in software on receiver host stacks, and supporting this via an
IPv6 destination option header will likely may it easier to add such
functionality to existing application/host-stacks than defining a new
"transport" header for it - because the latter option would then
require to "tunnel" e.g.: UDP on top of that transport.
o The method must specify how it fits into a DiffServ configuration
model.
o A method specification must describe how the method interacts with
traffic not carrying the methods header.
4.2. Combination with IPv6 routing header.
When DetNet wants to guarantee per-hop resources for bandwidth and
optionally per-hop latency, then this means in almost all network
designs with redundancy, that the network path needs to be fixed
through what is commonly called a strict, explicit hop-by-hop route,
or else a re-route event on a loose intermediate hop will cause the
traffic to reconverge to a path without prior resource allocation.
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Today, in IPv6 there are two relevant source-routing headers through
which this steering is done in the industry. For high-speed networks
the "IPv6 Segment Routing Header", [RFC8754], and for lower speed,
industrial, and often also wireless-mesh networks the "IPv6 Routing
Header for Source Routes with the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and
Lossy Networks", [RFC6554]. Because DetNet explicitly includes the
wireless network architecture aspects originating from the IETF RAW
working group, we should assume that in the ideal case, the DetNet
header can be combined with the functionality of either of these type
of networks.
4.3. Hop-by-hop or Routing-Header
Should the DetNet header (primarily) be a Hop-by-Hop (HbH) header, or
a routing-header ? Here are a couple of considerations:
A HbH header would have the benefit of allowing to combine DetNet
with unmodified routing headers [RFC8754] or [RFC6554].
A HbH header would have the possible downside that parsing and
executing both a HbH header and a routing header may be more
expensive in high-speed forwarding planes than if the DetNet header
would become part of a new routing header. Especially because in the
worst case, 50% the DetNet functionality may need to be applied on
ingress before routing, and the other 50% may need to be applied
after routing on the egress of the router.
A HbH header would have the benefit of allowing per-hop operation
even if the routing header is loose hop. As mentioned above, this
does not seem to be a significant use-case for DetNet.
4.4. Extending existing router headers or new routing header ?
Technically it seems to be an option to include the DetNet header
into an SRH as a "DetNet" TLV. So far, all existing SRH TLV are, as
far as the authors are aware only examined by the final SRH hop, but
not hop-by-hop. In this respect, the SRH TLV options seem to be
mostly a replacement for a separate Destination Options Header, and
implementations may have a higher overhead acting hop-by-hop on a TLV
encoded DetNet header.
However, the option for hop-by-hop examined TLVs are architecturally
possible in SRH through the high order bit of the TLV type field.
For [RFC6554] extensions are not explicitly considered, but it should
be possible to update this RFC with a DetNet header added at the end
(similar to the TLV section in SRH), but without having to add a TLV
encoding.
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Extending the existing headers will have the architectural downside
of having to support two routing headers with DetNet, but this seems
to be only a theoretical and RFC text duplication downside, because
almost every device will only support one type of header anyhow.
4.5. Integrated or split DetNet header
The service sub-layer functions and associated DetNet packet header
elements do not need to be executed on every hop where DetNet
transport sub-layer functions and hence the associated packet header
elements are required.
Therefore it could be considered to be technically feasible and
architecturally sound to split up the DetNet header into two IPv6
extension headers.
A DetNet transport sub-layer extension header with the first 64 bit
of data would be encoded as a HbH header, and/or an extension to an
existing or new routing header.
A DetNet service sub-layer extension header with the second 32 bit
which would be encoded in a Destination Options header, or (as the
SHR TLV example shows, added to a routing header). When encoded into
a Destination Options header there is the option of adding the 64 bit
of information as options into the common Destination Options
extension header or allocating a new Destination Options extension
header.
It would even be possible to consider calling this header not a
Destination Options header, but a new "DetNet service transport
header" - by simply not declaring the new "Next Header" value to be
an IPv6 extension header
Which of the options is best is an open issue.
One core functional benefit of having a single joint header is that
it would be possible to consider the option that different Methods
can also redefine the semantic of the 64 end-to-end bit and perform
per-hop operations on them. This for example could allow longer
metadata values in LBF.
5. Method and e2eMthd code-point/semantic allocation
The hop-by-hop Method is proposed to be allocated through different
mechanisms in different blocks as follows.
Values 0 - 31: Header encoding and associated forwarding behavior
specified through standards track RFC.
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Values 32 - 63: Header encoding and associated forwarding behavior
specified through experimental or informational IETF or IRTF RFC.
Values 64 - 223: Header encoding and associated forwarding behavior
specified through specification (including IETF) plus expert review.
Typical use would be for third-party SDO or research / industry
specifications.
Values 224 - 240: Experimental use. No RFC shall refer to a binding
of encoding or associated forwarding behavior to a specific code
point in this range.
Values 241 - 255: Configurable.
Nodes along the path need to be configured with a consistent
Configured Method Semantic. Configured Method Semantic is a another
IANA registry of 64 bit value allocated on FCFS basis to a public
specification without expert review. Each referenced specification
can only request one Method unless expert review allows it to be
associated with more than one.
The difference between Experimental and Configurable code points is
that experimental explicitly attempts to avoid creating documentation
for experiments that would cause them to proliferate beyond a stage
of an experiment, while Configurable explicitly demands documentation
to be produced, without consuming a limited space codepoint (instead
consuming only a codepoint from a large space).
Configurable and Experimental are targeted to be similar to private
DSCP for which no standard functionality is assigned, but instead
consistent behavior, such as queue assignment and queue / early-
discard/marking behavior need to be configured on every node in the
network.
For values 0 - 223, temporary allocations are permitted through IETF
or IRTF working group drafts (of the right track) until the draft
expires or is abandoned.
For e2eMthd, similarly blocks would be assigned to different
allocation policies (TBD).
6. Security Considerations
This document has no security considerations (yet?).
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7. IANA Considerations
This document has no IANA considerations.
8. Logistics
The authors welcome feedback, please address it to ipv6@ietf.org.
Feel free to submit suggestions to improve the document also as
issues to https://github.com/toerless/detnet.
8.1. Changelog
00 Initial version.
9. Acknowledgments
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC2212] Shenker, S., Partridge, C., and R. Guerin, "Specification
of Guaranteed Quality of Service", RFC 2212,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2212, September 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2212>.
[RFC6554] Hui, J., Vasseur, JP., Culler, D., and V. Manral, "An IPv6
Routing Header for Source Routes with the Routing Protocol
for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)", RFC 6554,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6554, March 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6554>.
[RFC8084] Fairhurst, G., "Network Transport Circuit Breakers",
BCP 208, RFC 8084, DOI 10.17487/RFC8084, March 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8084>.
[RFC8279] Wijnands, IJ., Ed., Rosen, E., Ed., Dolganow, A.,
Przygienda, T., and S. Aldrin, "Multicast Using Bit Index
Explicit Replication (BIER)", RFC 8279,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8279, November 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8279>.
[RFC8655] Finn, N., Thubert, P., Varga, B., and J. Farkas,
"Deterministic Networking Architecture", RFC 8655,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8655, October 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8655>.
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[RFC8754] Filsfils, C., Ed., Dukes, D., Ed., Previdi, S., Leddy, J.,
Matsushima, S., and D. Voyer, "IPv6 Segment Routing Header
(SRH)", RFC 8754, DOI 10.17487/RFC8754, March 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8754>.
[RFC8964] Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., Bryant,
S., and J. Korhonen, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet)
Data Plane: MPLS", RFC 8964, DOI 10.17487/RFC8964, January
2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8964>.
[RFC9419] Arkko, J., Hardie, T., Pauly, T., and M. Kühlewind,
"Considerations on Application - Network Collaboration
Using Path Signals", RFC 9419, DOI 10.17487/RFC9419, July
2023, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9419>.
10.2. Informative References
[CQF] IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group., "IEEE
Std 802.1Qch-2017: IEEE Standard for Local and
Metropolitan Area Networks — Bridges and Bridged Networks
— Amendment 29: Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding", 2017.
[I-D.chen-detnet-sr-based-bounded-latency]
Chen, M., Geng, X., Li, Z., Joung, J., and J. Ryoo,
"Segment Routing (SR) Based Bounded Latency", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-chen-detnet-sr-based-
bounded-latency-03, 7 July 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-chen-detnet-
sr-based-bounded-latency-03>.
[I-D.eckert-detnet-glbf]
Eckert, T. T., Clemm, A., Bryant, S., and S. Hommes,
"Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane - guaranteed
Latency Based Forwarding (gLBF) for bounded latency with
low jitter and asynchronous forwarding in Deterministic
Networks", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-eckert-
detnet-glbf-02, 5 January 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-eckert-
detnet-glbf-02>.
[I-D.ietf-6man-hbh-processing]
Hinden, R. M. and G. Fairhurst, "IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options
Processing Procedures", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-ietf-6man-hbh-processing-14, 25 February 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-6man-
hbh-processing-14>.
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[I-D.ietf-detnet-mpls-over-ip-preof]
Varga, B., Farkas, J., and A. G. Malis, "Deterministic
Networking (DetNet): DetNet PREOF via MPLS over UDP/IP",
Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-detnet-mpls-
over-ip-preof-11, 22 February 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-detnet-
mpls-over-ip-preof-11>.
[I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-srh-compression]
Cheng, W., Filsfils, C., Li, Z., Decraene, B., and F.
Clad, "Compressed SRv6 Segment List Encoding", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-spring-srv6-srh-
compression-13, 29 February 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-spring-
srv6-srh-compression-13>.
[I-D.joung-detnet-stateless-fair-queuing]
Joung, J., Ryoo, J., Cheung, T., Li, Y., and P. Liu,
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Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-joung-detnet-stateless-
fair-queuing-02, 29 February 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-joung-detnet-
stateless-fair-queuing-02>.
[I-D.peng-detnet-deadline-based-forwarding]
Peng, S., Du, Z., Basu, K., cheng, Yang, D., and C. Liu,
"Deadline Based Deterministic Forwarding", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-peng-detnet-deadline-
based-forwarding-09, 1 March 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-peng-detnet-
deadline-based-forwarding-09>.
[I-D.peng-detnet-packet-timeslot-mechanism]
Peng, S., Liu, P., Basu, K., Liu, A., Yang, D., and G.
Peng, "Timeslot Queueing and Forwarding Mechanism", Work
in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-peng-detnet-packet-
timeslot-mechanism-06, 4 March 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-peng-detnet-
packet-timeslot-mechanism-06>.
[I-D.stoica-diffserv-dps]
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Internet-Draft ipv6-qos-exthdr March 2024
[LBF] Clemm, A. and T. Eckert, "High-Precision Latency
Forwarding over Packet-Programmable Networks", IEEE 2020
IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium
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Authors' Addresses
Toerless Eckert
Futurewei Technologies USA
2220 Central Expressway
Santa Clara, CA 95050
United States of America
Email: tte@cs.fau.de
Jinoo Joung
Sangmyung University
South Korea
Email: jjoung@smu.ac.kr
Shaofu Peng
ZTE Corp.
Nanjing
China
Email: peng.shaofu@zte.com.cn
Xuesong Geng
Huawei
China
Email: gengxuesong@huawei.com
Eckert, et al. Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 27]