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BGP link bandwidth extended community use cases
draft-ietf-bess-ebgp-dmz-08

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Active".
Authors Stephane Litkowski , SATYA R MOHANTY , Arie Vayner , Akshay Gattani , Ajay Kini , Jeff Tantsura , Reshma Das
Last updated 2025-11-25 (Latest revision 2025-10-17)
Replaces draft-mohanty-bess-ebgp-dmz
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draft-ietf-bess-ebgp-dmz-08
BESS WorkGroup                                         S. Litkowski, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                                     Cisco
Intended status: Standards Track                       S R. Mohanty, Ed.
Expires: 18 April 2026                                           Zscaler
                                                               A. Vayner
                                                                  Google
                                                              A. Gattani
                                                                 A. Kini
                                                         Arista Networks
                                                             J. Tantsura
                                                                  Nvidia
                                                                  R. Das
                                                   Juniper Networks Inc.
                                                         15 October 2025

            BGP link bandwidth extended community use cases
                      draft-ietf-bess-ebgp-dmz-08

Abstract

   BGP link bandwidth extended community provides a way to signal a
   value along with a BGP path that can be used to perform weighted
   load-balancing in multipath scenarios.  This document details various
   use cases of the BGP link bandwidth extended community.  It also
   describes local mechanisms to dynamically adjust the BGP link
   bandwidth value or the multipath weights based on different
   considerations.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 18 April 2026.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Use cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Internet exit points  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  Optimizing server load-balancing  . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.3.  External connectivity and top-down LB extended community
           propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   4.  Mechanisms to adjust BGP link bandwidth and path weights  . .  10
     4.1.  Link bandwidth discovery  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.2.  Contributing link bandwidth computation . . . . . . . . .  11
     4.3.  Cumulating link bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   5.  Operational Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   7.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

1.  Introduction

   BGP link bandwidth (LB) extended community (defined in
   [I-D.ietf-idr-link-bandwidth]) provides a way to perform weighted
   load-balancing in multipaths scenarios.

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     P/m -- R1-- (20) -- |
                         R3-- (100) -- |
     P/m -- R2-- (10) -- |             |
                                       |- -
     P/m -- R6-- (40) -- |                  R4
                         |             |- -
                         R5-- (50) --- |
     P/m -- R7-- (30) -- |

            Figure 1: EBGP based network with BGP link bandwidth

   Figure 1 represents an all-EBGP network using link address based
   sessions.  Router R3 has eBGP sessions with two downstream routers R1
   and R2 and with another upstream router R4.  Similarly, R5 has eBGP
   sessions to downstream routers R6 and R7 and with upstream router R4.
   A prefix P/m, is learnt by R1, R2, R6, and R7 from their downstream
   routers (not shown).  From the perspective of R4, the topology looks
   like a directed tree.  The link bandwidths are shown alongside the
   links (The exact units are not really important and for simplicity
   these can be assumed to be weights proportional to the operational
   link bandwidths).  It is assumed that R3, R4 and R5 have multipath
   configured and paths having different value as-path attributes can
   still be considered as multipath (knobs exist in many implementations
   for this).  When the ingress router, R4, sends traffic to the
   destination P/m, the traffic needs to be spread amongst the links in
   the ratio of their link bandwidths.  BGP link bandwidth extended
   community can be used for this purpose.

   R3 can reach P/m via R1 through a link having a bandwidth of 20Gbps
   and R2 through a link having 10Gbps.  As R3 has multipath configured,
   weighted ECMP is performed with a ratio 2:1 between R1 and R2.
   Hence, R3 has a total bandwidth of 30Gbps available to reach P/m.
   When advertising P/m to R4, R3 sets itself as nexthop and can add a
   BGP link bandwidth extended community.  To enable R4 to perform
   proper weighted load-balancing, R3 could advertise 30Gbps of
   bandwidth into the BGP link bandwidth extended community.  Similarly,
   R5 performs weighted load-balancing with a ratio of 4:3 between R6
   and R7 and could advertise 70Gbps of bandwidth into the BGP link
   bandwidth extended community when advertising to R4.

   R4 receives two BGP paths for P/m:

   *  one path from R3 with a BGP link bandwidth of 30Gbps.  R3 is
      locally reachable through a link having 100Gbps of capacity.

   *  one path from R5 with a BGP link bandwidth of 70Gbps.  R5 is
      locally reachable through a link having 50Gbps only of capacity.

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   R4 may decide to consider only the BGP link bandwidth attribute when
   performing weighted load-balancing.  Then, R4 will use a ratio of
   30%/70% between R3 and R5.  However, with a local link capacity of
   only 50Gbps to R5, sending 70% of the traffic to R5 may create
   congestion.  It may be then interesting for R4 to consider both the
   BGP link bandwidth attribute and the local link bandwidth when
   computing the weighted load-balancing ratios.

   The example above shows that the BGP link bandwidth extended
   community may not be limited to carry only a "link" bandwidth value.
   In our example, the value 30Gbps advertised by R3 represents an
   aggregated path bandwidth.

   This document details various use cases related to the usage of BGP
   link bandwidth extended community and also deployed local mechanisms
   to dynamically adjust BGP link bandwidth value or weights used during
   load-balancing.

2.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

3.  Use cases

3.1.  Internet exit points

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                     +------------------------------------+
                    /                                      \
                                                            \
   Exit1 --- (800Gbps) --                                    |
                         \                                   |
                           PE1
                         /
   Exit2 --- (400Gbps) --

                            Service Provider network        PE3 ----

   Exit3 --- (200Gbps) --
                         \
                          PE2
                         /                                   |
   Exit4 --- (200Gbps) --                                    |
                                                            /
                  \                                        /
                   +--------------------------------------+

                       Figure 2: Internet exit points

   Figure 2 describes a service provider network with multiple Internet
   exit points.  Each exit point has a different link bandwidth
   represented in the figure.  For best efficiency, PE3 should load-
   balance Internet traffic between PE1 and PE2 according to the
   bandwidth each one of them has available.  PE1 is connected to two
   exit points, one with 800Gbps, the other with 400Gbps, it can reach
   Internet prefixes with a total capacity of 1.2Tbps.  PE2 is connected
   to two exit points, one with 200Gbps, the other with 200Gbps, it can
   reach Internet prefixes with a total capacity of 400Gbps.  We should
   then expect PE3 to load-balance between PE1 and PE2 with a ratio of
   3:1.

   BGP link bandwidth extended community can be leverage by PE1 and PE2
   to advertise the bandwidth available to PE3.

3.2.  Optimizing server load-balancing

   [RFC7938] section 6.3 (“Weighted ECMP") describes a use case in which
   a service (most likely represented using an anycast virtual IP) has
   an unequal set of resources serving across the data center regions.
   Figure 3 shows a typical data center topology as described in section
   3.1 of [RFC7938] where an unequal number of servers are deployed
   advertising a certain BGP prefix (anycast IP).  As displayed in the
   figure, the left side of the data center hosts only 5 servers while
   the right side hosts 10 servers.

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                        +------+  +------+
                        |      |  |      |
                        | AS1  |  | AS1  |           Tier 1
                        |      |  |      |
                        +------+  +------+
                         |  |      |  |
               +---------+  |      |  +----------+
               | +-------+--+------+--+-------+  |
               | |       |  |      |  |       |  |
               +----+     +----+    +----+     +----+
               |    |     |    |    |    |     |    |
               |AS2 |     |AS2 |    |AS3 |     |AS3 | Tier 2
               |    |     |    |    |    |     |    |
               +----+     +----+    +----+     +----+
               /  |         | |          |         |
              /  +---------+  |          |         |
              / / |           |          |         |
         +-----+  |  +-----+  |          | +-----+ |
         | AS6 |  +--| AS4 |--+          +-| AS5 |-+    Tier 3
         +-----+     +-----+               +-----+
           | |        | | |                 | | |

      < 2 Servers > < 3 Servers >       < 10 Servers >

     Figure 3: Clos topology with unequal number of servers per cluster

   In a regular ECMP environment, the tier 1 layer would see an ECMP
   path equally load-sharing across all four tier 2 paths.  This would
   cause the servers on the left part of the data center to be
   potentially overloaded, while the servers on the right will be
   underutilized.  By leveraging BGP link bandwidth extended community,
   the servers could add a link bandwidth to the advertised service
   prefix.  Another option is to add the extended community on the tier
   3 network devices as the routes are received from the servers or
   generated locally on the network devices.  If the link bandwidth
   value advertised for the service represents the server capacity for
   that service, each data center tier would aggregate the values up
   when sending the update to the higher tier.  The result would be a
   set of weighted load-sharing metrics at each tier allowing the
   network to distribute the flow load among the different servers in
   the most optimal way.

   *  AS4 has 3 servers and will advertise a link bandwidth of 3.

   *  AS6 has 2 servers and will advertise a link bandwidth of 2.

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   *  AS2 will aggregate link bandwidth values from AS6 and AS4 and will
      advertise a link bandwidth of 5 to AS1.

   *  AS5 has 10 servers and will advertise a link bandwidth of 10.  As
      AS5 is the only tier 3 cluster for AS3, AS3 will advertise the
      same value of 10 to AS1.

   *  AS1 can then perform a better load-balancing by using a ratio of
      1:2 between AS2 and AS3.

   If a server is added or removed to the service prefix, it would add
   or remove its link bandwidth value and the network would adjust
   accordingly.

   Same use case can be applied to a two tier clos-topology as described
   in Figure 4.  Tor1, Tor2 and Tor3 are in the same tier, i.e. the leaf
   tier.  Using the same considerations as in the previous example, the
   LB extended community value received by each of Spine1 and Spine2
   from Tor1 and Tor2 is in the ratio 3 to 10 respectively.  The spines
   will then aggregate the bandwidth, regenerate and advertise the LB
   extended community to Tor3.  Tor3 will do equal cost sharing to both
   the spines which in turn will do the traffic-splitting in the ratio 3
   to 10 when forwarding the traffic to the Tor1 and Tor2 respectively.

                       +------+
                       | Tor3 |      Tier 3
                       +------+
                        /   \
                  +----+     +-------+
                  |                  |
               +------+             +------+
               |      |             |      |
               |Spine1|             |Spine2|   Tier 2
               |      |             |      |
               +------+           +-+------+
                 |      \       /     |
                 |       - + - -      |
                 |      /       \     |
              +-----+- +          -+-----+
              |Tor1 |              |Tor2 |   Tier 3
              +-----+              +-----+
               | | |                | | |
          <- 3 Servers ->     <- 10 Servers ->

                    Figure 4: Clos Data Center Topology

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3.3.  External connectivity and top-down LB extended community
      propagation

   While, in [RFC7938] section 5.2.4., external connectivity module is
   described as a separate cluster with Tier 3 devices being WAN
   routers, it is much more common to extend connectivity to a regional
   aggregation block over Tier 1 layer, where a number of multiplanar
   Tier 1 blocks connect into regional aggregation blocks, extending
   commonly used 5-7 stages fabric by a number of additional stages
   instantiated within the regional aggregation block.  Consequently,
   external connectivity is implemented within the regional aggregation
   block.  The total BW available towards WAN is significantly lower
   than the total BW within the fabric.

   In Figure 5, we consider a datacenter topology with three tiers.
   Links in DC2 are not displayed to simplify the figure (DC1 topology
   is also collapsed).  All T3s connect to the two local T2s, all T2
   connects to both T1s.  All T1s connect to all aggregation routers for
   external connectivity.  In order to be able to load-share traffic in
   accordance to the capacity available towards DC1 aggregation blocks
   or the WAN, DC1 aggregate blocks and WAN routes are tagged with a BGP
   link bandwidth extended community.  For instance, each aggregation
   router advertises:

   *  WAN routes with a link bandwidth value corresponding to the
      bandwidth available to reach the WAN (for instance, the bandwidth
      of the link to the upstream WAN router).

   *  DC1 aggregate blocks with a link bandwidth value corresponding to
      the bandwidth available to reach DC1.

   The LB extended community is propagated top-down (to the tier 3) to
   DC2, reflecting the bandwidth available towards DC1 aggregation
   blocks and the WAN.  Any partial loss of connectivity to DC1 or the
   WAN will be reflected to DC2 devices which will adapt their weighted
   load-balancing.

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                     +-----------+
                    /              \
                   |     WAN        |
                    \              /
                     +------------+
                       /        \
              AGG1/3/5/7        AGG2/4/6/8
                  /     \     /    |
                 /        \ /       \
                /          |\         \                   DC2
           +---------+     |  +--+-------------------------------------+
           |         |-----+     |                                     |
           |   DC1   |           |       T1s                T1s        |
           |         |           |                                     |
           +---------+           |  T2        T2   |   T2        T2    |
                                 |                 |                   |
                                 | T3 T3    T3 T3  |  T3 T3     T3 T3  |
                                 +-------------------------------------+

               Figure 5: Data center external connectivity

   Considering Figure 6, each T1 router is connected to multiple
   aggregation router.  Each aggregation router advertises WAN routes
   with a BGP LB corresponding the bandwidth available to reach the WAN.
   If some T1 - AGG or AGG - WAN links fail, the weighted load-balancing
   is automatically adjusted on T1s according to the remaining BGP
   paths.  Each T1 updates the cumulative available bandwidth down to
   the T2s (sum of bandwidth of all paths from aggregation routers).
   T2s will do a similar processing when receiving paths from T1s,
   adjust their weighted load-balancing based on bandwidth present in
   the paths available from T1 and cumulate the bandwidth before
   advertising down to T3s.  Depending on the mesh density and the total
   bandwidth available within the fabric, DC devices may also consider
   their local link bandwidth in regards to the received BGP LB when
   computing the weighted load-balancing and performing the cumulation.

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                      WAN
         / /                    \ \
 Failed X |                     | |
        | |                     | |
  +-----------+              +-----------+
  |Agg routers|              |Agg routers|   |
  +-----------+              +-----------+   |
        |  \                    |  |         | WAN prefixes w/ BGP LB
        | +-\------------------/   X Failed  |
        | |  \                     |         |
        | |   \_________________   |         ↓
    +-------+                   \+-------+
    |  T1s  |                    |  T1s  |
    +-------+                    +-------+
        |   \ ____________________/ |
        |   /\                      |
        |  /  \___________________  |
        | /                       \ |
        |/                         \|
  +-----+-----+               +-----+------+
  | T2s | T2s |               | T2s |  T2s | each T2 connects to all T1s
  +-----+-----+               +-----+------+
    |      |                      |     |
     \    /                       \    /
     +-----+                     +-----+
     | T3s |                     | T3s |
     +-----+                     +-----+

   Figure 6: Data center external connectivity and internal failures

4.  Mechanisms to adjust BGP link bandwidth and path weights

   The use cases described earlier involve multiple ways to dynamically
   adjust the BGP link bandwidth value advertised or the value to be
   used for weighted load-balancing.  This section describes these
   mechanisms.

4.1.  Link bandwidth discovery

   BGP link extended community is usually set by either inbound or
   outbound route policy.  In case of directly connected BGP session, it
   may be desirable to set the link bandwidth value dynamically based on
   the actual bandwidth of interface used by the session.  The setting
   of the link bandwidth value based on interface bandwidth MAY be
   activated through a configuration knob and MAY be done for all
   prefixes or a subset of prefixes learned over the BGP session.  Upon

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   interface bandwidth change, BGP should update the link bandwidth
   value for the affected prefixes and adjust the weights accordingly.

4.2.  Contributing link bandwidth computation

   With the link bandwidth discovery, BGP may get link bandwidth value
   from two sources for a particular path:

   *  from BGP link bandwidth extended community received in the BGP
      update from the neighbor.  We call it the remote bandwidth in this
      document.

   *  from the discovered interface bandwidth over which the BGP session
      is established.  We call it the local link bandwidth in this
      document.

   In addition, as illustrated in the previous sections, BGP may have to
   consider a combination of the local link and remote bandwidth when
   computing the weights for weighted load-balancing.  Any function of
   the two may be used like for instance a "minimum" function that was
   highlighted in Section 1.  The weight of each path may then be based
   on either:

   *  Only the remote bandwidth

   *  Only the local link bandwidth

   *  A function of both

   This is controlled by a local configuration.  The resulting value is
   called contributing link bandwidth.  If contributing bandwidth is set
   to local link bandwidth but bandwidth is not learned from interface,
   the contributing bandwidth is considered as zero.  If contributing
   bandwidth is set to a function of local link and remote bandwidth,
   but the function cannot return a result, the contributing bandwidth
   is considered as zero.  If contributing bandwidth is set to remote
   bandwidth but no remote bandwidth is received, the contributing
   bandwidth is considered as zero.  By default, the contributing
   bandwidth is set to the remote bandwidth if present, if not, it is
   set to the local link bandwidth and if local link bandwidth is not
   available, it is set to zero.  [NOTE: IS THAT TRUE IN OUR CASE ?]

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   [I-D.ietf-idr-link-bandwidth] mandates all BGP paths of a prefix and
   being part of the multipath to have BGP LB extended community with a
   non-zero value to perform weighted load-balancing.  Otherwise the
   behavior is determined by local policy.  This document updates this
   behavior as follows.  If all of these conditions are met, weighted
   load-balancing can be done otherwise behavior is determined by local
   policy:

   *  all BGP paths of a prefix MUST have a non-zero contributing
      bandwidth.

   *  for consistency reason, all BGP paths of a prefix MUST use a
      contributing bandwidth based on the same source (e.g.: all paths
      are using contributing bandwidth from the same function).

4.3.  Cumulating link bandwidth

   Cumulation of link bandwidth is the action of performing the sum of
   the bandwidth associated to each BGP path of a prefix (being part of
   multipath).  The cumulation is done when advertising the LB to a
   neighbor and if nexthop is modified in accordance to
   [I-D.ietf-idr-link-bandwidth].  Cumulation is optional and MAY be
   enabled for all prefixes or only a subset of prefixes by using
   configuration knobs.  It may also be controlled on a per-neighbor
   basis.

   By default, cumulation SHOULD be done based on the contributing
   bandwidth of each path, hence, the device will advertise a bandwidth
   value which is aligned with the total bandwidth that it takes into
   account during weighted load-balancing.  This behavior may be
   modified by a local configuration, so cumulation can be done only
   based on local link bandwidth for instance.

   When performing cumulation, if one of the paths has no bandwidth
   information on which the cumulation is based (e.g. contributing
   bandwidth or local link bandwidth), its bandwidth is considered as
   zero.

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      P/m
         Path1:
           NH=R1, Link-BW extended-community: 1000Mbps,
           local-link-bandwidth: 2000Mbps, contributing-bandwidth: 2000
           best, multipath

         Path2:
           NH=R2, Link-BW extended-community: 2000Mbps,
           local-link-bandwidth: 2000Mbps, contributing-bandwidth: 4000
           multipath

         Path3:
           NH=R3, Link-BW extended-community: 3000Mbps,
           multipath

   Considering the prefix P/m and BGP paths described above and that P/m
   must be advertised to an eBGP neighbor R4 with cumulation of link
   bandwidth:

   *  if cumulation is configured to be based on remote bandwidth, P/m
      will be advertised with a BGP link bandwidth extended community
      with a value of 6000 Mbps

   *  if cumulation is configured to be based on local link bandwidth,
      P/m will be advertised with a BGP link bandwidth extended
      community with a value of 4000 Mbps.  Path3 does not have a local
      link bandwidth so its local link bandwidth is considered as zero.

   *  if cumulation is configured to be based on contributing bandwidth,
      P/m will be advertised with a BGP link bandwidth extended
      community with a value of 6000.  Path3 does not have a
      contributing bandwidth so its is considered as zero.

5.  Operational Considerations

   Some of the use cases present earlier are applicable to many address
   families such as L3VPN [RFC4364] , IPv4 with labeled unicast
   [RFC8277] and EVPN [RFC7432].

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   In topologies and implementation where there is an option to
   advertise all multipaths eligible paths ([RFC7911]) to BGP peers
   (i.e. 'ecmp' form of additional-path advertisement is enabled), when
   next-hop is changed during advertisement of these multiple paths,
   cumulated link bandwidth advertisement may not be required or may be
   redundant since the receiving BGP speaker receives the link bandwidth
   extended community values with all eligible paths, so the aggregate
   link bandwidth is effectively received by the downstream BGP speaker
   and can be used in the local computation to affect the forwarding
   behaviour.  This assumes the additional paths are advertised with
   next-hop self.

   Propagation of the BGP link bandwidth, taking into account local link
   bandwidth and with cumulation happening at multiple stages (e.g.: at
   every tier of a DC) has the benefit of providing the end-to-end view
   of the bandwidth available through the path.  However, it has the
   drawback of creating additional churn within the BGP control plane.
   In Figure 6, any link failure (e.g: aggregation router to WAN, T1 -
   T2,...) will trigger a link bandwidth attribute value change and a
   new BGP update to be sent.  Implementation MAY provide local
   mechanisms to suppress some advertisements (e.g.: don't advertise if
   bandwidth change is less than x %).

6.  Security Considerations

   This document raises no new security issues compared to
   [I-D.ietf-idr-link-bandwidth].

   *  The discovery of bandwidth by BGP from an interface is not a
      security concern.  Fast interfaces flaps (that may be created by
      an attacker) may be damped by existing mechanisms so events are
      not reported to BGP.  As mentioned in Section 5, implementations
      may also provide suppression mechanisms to avoid propagation of
      bandwidth updates churn throughout the network.

   *  Choice of source of information for getting the contributing
      bandwidth of a path is a local configuration and is not a vector
      of attack.  An attacker having access to the device configuration
      could create far more damages than just manipulating this
      configuration.

   *  Cumulation of bandwidth during advertisement is nothing more than
      applying a new value to the LB extended community.  This is not
      considered as a security threat.

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7.  Acknowledgements

   Viral Patel did substantial work on an implementation along with the
   first author.  The authors would like to thank Acee Lindem, Jakob
   Heitz, Swadesh Agrawal, Serge Krier for their help in reviewing the
   draft and valuable suggestions.  The authors would like to thank
   Shyam Sethuram, Sameer Gulrajani, Nitin Kumar, Keyur Patel and Juan
   Alcaide for discussions related to the draft.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-idr-link-bandwidth]
              Mohapatra, P., Das, R., Satya, M. R., Krier, S., Szarecki,
              R. J., and A. Gattani, "BGP Link Bandwidth Extended
              Community", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              idr-link-bandwidth-17, 10 September 2025,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-idr-
              link-bandwidth-17>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC7938]  Lapukhov, P., Premji, A., and J. Mitchell, Ed., "Use of
              BGP for Routing in Large-Scale Data Centers", RFC 7938,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7938, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7938>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

8.2.  Informative References

   [RFC4364]  Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
              Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, DOI 10.17487/RFC4364, February
              2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4364>.

   [RFC7432]  Sajassi, A., Ed., Aggarwal, R., Bitar, N., Isaac, A.,
              Uttaro, J., Drake, J., and W. Henderickx, "BGP MPLS-Based
              Ethernet VPN", RFC 7432, DOI 10.17487/RFC7432, February
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7432>.

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   [RFC7911]  Walton, D., Retana, A., Chen, E., and J. Scudder,
              "Advertisement of Multiple Paths in BGP", RFC 7911,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7911, July 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7911>.

   [RFC8277]  Rosen, E., "Using BGP to Bind MPLS Labels to Address
              Prefixes", RFC 8277, DOI 10.17487/RFC8277, October 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8277>.

Authors' Addresses

   Stephane Litkowski (editor)
   Cisco
   Email: slitkows@cisco.com

   Satya Ranjan Mohanty (editor)
   Zscaler
   120 Holgers Way
   San Jose, CA 95134
   United States of America
   Email: smohanty@zscaler.com

   Arie Vayner
   Google
   1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
   Mountain View, CA 94043
   United States of America
   Email: avayner@google.com

   Akshay Gattani
   Arista Networks
   5453 Great America Parkway
   Santa Clara, CA 95054
   United States of America
   Email: akshay@arista.com

   Ajay Kini
   Arista Networks
   5453 Great America Parkway
   Santa Clara, CA 95054
   United States of America
   Email: ajkini@arista.com

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   Jeff Tantsura
   Nvidia
   Email: jefftant.ietf@gmail.com

   Reshma Das
   Juniper Networks Inc.
   Email: dreshma@juniper.net

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