Requirements for Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Signaling Usage and Extensions for Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-ason-reqts-07

Network Working Group                       D. Papadimitriou (Alcatel) 
Internet Draft                                      J. Drake (Calient) 
Category: Informational                                   J. Ash (ATT) 
Expiration Date: April 2005             A. Farrel (Old Dog Consulting) 
                                                        L. Ong (Ciena) 
                                                                       
                                                          October 2004 
    
    
         Requirements for Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Signaling Usage 
     and Extensions for Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) 
    
                 draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-ason-reqts-07.txt 
    
    
Status of this Memo 
    
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   of section 3 of RFC 3667.  By submitting this Internet-Draft, each 
   author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of 
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   which he or she become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with 
   RFC 3668. 
    
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Copyright Notice 
    
   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved. 
    
    
Abstract 
    
   The Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) suite of 
   protocols has been defined to control different switching 
   technologies as well as different applications. These include support 
   for requesting Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) connections including 
   Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 
   (SDH) and Optical Transport Networks (OTNs). 
    
 
 
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   This document concentrates on the signaling aspects of the GMPLS 
   suite of protocols. It identifies the features to be covered by the 
   GMPLS signaling protocol to support the capabilities of an 
   Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON). This document provides 
   a problem statement and additional requirements on the GMPLS 
   signaling protocol to support the ASON functionality. 
    
1. Conventions used in this document 
    
   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this 
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 
    
   While [RFC2119] describes interpretations of these key words in terms 
   of protocol specifications and implementations, they are used in this 
   document to describe design requirements for protocol extensions. 
    
2. Introduction 
    
   The Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) suite of 
   protocol specifications provides support for controlling different 
   switching technologies as well as different applications. These 
   include support for requesting Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 
   connections including Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)/Synchronous 
   Digital Hierarchy (SDH) (see ANSI T1.105 and ITU-T G.707, 
   respectively) as well as Optical Transport Networks (see ITU-T 
   G.709). In addition, there are certain capabilities that are needed 
   to support Automatically Switched Optical Networks control planes 
   (their architecture is defined in [ITU-T G.8080]). These include 
   generic capabilities such as call and connection separation, and more 
   specific capabilities such as support of soft permanent connections. 
    
   This document concentrates on requirements related to the signaling 
   aspects of the GMPLS suite of protocols. It discusses functional 
   requirements required to support Automatically Switched Optical 
   Networks that may lead to additional extensions to GMPLS signaling 
   (see [RFC3471] and [RFC3473]) to support these capabilities. In 
   addition to ASON signaling requirements, this document includes GMPLS 
   signaling requirements regarding backward compatibility (Section 5). 
   A terminology section is provided in the Appendix. 
    
3. Problem Statement
    
   The Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) architecture 
   describes the application of an automated control plane for 
   supporting both call and connection management services (for a 
   detailed description see [ITU-T G.8080]). The ASON architecture 
   describes a reference architecture, i.e. it describes functional 
   components, abstract interfaces, and interactions. 
    
   The ASON model distinguishes reference points (representing points of 
   information exchange) defined (1) between a user (service requester) 
 
 
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   and a service provider control domain a.k.a. user-network interface 
   (UNI), (2) between control domains a.k.a. external network-network 
   interface (E-NNI) and, (3) within a control domain a.k.a. internal 
   network-network interface (I-NNI). The I-NNI and E-NNI interfaces are 
   between protocol controllers, and may or may not use transport plane 
   (physical) links. It must not be assumed that there is a one-to-one 
   relationship of control plane interfaces and transport plane 
   (physical) links, or that there is a one-to-one relationship of 
   control plane entities and transport plane entities, or that there is 
   a one-to-one relationship of control plane identifiers for transport 
   plane resources. 
    
   This document describes requirements related to the use of GMPLS 
   signaling (in particular, [RFC3471] and [RFC3473]) to provide call 
   and connection management (see [ITU-T G.7713]). The functionality to 
   be supported includes: 
      (a) soft permanent connection capability 
      (b) call and connection separation 
      (c) call segments 
      (d) extended restart capabilities during control plane failures 
      (e) extended label association 
      (f) crankback capability 
      (g) additional error cases. 
    
4. Requirements for Extending Applicability of GMPLS to ASON 
    
   The next sections detail the signaling protocol requirements for 
   GMPLS to support the ASON functions listed in Section 3. ASON defines 
   a reference model and functions (information elements) to enable end-
   to-end call and connection support by a protocol across the 
   respective interfaces, regardless of the particular choice of 
   protocol(s) used in a network. ASON does not restrict the use of 
   other protocols or the protocol-specific messages used to support the 
   ASON functions. Therefore, the support of these ASON functions by a 
   protocol shall not be restricted by (i.e. must be strictly 
   independent of and agnostic to) any particular choice of UNI, I-NNI, 
   or E-NNI used elsewhere in the network. In order to allow for 
   interworking between different protocol implementations, [ITU-T 
   G.7713] recognizes an interworking function may be needed. 
    
   In support of the G.8080 end-to-end call model across different 
   control domains, end-to-end signaling should be facilitated 
   regardless of the administrative boundaries, protocols within the 
   network or method of realization of connections within any part of 
   the network. This implies that there needs to be a clear mapping of 
   ASON signaling requests between GMPLS control domains and non-GMPLS 
   control domains. This document provides signaling requirements for 
   G.8080 distributed call and connection management based on GMPLS, 
   within a GMPLS based control domain (I-NNI) and between GMPLS based 
   control domains (E-NNI). It does not restrict use of other (non 
   GMPLS) protocols to be used within a control domain or as an E-NNI or 
   UNI. Interworking aspects related to the use of non-GMPLS protocols 
 
 
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   as UNI, E-NNI, or I-NNI, including mapping of non-GMPLS protocol 
   signaling requests to corresponding ASON signaling functionality and 
   support of non-GMPLS address formats, is not within the scope of the 
   GMPLS signaling protocol. Interworking aspects are implementation-
   specific and strictly under the responsibility of the interworking 
   function, and thus outside the scope of this document. 
    
   Any User-Network Interface (UNI) that is compliant with [RFC3473], 
   e.g. [GMPLS-OVERLAY] and [GMPLS-VPN] is considered, by definition, to 
   be included within the GMPLS suite of protocols and MUST be supported 
   by the ASON GMPLS signaling functionality. 
    
   Compatibility aspects of non-GMPLS systems (nodes) within a GMPLS 
   control domain i.e. the support of GMPLS systems and other systems 
   which utilize other signaling protocols or some which may not support 
   any signaling protocols is described. For instance, Section 4.5 
   'Support for Extended Label Association' covers the requirements when 
   a non-GMPLS capable sub-network is introduced or when nodes do not 
   support any signaling protocols. 
    
4.1 Support for Soft Permanent Connection (SPC) Capability 
    
   An SPC is a combination of a permanent connection at the source user-
   to-network side, a permanent connection at the destination user-to-
   network side, and a switched connection within the network. An 
   Element Management System (EMS) or a Network Management System (NMS) 
   typically initiates the establishment of the switched connection by 
   communicating with the node that initiates the switched connection 
   (also known as the ingress node). The latter then sets the connection 
   using the distributed GMPLS signaling protocol. For the SPC, the 
   communication method between the EMS/NMS and the ingress node is 
   beyond the scope of this document (so it is for any other function 
   described in this document). 
    
   The end-to-end connection is thus created by associating the incoming 
   interface of the ingress node with the switched connection within the 
   network, and the outgoing interface of the switched connection 
   terminating network node (also referred to as egress node). An SPC 
   connection is illustrated in the following Figure. This shows user's 
   node A connected to a provider's node B via link #1, user's node Z 
   connected to a provider's node Y via link #3, and an abstract link #2 
   connecting provider's node B and node Y. Nodes B and Y are referred 
   to as the ingress and egress (respectively) of the network switched 
   connection. 
    
       ---       ---                 ---       --- 
      | A |--1--| B |-----2-//------| Y |--3--| Z | 
       ---       ---                 ---       --- 
    
   In this instance, the connection on link #1 and link #3 are both 
   provisioned (permanent connections that may be simple links). In 
   contrast, the connection over link #2 is set up using the distributed 
 
 
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   control plane. Thus the SPC is composed of the stitching of link #1, 
   #2 and #3. 
    
   Thus, to support the capability to request an SPC connection: 
   - The GMPLS signaling protocol MUST be capable of supporting the 
     ability to indicate the outgoing link and label information used 
     when setting up the destination provisioned connection. 
   - In addition, due to the inter-domain applicability of ASON 
     networks, the GMPLS signaling protocol SHOULD also support 
     indication of the service level requested for the SPC. In the case 
     where an SPC spans multiple domains, indication of both source and 
     destination endpoints controlling the SPC request MAY be needed. 
     These MAY be done via the source and destination signaling  
     controller addresses. 
    
   Note that the association at the ingress node between the permanent 
   connection and the switched connection is an implementation matter 
   that may be under the control of the EMS/NMS and is not within the 
   scope of the signaling protocol. It is, therefore, outside the scope 
   of this document. 
    
4.2 Support for Call and Connection Separation 
    
   A call may be simply described as "An association between endpoints 
   that supports an instance of a service" [ITU-T G.8080]. Thus, it can 
   be considered as a service provided between two end-points, where 
   several calls may exist between them. Multiple connections may be 
   associated to each call. The call concept provides an abstract 
   relationship between two users, where this relationship describes (or 
   verifies) to what extent the users are willing to offer (or accept) 
   service to each other. Therefore, a call does not provide the actual 
   connectivity for transmitting user traffic, but only builds a 
   relationship by which subsequent connections may be made. 
    
   A call MAY be associated with zero, one or multiple connections. For 
   the same call, connections MAY be of different types and each 
   connection MAY exist independently of other connections, i.e., each 
   connection is setup and released with separate signaling messages. 
    
   The concept of the call allows for a better flexibility in how end- 
   points set up connections and how networks offer services to users. 
   For example, a call allows: 
   - An upgrade strategy for control plane operations, where a call 
     control component (service provisioning) may be separate from the 
     actual nodes hosting the connections (where the connection control 
     component may reside) 
   - Identification of the call initiator (with both network call 
     controller as well as destination user) prior to connection, which 
     may result in decreasing contention during resource reservation 
   - General treatment of multiple connections which may be associated 
     for several purposes; for example a pair of working and recovery 
     connections may belong to the same call. 
 
 
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   To support the introduction of the call concept, GMPLS signaling 
   SHOULD include a call identification mechanism and SHOULD allow for 
   end-to-end call capability exchange. 
    
   For instance, a feasible structure for the call identifier (to 
   guarantee global uniqueness) MAY concatenate a globally unique fixed 
   ID (e.g., may be composed of country code, carrier code) with an 
   operator specific ID (where the operator specific ID may be composed 
   of a unique access point code - such as source node address - and a 
   local identifier). Other formats SHALL also be possible depending on 
   the call identification conventions between parties involved in the 
   call setup process. 
 
4.3 Support for Call Segments 
    
   As described in [ITU-T G.8080], call segmentation MAY be applied when 
   a call crosses several control domains. As such, an end-to-end call 
   MAY consist of multiple call segments, when the call traverses 
   multiple control domains. For a given end-to-end call, each call 
   segment MAY have one or more associated connections and the number of 
   connections associated with each call segment MAY be different. 
    
   The initiating caller interacts with the called party by means of one 
   or more intermediate network call controllers located at control 
   domain boundaries (i.e., at inter-domain reference points, UNI or E-
   NNI). Call segment capabilities are defined by the policies 
   associated at these reference points. 
    
   This capability allows for independent (policy based) choices of 
   signaling, concatenation, data plane protection and control plane 
   driven recovery paradigms in different control domains. 
    
4.4 Support for Extended Restart Capabilities  
    
   Various types of failures may occur affecting the ASON control plane. 
   Requirements placed on the control plane failure recovery by [ITU-T 
   G.8080] include: 
    
   - Any control plane failure (i.e. single or multiple control channel  
     and/or controller failure and any combination) MUST NOT result in  
     releasing established calls and connections (including the  
     corresponding transport plane connections). 
    
   - Upon recovery from a control plane failure, the recovered control 
     entity MUST have the ability to recover the status of the calls 
     and connections established before failure occurrence. 
    
   - Upon recovery from a control plane failure, the recovered control 
     entity MUST have the ability to recover the connectivity 
     information of its neighbors. 
    
 
 
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   - Upon recovery from a control plane failure, the recovered control 
     entity MUST have the ability to recover the association between 
     the call and its associated connections. 
    
   - Upon recovery from a control plane failure, calls and connections 
     in the process of being established (i.e. pending call/connection 
     setup requests) SHOULD be released or continued (with setup). 
    
   - Upon recovery from a control plane failure, calls and connections 
     in the process of being released MUST be released. 
    
4.5 Support for Extended Label Association 
    
   It is an ASON requirement to enable support for G.805 serial compound 
   links. The text below provides an illustrative example of such a 
   scenario, and the associated requirements. 
    
   Labels are defined in GMPLS (see [RFC3471]) to provide information on 
   the resources used on link local basis for a particular connection. 
   The labels may range from specifying a particular timeslot, a 
   particular wavelength to a particular port/fiber. In the ASON 
   context, the value of a label may not be consistently the same across 
   a link. For example, the figure below illustrates the case where two 
   GMPLS capable nodes (A and Z) are interconnected across two non-GMPLS 
   capable nodes (B and C), where these nodes are all SONET/SDH nodes 
   providing, e.g., a VC-4 service. 
    
       -----                     ----- 
      |     |    ---     ---    |     | 
      |  A  |---| B |---| C |---|  Z  | 
      |     |    ---     ---    |     | 
       -----                     ----- 
    
   Labels have an associated implicit imposed structure based on  
   [GMPLS-SONET] and [GMPLS-OTN]. Thus, once the local label is 
   exchanged with its neighboring control plane node, the structure of 
   the local label may not be significant to the neighbor node since the 
   association between the local and the remote label may not 
   necessarily be the same. This issue does not present a problem in 
   simple point-to-point connections between two control plane-enabled 
   nodes where the timeslots are mapped 1:1 across the interface. 
   However, once a non-GMPLS capable sub-network is introduced between 
   these nodes (as in the above figure, where the sub-network provides 
   re-arrangement capability for the timeslots) label scoping may become 
   an issue. 
    
   In this context, there is an implicit assumption that the data plane 
   connections between the GMPLS capable edges already exist prior to 
   any connection request. For instance, node A's outgoing VC-4's 
   timeslot #1 (with SUKLM label=[1,0,0,0,0]) as defined in [GMPLS-
   SONET]) may be mapped onto node B's outgoing VC-4's timeslot #6 
   (label=[6,0,0,0,0]) may be mapped onto node C's outgoing VC-4's 
 
 
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   timeslot #4 (label=[4,0,0,0,0]). Thus by the time node Z receives the 
   request from node A with label=[1,0,0,0,0], the node Z's local label 
   and the timeslot no longer corresponds to the received label and 
   timeslot information. 
    
   As such, to support this capability, a label association mechanism 
   SHOULD be used by the control plane node to map the received (remote) 
   label into a locally significant label. The information necessary to 
   allow mapping from received label value to a locally significant 
   label value can be derived in several ways including: 
   - Manual provisioning of the label association 
   - Discovery of the label association 
    
   Either method MAY be used. In case of dynamic association, this 
   implies that the discovery mechanism operates at the timeslot/label 
   level before the connection request is processed at the ingress node. 
   Note that in the case where two nodes are directly connected, no 
   association is required. In particular, for directly connected TDM 
   interfaces no mapping function (at all) is required due to the 
   implicit label structure (see [GMPLS-SONET] and [GMPLS-OTN]). In such 
   instances, the label association function provides a one-to-one 
   mapping of the received to local label values. 
    
4.6 Support for Crankback 
    
   Crankback has been identified as an important requirement for ASON 
   networks. It allows a connection setup request to be retried on an 
   alternate path that detours around a blocked link or node upon a 
   setup failure, for instance, because a link or a node along the 
   selected path has insufficient resources. 
    
   Crankback mechanisms MAY also be applied during connection recovery 
   by indicating the location of the failed link or node. This would 
   significantly improve the successful recovery ratio for failed 
   connections, especially in situations where a large number of setup 
   requests are simultaneously triggered. 
    
   The following mechanisms are assumed during crankback signaling: 
   - the blocking resource (link or node) MUST be identified and 
     returned in the error response message towards the repair node 
     (that may or may not be the ingress node); it is also assumed that 
     this process will occur within a limited period of time 
   - the computation (from the repair node) of an alternate path around 
     the blocking link or node that satisfies the initial connection 
     constraints 
   - the re-initiation of the connection setup request from the repair 
     node (i.e. the node that has intercepted and processed the error 
     response message) 
    
   The following properties are expected for crankback signaling: 
   - Error information persistence: the entity that computes the 
     alternate (re-routing) path SHOULD store the identifiers of the 
 
 
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     blocking resources as indicated in the error message until the 
     connection is successfully established or until the node abandons 
     rerouting attempts. Since crankback may happen more than once 
     while establishing a specific connection, the history of all 
     experienced blockages for this connection SHOULD be maintained (at 
     least until the routing protocol updates the state of this 
     information) to perform an accurate path computation avoiding all 
     blockages. 
   - Rerouting attempts limitation: to prevent an endless repetition of 
     connection setup attempts (using crankback information), the 
     number of retries SHOULD be strictly limited. The maximum number of  
     crankback rerouting attempts allowed MAY be limited per connection  
     or per node: 
     - When the number of retries at a particular node is exceeded, the  
       node currently handling the failure reports the error message  
       upstream to the next repair node where further rerouting attempts  
       MAY be performed. It is important that the crankback information  
       provided indicates that re-routing through this node will not  
       succeed. 
     - When the maximum number of retries for a specific connection 
       has been exceeded, the repair node handling the current 
       failure SHOULD send an error message upstream indicating 
       "Maximum number of re-routings exceeded". This error message 
       will be sent back to the ingress node with no further 
       rerouting attempts. Then, the ingress node MAY choose to 
       retry the connection setup according to local policy but also 
       re-use its original path or compute a path that avoids the 
       blocking resources. 
    
     Note: after several retries, a given repair point MAY be unable to 
     compute a path to the destination node that avoids all of the 
     blockages. In this case, it MUST pass the error message upstream to 
     the next repair point. 
     
4.7 Support for Additional Error Cases 
    
   To support the ASON network, the following additional category of 
   error cases are defined: 
   - Errors associated with basic call and soft permanent connection 
     support. For example, these MAY include incorrect assignment of 
     IDs for the Call or an invalid interface ID for the soft permanent 
     connection. 
   - Errors associated with policy failure during processing of the new 
     call and soft permanent connection capabilities. These MAY include 
     unauthorized request for the particular capability. 
   - Errors associated with incorrect specification of the service 
     level. 
    
5. Backward Compatibility 
    

 
 
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   As noted above, in support of GMPLS protocol requirements, any 
   extensions to the GMPLS signaling protocol in support of the 
   requirements described in this document MUST be backward compatible.  
    
   Backward compatibility means that in a network of nodes, some of 
   which support GMPLS signaling extensions to facilitate the functions 
   described in this document, and some of which do not, it MUST be 
   possible to set up conventional connections (as described by [RFC 
   3473]) between any arbitrary pair of nodes and traversing any 
   arbitrary set of nodes. Further, the use of any GMPLS signaling 
   extensions to set up calls or connections that support the functions 
   described in this document MUST not perturb existing conventional 
   connections. 
    
   Additionally, when transit nodes, that do not need to participate in 
   the new functions described in this document, lie on the path of a 
   call or connection, the GMPLS signaling extensions MUST be such that 
   those transit nodes are able to participate in the establishment of 
   the call or connection by passing the setup information onwards, 
   unmodified. 
    
   Lastly, when a transit or egress node is called upon to support a 
   function described in this document, but does not, the GMPLS 
   signaling extensions MUST be such that they can be rejected by pre-
   existing GMPLS signaling mechanisms in a way that is not detrimental 
   to the network as a whole. 
    
6. Security Considerations 
    
   Per [ITU-T G.8080], it is not possible to establish a connection in 
   advance of call setup completion. Also, policy and authentication 
   procedures are applied prior to the establishment of the call (and 
   can then also be restricted to connection establishment in the 
   context of this call). 
    
   This document introduces no new security requirements to GMPLS 
   signaling (see [RFC3471]). 
 
7. Acknowledgements 
    
   The authors would like to thank Nic Larkin, Osama Aboul-Magd and 
   Dimitrios Pendarakis for their contribution to the previous version 
   of this document, Zhi-Wei Lin for his contribution to this document, 
   Deborah Brungard for her input and guidance in our understanding of 
   the ASON model, and Gert Grammel for his decryption effort during the 
   reduction of some parts of this document. 
    
8. References 
    
8.1 Normative References 
    
   [RFC2026]     S.Bradner, "The Internet Standards Process --          
 
 
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                 Revision 3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.            
    
   [RFC2119]     S.Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate      
                 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.     
    
   [RFC3209]     D.Awduche et al., "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for     
                 LSP Tunnels," RFC 3209, December 2001.                 
    
   [RFC3471]     L.Berger (Editor) et al., "Generalized Multi-          
                 Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) - Signaling           
                 Functional Description," RFC 3471, January 2003.       
    
   [RFC3473]     L.Berger (Editor) et al., "Generalized Multi-Protocol  
                 Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling - Resource           
                 ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE)     
                 Extensions," RFC 3473, January 2003.  
                 
   [RFC3667]     S.Bradner, "IETF Rights in Contributions", BCP 78, 
                 RFC 3667, February 2004. 
                 
   [RFC3668]     S.Bradner, Ed., "Intellectual Property Rights in IETF 
                 Technology", BCP 79, RFC 3668, February 2004.                     
                            
8.2 Informative References 
    
   [GMPLS-OTN]    D.Papadimitriou (Editor), "GMPLS Signaling Extensions  
                  for G.709 Optical Transport Networks Control," Work    
                  in progress, draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-g709-08.txt, 
                  September 2004. 
                 
   [GMPLS-OVERLAY]G.Swallow et al., "GMPLS RSVP Support for Overlay      
                  Model," Work in Progress, draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-      
                  overlay-05.txt, October 2004. 
                   
   [GMPLS-SONET]  E.Mannie and D.Papadimitriou (Editors), "GMPLS         
                  Extensions for SONET and SDH Control, Work in          
                  Progress," draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-sonet-sdh-08.txt,    
                  February 2003. 
                 
   [GMPLS-VPN]    H.Ould-Brahim and Y.Rekhter (Editors), "GVPN Services:  
                  Generalized VPN Services using BGP and GMPLS           
                  Toolkit," Work in Progress, draft-ouldbrahim-ppvpn-    
                  gvpn-bgpgmpls-05.txt, May 2004. 
    
   For information on the availability of the following documents, 
   please see http://www.itu.int.  
    
   [ITU-T G.7713] ITU-T "Distributed Call and Connection Management,"  
                  Recommentation G.7713/Y.1304, November 2001. 
    
   [ITU-T G.8080] ITU-T "Architecture for the Automatically Switched  
                  Optical Network (ASON)," Recommendation G.8080/    
 
 
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                  Y.1304, November 2001 (and Revision, January 2003). 
                 
9. Author's Addresses 
    
   Dimitri Papadimitriou (Alcatel) 
   Francis Wellesplein 1, 
   B-2018 Antwerpen, Belgium 
   Phone: +32 3 2408491 
   EMail: dimitri.papadimitriou@alcatel.be 
 
   John Drake (Calient) 
   5853 Rue Ferrari,  
   San Jose, CA 95138, USA 
   EMail: jdrake@calient.net 
    
   Adrian Farrel  
   Old Dog Consulting 
   Phone:  +44 (0) 1978 860944 
   EMail: adrian@olddog.co.uk 
    
   Gerald R. Ash (ATT) 
   AT&T Labs, Room MT D5-2A01 
   200 Laurel Avenue 
   Middletown, NJ 07748, USA 
   EMail: gash@att.com 
    
   Lyndon Ong (Ciena) 
   5965 Silver Creek Valley Road 
   San Jose, CA 95138, USA 
   EMail: lyong@ciena.com 

 
 
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Appendix - Terminology 
    
   This document makes use of the following terms: 
    
   Administrative domain: See Recommendation G.805. 
    
   Call: association between endpoints that supports an instance of a 
   service.  
    
   Connection: concatenation of link connections and sub-network 
   connections that allows the transport of user information between the 
   ingress and egress points of a sub-network. 
    
   Control plane: performs the call control and connection control 
   functions. Through signaling, the control plane sets up and releases 
   connections, and may restore a connection in case of a failure. 
    
   (Control) Domain: represents a collection of entities that are 
   grouped for a particular purpose. G.8080 applies this G.805 
   recommendation concept (that defines two particular forms, the 
   administrative domain and the management domain) to the control plane 
   in the form of a control domain. The entities that are grouped in a 
   control domain are components of the control plane. 
    
   External NNI (E-NNI): interfaces are located between protocol 
   controllers between control domains. 
    
   Internal NNI (I-NNI): interfaces are located between protocol 
   controllers within control domains. 
    
   Link: See Recommendation G.805.  
    
   Management plane: performs management functions for the Transport 
   Plane, the control plane and the system as a whole. It also provides 
   coordination between all the planes. The following management 
   functional areas are performed in the management plane: performance, 
   fault, configuration, accounting and security management 
    
   Management domain: See Recommendation G.805. 
    
   Transport plane: provides bi-directional or unidirectional transfer 
   of user information, from one location to another. It can also 
   provide transfer of some control and network management information. 
   The Transport Plane is layered; it is equivalent to the Transport 
   Network defined in G.805. 
    
   User Network Interface (UNI): interfaces are located between protocol 
   controllers between a user and a control domain.   
    
    
    
    
 
 
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