Media over QUIC Transport
draft-ietf-moq-transport-03
| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (moq WG) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Luke Curley , Kirill Pugin , Suhas Nandakumar , Victor Vasiliev , Ian Swett | ||
| Last updated | 2024-03-04 | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Intended RFC status | (None) | ||
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| Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
| Stream | WG state | WG Document | |
| Document shepherd | (None) | ||
| IESG | IESG state | I-D Exists | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Unknown | ||
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| Send notices to | (None) |
draft-ietf-moq-transport-03
MOQ L. Curley
Internet-Draft Discord
Intended status: Standards Track K. Pugin
Expires: 5 September 2024 Meta
S. Nandakumar
Cisco
V. Vasiliev
I. Swett, Ed.
Google
4 March 2024
Media over QUIC Transport
draft-ietf-moq-transport-03
Abstract
This document defines the core behavior for Media over QUIC Transport
(MOQT), a media transport protocol designed to operate over QUIC and
WebTransport, which have similar functionality. MOQT allows a
producer of media to publish data and have it consumed via
subscription by a multiplicity of endpoints. It supports
intermediate content distribution networks and is designed for high
scale and low latency distribution.
Discussion Venues
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this document takes place on the Media Over QUIC
Working Group mailing list (moq@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/moq/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/moq-wg/moq-transport.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 5 September 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
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provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.1. Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.2. Leveraging QUIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.3. Universal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.4. Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3. Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2. Object Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1. Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2. Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3. Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.1. Track Naming and Scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.2. Connection URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1. Session establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.1. WebTransport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.2. QUIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2. Version and Extension Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3. Session initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.4. Stream Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.5. Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.6. Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4. Prioritization and Congestion Response . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.1. Order Priorities and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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4.1.1. Proposal - Send Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.1.2. Proposal - Ordering by Priorities . . . . . . . . . . 14
5. Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.1. Subscriber Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2. Publisher Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3. Congestion Response at Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.4. Relay Object Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6. Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.1. Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.1.1. Version Specific Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.2. CLIENT_SETUP and SERVER_SETUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.2.1. Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.2.2. Setup Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.3. OBJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.3.1. Canonical Object Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.3.2. Object Message Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.3.3. Multi-Object Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.3.4. Examples: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4. SUBSCRIBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.4.1. Subscribe Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.4.2. SUBSCRIBE Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.4.3. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.5. SUBSCRIBE_OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.6. SUBSCRIBE_ERROR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.7. UNSUBSCRIBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.8. SUBSCRIBE_DONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.9. ANNOUNCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.10. ANNOUNCE_OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.11. ANNOUNCE_ERROR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.12. UNANNOUNCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.13. ANNOUNCE_CANCEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.14. GOAWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.1. Resource Exhaustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
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1. Introduction
Media Over QUIC Transport (MOQT) is a protocol that is optimized for
the QUIC protocol [QUIC], either directly or via WebTransport
[WebTransport], for the dissemination of media. MOQT utilizes a
publish/subscribe workflow in which producers of media publish data
in response to subscription requests from a multiplicity of
endpoints. MOQT supports wide range of use-cases with different
resiliency and latency (live, interactive) needs without compromising
the scalability and cost effectiveness associated with content
delivery networks.
MOQT is a generic protocol is designed to work in concert with
multiple MoQ Streaming Formats. These MoQ Streaming Formats define
how content is encoded, packaged, and mapped to MOQT objects, along
with policies for discovery and subscription.
* Section 2 describes the object model employed by MOQT.
* Section 3 covers aspects of setting up a MOQT session.
* Section 4 covers protocol considerations on prioritization schemes
and congestion response overall.
* Section 5 covers behavior at the relay entities.
* Section 6 covers how messages are encoded on the wire.
1.1. Motivation
The development of MOQT is driven by goals in a number of areas -
specifically latency, the robustness of QUIC, workflow efficiency and
relay support.
1.1.1. Latency
HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) has been successful at achieving scale
although often at the cost of latency. Latency is necessary to
correct for variable network throughput. Ideally live content is
consumed at the same bitrate it is produced. End-to-end latency
would be fixed and only subject to encoding and transmission delays.
Unfortunately, networks have variable throughput, primarily due to
congestion. Attempting to deliver content encoded at a higher
bitrate than the network can support causes queuing along the path
from producer to consumer. The speed at which a protocol can detect
and respond to queuing determines the overall latency. TCP-based
protocols are simple but are slow to detect congestion and suffer
from head-of-line blocking. Protocols utilizing UDP directly can
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avoid queuing, but the application is then responsible for the
complexity of fragmentation, congestion control, retransmissions,
receiver feedback, reassembly, and more. One goal of MOQT is to
achieve the best of both these worlds: leverage the features of QUIC
to create a simple yet flexible low latency protocol that can rapidly
detect and respond to congestion.
1.1.2. Leveraging QUIC
The parallel nature of QUIC streams can provide improvements in the
face of loss. A goal of MOQT is to design a streaming protocol to
leverage the transmission benefits afforded by parallel QUIC streams
as well exercising options for flexible loss recovery. Applying
[QUIC] to HAS via HTTP/3 has not yet yielded generalized improvements
in throughput. One reason for this is that sending segments down a
single QUIC stream still allows head-of-line blocking to occur.
1.1.3. Universal
Internet delivered media today has protocols optimized for ingest and
separate protocols optimized for distribution. This protocol switch
in the distribution chain necessitates intermediary origins which re-
package the media content. While specialization can have its
benefits, there are gains in efficiency to be had in not having to
re-package content. A goal of MOQT is to develop a single protocol
which can be used for transmission from contribution to distribution.
A related goal is the ability to support existing encoding and
packaging schemas, both for backwards compatibility and for
interoperability with the established content preparation ecosystem.
1.1.4. Relays
An integral feature of a protocol being successful is its ability to
deliver media at scale. Greatest scale is achieved when third-party
networks, independent of both the publisher and subscriber, can be
leveraged to relay the content. These relays must cache content for
distribution efficiency while simultaneously routing content and
deterministically responding to congestion in a multi-tenant network.
A goal of MOQT is to treat relays as first-class citizens of the
protocol and ensure that objects are structured such that information
necessary for distribution is available to relays while the media
content itself remains opaque and private.
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1.2. Terms and Definitions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
Client: The party initiating a MoQ transport session.
Server: The party accepting an incoming transport session.
Endpoint: A Client or Server.
Producer: An endpoint sending media over the network.
Consumer: An endpoint receiving media over the network.
Transport session: A raw QUIC connection or a WebTransport session.
Congestion: Packet loss and queuing caused by degraded or overloaded
networks.
Group: A temporal sequence of objects. A group represents a join
point in a track. See (Section 2.2).
Object: An object is an addressable unit whose payload is a sequence
of bytes. Objects form the base element in the MOQT model. See
(Section 2.1).
Track: An encoded bitstream. Tracks contain a sequential series of
one or more groups and are the subscribable entity with MOQT.
1.3. Notational Conventions
This document uses the conventions detailed in ([RFC9000],
Section 1.3) when describing the binary encoding.
As a quick reference, the following list provides a non normative
summary of the parts of RFC9000 field syntax that are used in this
specification.
x (L): Indicates that x is L bits long
x (i): Indicates that x holds an integer value using the variable-
length encoding as described in ([RFC9000], Section 16)
x (..): Indicates that x can be any length including zero bits long.
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Values in this format always end on a byte boundary.
[x (L)]: Indicates that x is optional and has a length of L
x (L) ...: Indicates that x is repeated zero or more times and that
each instance has a length of L
This document extends the RFC9000 syntax and with the additional
field types:
x (b): Indicates that x consists of a variable length integer
encoding as described in ([RFC9000], Section 16), followed by that
many bytes of binary data
To reduce unnecessary use of bandwidth, variable length integers
SHOULD be encoded using the least number of bytes possible to
represent the required value.
2. Object Model
MOQT has a hierarchical object model for data, comprised of objects,
groups and tracks.
2.1. Objects
The basic data element of MOQT is an object. An object is an
addressable unit whose payload is a sequence of bytes. All objects
belong to a group, indicating ordering and potential dependencies.
Section 2.2 An object is uniquely identified by its track namespace,
track name, group ID, and object ID, and must be an identical
sequence of bytes regardless of how or where it is retrieved. An
Object can become unavailable, but it's contents MUST NOT change over
time.
Objects are comprised of two parts: metadata and a payload. The
metadata is never encrypted and is always visible to relays. The
payload portion may be encrypted, in which case it is only visible to
the producer and consumer. The application is solely responsible for
the content of the object payload. This includes the underlying
encoding, compression, any end-to-end encryption, or authentication.
A relay MUST NOT combine, split, or otherwise modify object payloads.
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2.2. Groups
A group is a collection of objects and is a sub-unit of a track
(Section 2.3). Objects within a group SHOULD NOT depend on objects
in other groups. A group behaves as a join point for subscriptions.
A new subscriber might not want to receive the entire track, and may
instead opt to receive only the latest group(s). The sender then
selectively transmits objects based on their group membership.
2.3. Track
A track is a sequence of groups (Section 2.2). It is the entity
against which a consumer issues a subscription request. A subscriber
can request to receive individual tracks starting at a group
boundary, including any new objects pushed by the producer while the
track is active.
2.3.1. Track Naming and Scopes
In MOQT, every track has a track name and a track namespace
associated with it. A track name identifies an individual track
within the namespace.
A MOQT scope is a set of servers (as identified by their connection
URIs) for which the tuple of Track Name and Track Namespace are
guaranteed to be unique and identify a specific track. It is up to
the application using MOQT to define how broad or narrow the scope
is. An application that deals with connections between devices on a
local network may limit the scope to a single connection; by
contrast, an application that uses multiple CDNs to serve media may
require the scope to include all of those CDNs.
Because the tuple of Track Namespace and Track Name are unique within
an MOQT scope, they can be used as a cache key. MOQT does not
provide any in-band content negotiation methods similar to the ones
defined by HTTP ([RFC9110], Section 10); if, at a given moment in
time, two tracks within the same scope contain different data, they
have to have different names and/or namespaces.
In this specification, both the Track Namespace and the Track Name
are not constrained to a specific encoding. They carry a sequence of
bytes and comparison between two Track Namespaces or Track Names is
done by exact comparison of the bytes. Specifications that use MoQ
Transport may constrain the information in these fields, for example
by restricting them to UTF-8. Any specification that does needs to
specify the canonicalization into the bytes in the Track Namespace or
Track Name such that exact comparison works.
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2.3.2. Connection URL
Each track MAY have one or more associated connection URLs specifying
network hosts through which a track may be accessed. The syntax of
the Connection URL and the associated connection setup procedures are
specific to the underlying transport protocol usage Section 3.
3. Sessions
3.1. Session establishment
This document defines a protocol that can be used interchangeably
both over a QUIC connection directly [QUIC], and over WebTransport
[WebTransport]. Both provide streams and datagrams with similar
semantics (see [I-D.ietf-webtrans-overview], Section 4); thus, the
main difference lies in how the servers are identified and how the
connection is established. When using QUIC, datagrams MUST be
supported via the [QUIC-DATAGRAM] extension, which is already a
requirement for WebTransport over HTTP/3.
There is no definition of the protocol over other transports, such as
TCP, and applications using MoQ might need to fallback to another
protocol when QUIC or WebTransport aren't available.
3.1.1. WebTransport
A MOQT server that is accessible via WebTransport can be identified
using an HTTPS URI ([RFC9110], Section 4.2.2). A MOQT session can be
established by sending an extended CONNECT request to the host and
the path indicated by the URI, as described in [WebTransport],
Section 3.
3.1.2. QUIC
A MOQT server that is accessible via native QUIC can be identified by
a URI with a "moq" scheme. The "moq" URI scheme is defined as
follows, using definitions from [RFC3986]:
moq-URI = "moqt" "://" authority path-abempty [ "?" query ]
The authority portion MUST NOT contain a non-empty host portion. The
moq URI scheme supports the /.well-known/ path prefix defined in
[RFC8615].
This protocol does not specify any semantics on the path-abempty and
query portions of the URI. The contents of those are left up to the
application.
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The client can establish a connection to a MoQ server identified by a
given URI by setting up a QUIC connection to the host and port
identified by the authority section of the URI. The path-abempty and
query portions of the URI are communicated to the server using the
PATH parameter (Section 6.2.2.2) which is sent in the CLIENT_SETUP
message at the start of the session. The ALPN value [RFC7301] used
by the protocol is moq-00.
3.2. Version and Extension Negotiation
Endpoints use the exchange of Setup messages to negotiate the MOQT
version and any extensions to use.
The client indicates the MOQT versions it supports in the
CLIENT_SETUP message (see Section 6.2). It also includes the union
of all Setup Parameters Section 6.2.2 required for a handshake by any
of those versions.
Within any MOQT version, clients request the use of extensions by
adding Setup parameters corresponding to that extension. No
extensions are defined in this document.
The server replies with a SERVER_SETUP message that indicates the
chosen version, includes all parameters required for a handshake in
that version, and parameters for every extension requested by the
client that it supports.
New versions of MOQT MUST specify which existing extensions can be
used with that version. New extensions MUST specify the existing
versions with which they can be used.
If a given parameter carries the same information in multiple
versions, but might have different optimal values in those versions,
there SHOULD be separate Setup parameters for that information in
each version.
3.3. Session initialization
The first stream opened is a client-initiated bidirectional control
stream where the peers exchange Setup messages (Section 6.2). All
messages defined in this draft except OBJECT and OBJECT_WITH_LENGTH
are sent on the control stream after the Setup message. Control
messages MUST NOT be sent on any other stream, and a peer receiving a
control message on a different stream closes the session as a
'Protocol Violation'. Objects MUST NOT be sent on the control
stream, and a peer receiving an Object on the control stream closes
the session as a 'Protocol Violation'.
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This draft only specifies a single use of bidirectional streams.
Objects are sent on unidirectional streams. Because there are no
other uses of bidirectional streams, a peer MAY currently close the
session as a 'Protocol Violation' if it receives a second
bidirectional stream.
The control stream MUST NOT be abruptly closed at the underlying
transport layer. Doing so results in the session being closed as a
'Protocol Violation'.
3.4. Stream Cancellation
Streams aside from the control stream MAY be canceled due to
congestion or other reasons by either the sender or receiver. Early
termination of a stream does not affect the MoQ application state,
and therefore has no effect on outstanding subscriptions.
3.5. Termination
The transport session can be terminated at any point. When native
QUIC is used, the session is closed using the CONNECTION_CLOSE frame
([QUIC], Section 19.19). When WebTransport is used, the session is
closed using the CLOSE_WEBTRANSPORT_SESSION capsule ([WebTransport],
Section 5).
The application MAY use any error message and SHOULD use a relevant
code, as defined below:
+======+===========================+
| Code | Reason |
+======+===========================+
| 0x0 | No Error |
+------+---------------------------+
| 0x1 | Internal Error |
+------+---------------------------+
| 0x2 | Unauthorized |
+------+---------------------------+
| 0x3 | Protocol Violation |
+------+---------------------------+
| 0x4 | Duplicate Track Alias |
+------+---------------------------+
| 0x5 | Parameter Length Mismatch |
+------+---------------------------+
| 0x10 | GOAWAY Timeout |
+------+---------------------------+
Table 1
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* No Error: The session is being terminated without an error.
* Internal Error: An implementation specific error occurred.
* Unauthorized: The endpoint breached an agreement, which MAY have
been pre-negotiated by the application.
* Protocol Violation: The remote endpoint performed an action that
was disallowed by the specification.
* Duplicate Track Alias: The endpoint attempted to use a Track Alias
that was already in use.
* GOAWAY Timeout: The session was closed because the client took too
long to close the session in response to a GOAWAY (Section 6.14)
message. See session migration (Section 3.6).
3.6. Migration
MoqTransport requires a long-lived and stateful session. However, a
service provider needs the ability to shutdown/restart a server
without waiting for all sessions to drain naturally, as that can take
days for long-form media. MoqTransport avoids this via the GOAWAY
message (Section 6.14).
The server sends a GOAWAY message, signaling that the client should
establish a new session and migrate any active subscriptions. The
GOAWAY message may contain a new URI for the new session, otherwise
the current URI is reused. The server SHOULD terminate the session
with 'GOAWAY Timeout' after a sufficient timeout if there are still
open subscriptions on a connection.
The GOAWAY message does not immediately impact subscription state. A
subscriber SHOULD individually UNSUBSCRIBE for each existing
subscription, while a publisher MAY reject new SUBSCRIBEs while in
the draining state. When the server is a subscriber, it SHOULD send
a GOAWAY message prior to any UNSUBSCRIBE messages.
After the client receives a GOAWAY, it's RECOMMENDED that the client
waits until there are no more active subscriptions before closing the
session with NO_ERROR. Ideally this is transparent to the
application using MOQT, which involves establishing a new session in
the background and migrating active subscriptions and announcements.
The client can choose to delay closing the session if it expects more
OBJECTs to be delivered. The server closes the session with a
'GOAWAY Timeout' if the client doesn't close the session quickly
enough.
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4. Prioritization and Congestion Response
TODO: This is a placeholder section to capture details on how the
MOQT protocol deals with prioritization and congestion overall.
This section is expected to cover details on:
* Prioritization Schemes.
* Congestion Algorithms and impacts.
* Mapping considerations for one object per stream vs multiple
objects per stream.
* Considerations for merging multiple streams across domains onto
single connection and interactions with specific prioritization
schemes.
4.1. Order Priorities and Options
At the point of this writing, the working group has not reached
consensus on several important goals, such as:
* Ensuring that objects are delivered in the order intended by the
emitter
* Allowing nodes and relays to skip or delay some objects to deal
with congestion
* Ensuring that emitters can accurately predict the behavior of
relays
* Ensuring that when relays have to skip and delay objects belonging
to different tracks that they do it in a predictable way if tracks
are explicitly coordinated and in a fair way if they are not.
The working group has been considering two alternatives: marking
objects belonging to a track with an explicit "send order"; and,
defining algorithms combining tracks, priorities and object order
within a group. The two proposals are listed in Section 4.1.1 and
Section 4.1.2. We expect further work before a consensus is reached.
4.1.1. Proposal - Send Order
Media is produced with an intended order, both in terms of when media
should be presented (PTS) and when media should be decoded (DTS). As
stated in the introduction, the network is unable to maintain this
ordering during congestion without increasing latency.
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The encoder determines how to behave during congestion by assigning
each object a numeric send order. The send order SHOULD be followed
when possible, to ensure that the most important media is delivered
when throughput is limited. Note that the contents within each
object are still delivered in order; this send order only applies to
the ordering between objects.
A sender MUST send each object over a dedicated stream. The library
should support prioritization (Section 4) such that streams are
transmitted in send order.
A receiver MUST NOT assume that objects will be received in send
order, for the following reasons:
* Newly encoded objects can have a smaller send order than
outstanding objects.
* Packet loss or flow control can delay the send of individual
streams.
* The sender might not support stream prioritization.
TODO: Refer to Congestion Response and Prioritization Section for
further details on various proposals.
4.1.2. Proposal - Ordering by Priorities
Media is produced as a set of layers, such as for example low
definition and high definition, or low frame rate and high frame
rate. Each object belonging to a track and a group has two
attributes: the object-id, and the priority (or layer).
When nodes or relays have to choose which object to send next, they
apply the following rules:
* within the same group, objects with a lower priority number (e.g.
P1) are always sent before objects with a numerically greater
priority number (e.g., P2)
* within the same group, and the same priority level, objects with a
lower object-id are always sent before objects with a higher
object-id.
* objects from later groups are normally always sent before objects
of previous groups.
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The latter rule is generally agreed as a way to ensure freshness, and
to recover quickly if queues and delays accumulate during a
congestion period. However, there may be cases when finishing the
transmission of an ongoing group results in better user experience
than strict adherence to the freshness rule. We expect that that the
working group will eventually reach consensus and define meta data
that controls this behavior.
There have been proposals to allow emitters to coordinate the
allocation of layer priorities across multiple coordinated tracks.
At this point, these proposals have not reached consensus.
5. Relays
Relays are leveraged to enable distribution scale in the MoQ
architecture. Relays can be used to form an overlay delivery
network, similar in functionality to Content Delivery Networks
(CDNs). Additionally, relays serve as policy enforcement points by
validating subscribe and publish requests at the edge of a network.
5.1. Subscriber Interactions
Subscribers interact with the Relays by sending a SUBSCRIBE
(Section 6.4) control message for the tracks of interest. Relays
MUST ensure subscribers are authorized to access the content
associated with the track. The authorization information can be part
of subscription request itself or part of the encompassing session.
The specifics of how a relay authorizes a user are outside the scope
of this specification.
The subscriber making the subscribe request is notified of the result
of the subscription, via SUBSCRIBE_OK (Section 6.5) or the
SUBSCRIBE_ERROR Section 6.6 control message. The entity receiving
the SUBSCRIBE MUST send only a single response to a given SUBSCRIBE
of either SUBSCRIBE_OK or SUBSCRIBE_ERROR.
For successful subscriptions, the publisher maintains a list of
subscribers for each track. Each new OBJECT belonging to the track
within the subscription range is forwarded to each active subscriber,
dependent on the congestion response. A subscription remains active
until the publisher of the track terminates the track with a
SUBSCRIBE_DONE (see Section 6.8).
Objects MUST NOT be sent for unsuccessful subscriptions, and if a
subscriber receives a SUBSCRIBE_ERROR after receiving objects, it
MUST close the session with a 'Protocol Violation'.
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A relay MUST not reorder or drop objects received on a multi-object
stream when forwarding to subscribers, unless it has application
specific information.
Relays MAY aggregate authorized subscriptions for a given track when
multiple subscribers request the same track. Subscription
aggregation allows relays to make only a single forward subscription
for the track. The published content received from the forward
subscription request is cached and shared among the pending
subscribers.
The application SHOULD use a relevant error code in SUBSCRIBE_ERROR,
as defined below:
+======+===================+
| Code | Reason |
+======+===================+
| 0x0 | Internal Error |
+------+-------------------+
| 0x1 | Invalid Range |
+------+-------------------+
| 0x2 | Retry Track Alias |
+------+-------------------+
Table 2
The applicaiton SHOULD use a relevant status code in SUBSCRIBE_DONE,
as defined below:
+======+====================+
| Code | Reason |
+======+====================+
| 0x0 | Unsubscribed |
+------+--------------------+
| 0x1 | Internal Error |
+------+--------------------+
| 0x2 | Unauthorized |
+------+--------------------+
| 0x3 | Track Ended |
+------+--------------------+
| 0x4 | Subscription Ended |
+------+--------------------+
| 0x5 | Going Away |
+------+--------------------+
| 0x6 | Expired |
+------+--------------------+
Table 3
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5.2. Publisher Interactions
Publishing through the relay starts with publisher sending ANNOUNCE
control message with a Track Namespace (Section 2.3).
Relays MUST ensure that publishers are authorized by:
* Verifying that the publisher is authorized to publish the content
associated with the set of tracks whose Track Namespace matches
the announced namespace. Specifics of where the authorization
happens, either at the relays or forwarded for further processing,
depends on the way the relay is managed and is application
specific (typically based on prior business agreement).
Relays respond with an ANNOUNCE_OK or ANNOUNCE_ERROR control message
providing the result of announcement. The entity receiving the
ANNOUNCE MUST send only a single response to a given ANNOUNCE of
either ANNOUNCE_OK or ANNOUNCE_ERROR. When a publisher wants to stop
new subscriptions for an announced namespace it sends an UNANNOUNCE.
A subscriber indicates it will no longer route subscriptions for a
namespace it previously responded ANNOUNCE_OK to by sending an
ANNOUNCE_CANCEL.
A relay manages sessions from multiple publishers and subscribers,
connecting them based on the track namespace. This MUST use an exact
match on track namespace unless otherwise negotiated by the
application. For example, a SUBSCRIBE namespace=foobar message will
be forwarded to the session that sent ANNOUNCE namespace=foobar.
OBJECT message headers carry a short hop-by-hop Track Alias that maps
to the Full Track Name (see Section 6.5). Relays use the Track Alias
of an incoming OBJECT message to identify its track and find the
active subscribers for that track. Relays MUST NOT depend on OBJECT
payload content for making forwarding decisions and MUST only depend
on the fields, such as priority order and other metadata properties
in the OBJECT message header. Unless determined by congestion
response, Relays MUST forward the OBJECT message to the matching
subscribers.
5.3. Congestion Response at Relays
TODO: Refer to Section 4. Add details to describe relay behavior
when merging or splitting streams and interactions with congestion
response.
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5.4. Relay Object Handling
MOQT encodes the delivery information for a stream via OBJECT headers
(Section 6.3). A relay MUST NOT modify Object properties when
forwarding.
A relay MUST treat the object payload as opaque. A relay MUST NOT
combine, split, or otherwise modify object payloads. A relay SHOULD
prioritize streams (Section 4) based on the send order/priority.
A sender SHOULD begin sending incomplete objects when available to
avoid incurring additional latency.
A relay that reads from a stream and writes to stream in order will
introduce head-of-line blocking. Packet loss will cause stream data
to be buffered in the library, awaiting in order delivery, which will
increase latency over additional hops. To mitigate this, a relay
SHOULD read and write stream data out of order subject to flow
control limits. See section 2.2 in [QUIC].
6. Messages
Both unidirectional and bidirectional streams contain sequences of
length-delimited messages.
An endpoint that receives an unknown message type MUST close the
session.
MOQT Message {
Message Type (i),
Message Payload (..),
}
Figure 1: MOQT Message
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+======+=====================================+
| ID | Messages |
+======+=====================================+
| 0x0 | OBJECT_STREAM (Section 6.3.2) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x1 | OBJECT_DATAGRAM (Section 6.3.2) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x3 | SUBSCRIBE (Section 6.4) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x4 | SUBSCRIBE_OK (Section 6.5) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x5 | SUBSCRIBE_ERROR (Section 6.6) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x6 | ANNOUNCE (Section 6.9) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x7 | ANNOUNCE_OK (Section 6.10) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x8 | ANNOUNCE_ERROR (Section 6.11) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x9 | UNANNOUNCE (Section 6.12) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0xA | UNSUBSCRIBE (Section 6.7) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0xB | SUBSCRIBE_DONE (Section 6.8) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x10 | GOAWAY (Section 6.14) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x40 | CLIENT_SETUP (Section 6.2) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x41 | SERVER_SETUP (Section 6.2) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x50 | STREAM_HEADER_TRACK (Section 6.3.3) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
| 0x51 | STREAM_HEADER_GROUP (Section 6.3.3) |
+------+-------------------------------------+
Table 4
6.1. Parameters
Some messages include a Parameters field that encode optional message
elements. They contain a type, length, and value.
Senders MUST NOT repeat the same parameter type in a message.
Receivers SHOULD check that there are no duplicate parameters and
close the session as a 'Protocol Violation' if found.
Receivers ignore unrecognized parameters.
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The format of Parameters is as follows:
Parameter {
Parameter Type (i),
Parameter Length (i),
Parameter Value (..),
}
Figure 2: MOQT Parameter
Parameter Type is an integer that indicates the semantic meaning of
the parameter. Setup message parameters use a namespace that is
constant across all MoQ Transport versions. All other messages use a
version-specific namespace. For example, the integer '1' can refer
to different parameters for Setup messages and for all other message
types.
SETUP message parameter types are defined in Section 6.2.2. Version-
specific parameter types are defined in Section 6.1.1.
The Parameter Length field of the String Parameter encodes the length
of the Parameter Value field in bytes.
Each parameter description will indicate the data type in the
Parameter Value field. If a receiver understands a parameter type,
and the parameter length implied by that type does not match the
Parameter Length field, the receiver MUST terminate the session with
error code 'Parameter Length Mismatch'.
6.1.1. Version Specific Parameters
Each version-specific parameter definition indicates the message
types in which it can appear. If it appears in some other type of
message, it MUST be ignored. Note that since Setup parameters use a
separate namespace, it is impossible for these parameters to appear
in Setup messages.
6.1.1.1. AUTHORIZATION INFO Parameter
AUTHORIZATION INFO parameter (key 0x02) identifies a track's
authorization information in a SUBSCRIBE or ANNOUNCE message. This
parameter is populated for cases where the authorization is required
at the track level. The value is an ASCII string.
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6.2. CLIENT_SETUP and SERVER_SETUP
The CLIENT_SETUP and SERVER_SETUP messages are the first messages
exchanged by the client and the server; they allows the peers to
establish the mutually supported version and agree on the initial
configuration before any objects are exchanged. It is a sequence of
key-value pairs called Setup parameters; the semantics and format of
which can vary based on whether the client or server is sending. To
ensure future extensibility of MOQT, the peers MUST ignore unknown
setup parameters. TODO: describe GREASE for those.
The wire format of the Setup messages are as follows:
CLIENT_SETUP Message Payload {
Number of Supported Versions (i),
Supported Version (i) ...,
Number of Parameters (i) ...,
Setup Parameters (..) ...,
}
SERVER_SETUP Message Payload {
Selected Version (i),
Number of Parameters (i) ...,
Setup Parameters (..) ...,
}
Figure 3: MOQT Setup Messages
The available versions and Setup parameters are detailed in the next
sections.
6.2.1. Versions
MoQ Transport versions are a 32-bit unsigned integer, encoded as a
varint. This version of the specification is identified by the
number 0x00000001. Versions with the most significant 16 bits of the
version number cleared are reserved for use in future IETF consensus
documents.
The client offers the list of the protocol versions it supports; the
server MUST reply with one of the versions offered by the client. If
the server does not support any of the versions offered by the
client, or the client receives a server version that it did not
offer, the corresponding peer MUST close the session.
[[RFC editor: please remove the remainder of this section before
publication.]]
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The version number for the final version of this specification
(0x00000001), is reserved for the version of the protocol that is
published as an RFC. Version numbers used to identify IETF drafts
are created by adding the draft number to 0xff000000. For example,
draft-ietf-moq-transport-13 would be identified as 0xff00000D.
6.2.2. Setup Parameters
6.2.2.1. ROLE parameter
The ROLE parameter (key 0x00) allows each endpoint to independently
specify what funnctionality they support for the session. It has
three possible values, which are of type varint:
0x01: Publisher The endpoint can process subscriptions and send
objects, but not subscribe. The endpoint MUST NOT send a
SUBSCRIBE message and an ANNOUNCE MUST NOT be sent to it.
0x02: Subscriber The endpoint can send subscriptions and receive
objects, but not publish. The endpoint MUST NOT send an ANNOUNCE
message and a SUBSCRIBE MUST NOT be sent to it.
0x03: PubSub The endpoint can act as a publisher or subscriber, and
can send or process any message type.
Both endpoints MUST send a ROLE parameter with one of the three
values specified above. Both endpoints MUST close the session if the
ROLE parameter is missing or is not one of the three above-specified
values.
6.2.2.2. PATH parameter
The PATH parameter (key 0x01) allows the client to specify the path
of the MoQ URI when using native QUIC ([QUIC]). It MUST NOT be used
by the server, or when WebTransport is used. If the peer receives a
PATH parameter from the server, or when WebTransport is used, it MUST
close the connection. It follows the URI formatting rules [RFC3986].
When connecting to a server using a URI with the "moq" scheme, the
client MUST set the PATH parameter to the path-abempty portion of the
URI; if query is present, the client MUST concatenate ?, followed by
the query portion of the URI to the parameter.
6.3. OBJECT
An OBJECT message contains a range of contiguous bytes from from the
specified track, as well as associated metadata required to deliver,
cache, and forward it.
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6.3.1. Canonical Object Fields
A canonical MoQ Object has the following information:
* Track Namespace and Track Name: The track this object belongs to.
* Group ID: The object is a member of the indicated group ID
Section 2.2 within the track.
* Object ID: The order of the object within the group. The IDs
starts at 0, increasing sequentially for each object within the
group.
* Object Send Order: An integer indicating the object send order
Section 4.1.1 or priority Section 4.1.2 value.
* Object Forwarding Preference: An enumeration indicating how a
sender sends an object. The preferences are Track, Group, Object
and Datagram. An Object MUST be sent according to its Object
Forwarding Preference, described below.
* Object Payload: An opaque payload intended for the consumer and
SHOULD NOT be processed by a relay.
6.3.2. Object Message Formats
Every Track has a single 'Object Forwarding Preference' and
publishers MUST NOT mix different forwarding preferences within a
single track. If a subscriber receives different forwarding
preferences for a track, it SHOULD close the session with an error of
'Protocol Violation'.
*Object Stream Message*
An OBJECT_STREAM message carries a single object on a stream. There
is no explicit length of the payload; it is determined by the end of
the stream. An OBJECT_STREAM message MUST be the first and only
message on a unidirectional stream.
An Object received in an OBJECT_STREAM message has an Object
Forwarding Preference = Object.
To send an Object with Object Forwarding Preference = Object, open a
stream, serialize object fields below, and terminate the stream.
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OBJECT_STREAM Message {
Subscribe ID (i),
Track Alias (i),
Group ID (i),
Object ID (i),
Object Send Order (i),
Object Payload (..),
}
Figure 4: MOQT OBJECT_STREAM Message
* Subscribe ID: Subscription Identifer as defined in Section 6.4.
* Track Alias: Identifies the Track Namespace and Track Name as
defined in Section 6.4.
If the Track Namespace and Track Name identified by the Track Alias
are different from those specified in the subscription identified by
Subscribe ID, the receiver MUST close the session with a Protocol
Violation.
* Other fields: As described in Section 6.3.1.
*Object Datagram Message*
An OBJECT_DATAGRAM message carries a single object in a datagram.
There is no explicit length of the payload; it is determined by the
length of the datagram.
An Object received in an OBJECT_DATAGRAM message has an Object
Forwarding Preference = Datagram. To send an Object with Object
Forwarding Preference = Datagram, determine the length of the fields
and payload and send the Object as datagram. In certain scenarios
where the object size can be larger than maximum datagram size for
the session, the Object will be dropped.
OBJECT_DATAGRAM Message {
Subscribe ID (i),
Track Alias (i),
Group ID (i),
Object ID (i),
Object Send Order (i),
Object Payload (..),
}
Figure 5: MOQT OBJECT_DATAGRAM Message
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6.3.3. Multi-Object Streams
When multiple objects are sent on a stream, the stream begins with a
stream header message and is followed by one or more sets of
serialized object fields. If a stream ends gracefully in the middle
of a serialized Object, terminate the session with a Protocol
Violation.
A sender SHOULD NOT open more than one multi-object stream at a time
with the same stream header message type and fields.
TODO: figure out how a relay closes these streams
*Stream Header Track*
When a stream begins with STREAM_HEADER_TRACK, all objects on the
stream belong to the track requested in the Subscribe message
identified by Subscribe ID. All objects on the stream have the
Object Send Order specified in the stream header.
STREAM_HEADER_TRACK Message {
Subscribe ID (i)
Track Alias (i),
Object Send Order (i),
}
Figure 6: MOQT STREAM_HEADER_TRACK Message
All Objects received on a stream opened with STREAM_HEADER_TRACK have
an Object Forwarding Preference = Track.
To send an Object with Object Forwarding Preference = Track, find the
open stream that is associated with the subscription, or open a new
one and send the STREAM_HEADER_TRACK if needed, then serialize the
the following object fields.
{
Group ID (i),
Object ID (i),
Object Payload Length (i),
Object Payload (..),
}
Figure 7: MOQT Track Stream Object Fields
*Stream Header Group*
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A sender MUST NOT send an Object on a stream if its Group ID is less
than a previously sent Group ID on that stream, or if its Object ID
is less than or equal to a previously sent Object ID within a given
group on that stream.
When a stream begins with STREAM_HEADER_GROUP, all objects on the
stream belong to the track requested in the Subscribe message
identified by Subscribe ID and the group indicated by Group ID. All
objects on the stream have the Object Send Order specified in the
stream header.
STREAM_HEADER_GROUP Message {
Subscribe ID (i),
Track Alias (i),
Group ID (i)
Object Send Order (i)
}
Figure 8: MOQT STREAM_HEADER_GROUP Message
All Objects received on a stream opened with STREAM_HEADER_GROUP have
an Object Forwarding Preference = Group.
To send an Object with Object Forwarding Preference = Group, find the
open stream that is associated with the subscription, Group ID and
Object Send Order, or open a new one and send the STREAM_HEADER_GROUP
if needed, then serialize the following fields.
{
Object ID (i),
Object Payload Length (i),
Object Payload (..),
}
Figure 9: MOQT Group Stream Object Fields
A sender MUST NOT send an Object on a stream if its Object ID is less
than a previously sent Object ID within a given group in that stream.
6.3.4. Examples:
Sending a track on one stream:
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STREAM_HEADER_TRACK {
Subscribe ID = 1
Track Alias = 1
Object Send Order = 0
}
{
Group ID = 0
Object ID = 0
Object Payload Length = 4
Payload = "abcd"
}
{
Group ID = 1
Object ID = 0
Object Payload Length = 4
Payload = "efgh"
}
Sending a group on one stream, with a unordered object in the group
appearing on its own stream.
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Stream = 2
STREAM_HEADER_GROUP {
Subscribe ID = 2
Track Alias = 2
Group ID = 0
Object Send Order = 0
}
{
Object ID = 0
Object Payload Length = 4
Payload = "abcd"
}
{
Object ID = 1
Object Payload Length = 4
Payload = "efgh"
}
Stream = 6
OBJECT_STREAM {
Subscribe ID = 2
Track Alias = 2
Group ID = 0
Object ID = 1
Payload = "moqrocks"
}
6.4. SUBSCRIBE
A receiver issues a SUBSCRIBE to a publisher to request a track.
6.4.1. Subscribe Locations
The receiver specifies a start and optional end Location for the
subscription. A location value may be an absolute group or object
sequence, or it may be a delta relative to the largest group or the
largest object in a group.
Location {
Mode (i),
[Value (i)],
}
There are 4 modes:
None (0x0): The Location is unspecified, Value is not present
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Absolute (0x1): Value is an absolute sequence
RelativePrevious (0x2): Value is a delta from the largest sequence.
0 is the largest sequence, 1 is the largest sequence - 1, and so on.
RelativeNext (0x3): Value is a delta from the largest sequence. 0 is
the largest sequence + 1, 1 is the largest sequence + 2, and so on.
The following table shows an example of how the RelativePrevious and
RelativeNext values are used to determine the absolute sequence.
Sequence: 0 1 2 3 4 [5] [6] ...
^
Largest Sequence
RelativePrevious Value: 4 3 2 1 0
RelativeNext Value: 0 1 ...
Figure 10: Relative Indexing
6.4.2. SUBSCRIBE Format
The format of SUBSCRIBE is as follows:
SUBSCRIBE Message {
Subscribe ID (i),
Track Alias (i),
Track Namespace (b),
Track Name (b),
StartGroup (Location),
StartObject (Location),
EndGroup (Location),
EndObject (Location),
Number of Parameters (i),
Track Request Parameters (..) ...
}
Figure 11: MOQT SUBSCRIBE Message
* Subscribe ID: The subscription identifier that is unique within
the session. Subscribe ID is a monotonically increasing variable
length integer which MUST not be reused within a session.
Subscribe ID is used by subscribers and the publishers to identify
a given subscription. Subscribers specify the Subscribe ID and it
is included in the corresponding SUBSCRIBE_OK or SUBSCRIBE_ERROR
messages.
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* Track Alias: A session specific identifier for the track.
Messages that reference a track, such as OBJECT (Section 6.3),
reference this Track Alias instead of the Track Name and Track
Namespace to reduce overhead. If the Track Alias is already in
use, the publisher MUST close the session with a Duplicate Track
Alias error (Section 3.5).
* Track Namespace: Identifies the namespace of the track as defined
in (Section 2.3.1).
* Track Name: Identifies the track name as defined in
(Section 2.3.1).
* StartGroup: The Location of the requested group. StartGroup's
Mode MUST NOT be None.
* StartObject: The Location of the requested object. StartObject's
Mode MUST NOT be None.
* EndGroup: The last Group requested in the subscription, inclusive.
EndGroup's Mode is None for an open-ended subscription.
* EndObject: The last Object requested in the subscription,
exclusive. EndObject's Mode MUST be None if EndGroup's Mode is
None. EndObject's Mode MUST NOT be None if EndGroup's Mode is not
None.
* Track Request Parameters: The parameters are defined in
Section 6.1.1
On successful subscription, the publisher SHOULD start delivering
objects from the group ID and object ID described above.
If a publisher cannot satisfy the requested start or end for the
subscription it MAY send a SUBSCRIBE_ERROR with code 'Invalid Range'.
A publisher MUST NOT send objects from outside the requested start
and end.
TODO: Define the flow where subscribe request matches an existing
subscribe id (subscription updates.)
6.4.3. Examples
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1. Now
Start Group: Mode=RelativePrevious, Value=0
Start Object: Mode=RelateiveNext, Value=0
End Group: Mode=None
End Object: Mode=None
StartGroup=Largest Group
StartObject=Largest Object + 1
2. Current
Start Group: Mode=RelativePrevious, Value=0
Start Object: Mode=Absolute, Value=0
End Group: Mode=None
End Object: Mode=None
StartGroup=Largest Group
StartObject=0
3. Previous
Start Group: Mode=RelativePrevious, Value=1
Start Object: Mode=Absolute, Value=0
End Group: Mode=None
End Object: Mode=None
StartGroup=Largest Group - 1
StartObject=0
4. Next
Start Group: Mode=RelativeNext, Value=0
Start Object: Mode=Absolute, Value=0
End Group: Mode=None
End Object: Mode=None
StartGroup=Largest Group + 1
StartObject=0
5. Range, All of group 3
Start Group: Mode=Absolute, Value=3
Start Object: Mode=Absolute, Value=0
End Group: Mode=Absolute, Value=4
End Object: Mode=Absolute, Value=0
Start = Group 3, Object 0
End = Group 3, Object <last>
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6.5. SUBSCRIBE_OK
A SUBSCRIBE_OK control message is sent for successful subscriptions.
SUBSCRIBE_OK
{
Subscribe ID (i),
Expires (i),
ContentExists (1),
[Largest Group ID (i)],
[Largest Object ID (i)]
}
Figure 12: MOQT SUBSCRIBE_OK Message
* Subscribe ID: Subscription Identifer as defined in Section 6.4.
* Expires: Time in milliseconds after which the subscription is no
longer valid. A value of 0 indicates that the subscription does
not expire or expires at an unknown time. Expires is advisory and
a subscription can end prior to the expiry time or last longer.
* ContentExists: 1 if an object has been published on this track, 0
if not. If 0, then the Largest Group ID and Largest Object ID
fields will not be present.
* Largest Group ID: the largest Group ID available for this track.
This field is only present if ContentExists has a value of 1.
* Largest Object ID: the largest Object ID available within the
largest Group ID for this track. This field is only present if
ContentExists has a value of 1.
6.6. SUBSCRIBE_ERROR
A publisher sends a SUBSCRIBE_ERROR control message in response to a
failed SUBSCRIBE.
SUBSCRIBE_ERROR
{
Subscribe ID (i),
Error Code (i),
Reason Phrase (b),
Track Alias (i),
}
Figure 13: MOQT SUBSCRIBE_ERROR Message
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* Subscribe ID: Subscription Identifer as defined in Section 6.4.
* Error Code: Identifies an integer error code for subscription
failure.
* Reason Phrase: Provides the reason for subscription error.
* Track Alias: When Error Code is 'Retry Track Alias', the
subscriber SHOULD re-issue the SUBSCRIBE with this Track Alias
instead. If this Track Alias is already in use, the receiver MUST
close the connection with a Duplicate Track Alias error
(Section 3.5).
6.7. UNSUBSCRIBE
A subscriber issues a UNSUBSCRIBE message to a publisher indicating
it is no longer interested in receiving media for the specified track
and Objects should stop being sent as soon as possible. The
publisher sends a SUBSCRIBE_DONE to acknowledge the unsubscribe was
successful and indicate the final Object.
The format of UNSUBSCRIBE is as follows:
UNSUBSCRIBE Message {
Subscribe ID (i)
}
Figure 14: MOQT UNSUBSCRIBE Message
* Subscribe ID: Subscription Identifer as defined in Section 6.4.
6.8. SUBSCRIBE_DONE
A publisher issues a SUBSCRIBE_DONE message to indicate it is done
publishing Objects for that subscription. The Status Code indicates
why the subscription ended, and whether it was an error.
The format of SUBSCRIBE_DONE is as follows:
SUBSCRIBE_DONE Message {
Subscribe ID (i),
Status Code (i),
Reason Phrase (b),
ContentExists (1),
[Final Group (i)],
[Final Object (i)],
}
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Figure 15: MOQT SUBSCRIBE_DONE Message
* Subscribe ID: Subscription identifier as defined in Section 6.4.
* Status Code: An integer status code indicating why the
subscription ended.
* Reason Phrase: Provides the reason for subscription error.
* ContentExists: 1 if an object has been published for this
subscription, 0 if not. If 0, then the Final Group and Final
Object fields will not be present.
* Final Group: The largest Group ID sent by the publisher in an
OBJECT message in this track.
* Final Object: The largest Object ID sent by the publisher in an
OBJECT message in the Final Group for this track.
6.9. ANNOUNCE
The publisher sends the ANNOUNCE control message to advertise where
the receiver can route SUBSCRIBEs for tracks within the announced
Track Namespace. The receiver verifies the publisher is authorized
to publish tracks under this namespace.
ANNOUNCE Message {
Track Namespace (b),
Number of Parameters (i),
Parameters (..) ...,
}
Figure 16: MOQT ANNOUNCE Message
* Track Namespace: Identifies a track's namespace as defined in
(Section 2.3.1)
* Parameters: The parameters are defined in Section 6.1.1.
6.10. ANNOUNCE_OK
The receiver sends an ANNOUNCE_OK control message to acknowledge the
successful authorization and acceptance of an ANNOUNCE message.
ANNOUNCE_OK
{
Track Namespace (b),
}
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Figure 17: MOQT ANNOUNCE_OK Message
* Track Namespace: Identifies the track namespace in the ANNOUNCE
message for which this response is provided.
6.11. ANNOUNCE_ERROR
The receiver sends an ANNOUNCE_ERROR control message for tracks that
failed authorization.
ANNOUNCE_ERROR
{
Track Namespace (b),
Error Code (i),
Reason Phrase (b),
}
Figure 18: MOQT ANNOUNCE_ERROR Message
* Track Namespace: Identifies the track namespace in the ANNOUNCE
message for which this response is provided.
* Error Code: Identifies an integer error code for announcement
failure.
* Reason Phrase: Provides the reason for announcement error.
6.12. UNANNOUNCE
The publisher sends the UNANNOUNCE control message to indicate its
intent to stop serving new subscriptions for tracks within the
provided Track Namespace.
UNANNOUNCE Message {
Track Namespace (b),
}
Figure 19: MOQT UNANNOUNCE Message
* Track Namespace: Identifies a track's namespace as defined in
(Section 2.3.1).
6.13. ANNOUNCE_CANCEL
The subscriber sends an ANNOUNCE_CANCEL control message to indicate
it will stop sending new subscriptions for tracks within the provided
Track Namespace.
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If a publisher recieves new subscriptions for that namespace after
receiving an ANNOUNCE_CANCEL, it SHOULD close the session as a
'Protocol Violation'.
ANNOUNCE_CANCEL Message {
Track Namespace (b),
}
Figure 20: MOQT ANNOUNCE_CANCEL Message
* Track Namespace: Identifies a track's namespace as defined in
(Section 2.3.1).
6.14. GOAWAY
The server sends a GOAWAY message to initiate session migration
(Section 3.6) with an optional URI.
The server MUST terminate the session with a Protocol Violation
(Section 3.5) if it receives a GOAWAY message. The client MUST
terminate the session with a Protocol Violation (Section 3.5) if it
receives multiple GOAWAY messages.
GOAWAY Message {
New Session URI (b)
}
Figure 21: MOQT GOAWAY Message
* New Session URI: The client MUST use this URI for the new session
if provded. If the URI is zero bytes long, the current URI is
reused instead. The new session URI SHOULD use the same scheme as
the current URL to ensure compatibility.
7. Security Considerations
TODO: Expand this section, including subscriptions.
7.1. Resource Exhaustion
Live content requires significant bandwidth and resources. Failure
to set limits will quickly cause resource exhaustion.
MOQT uses stream limits and flow control to impose resource limits at
the network layer. Endpoints SHOULD set flow control limits based on
the anticipated bitrate.
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Endpoints MAY impose a MAX STREAM count limit which would restrict
the number of concurrent streams which a MOQT Streaming Format could
have in flight.
The producer prioritizes and transmits streams out of order. Streams
might be starved indefinitely during congestion. The producer and
consumer MUST cancel a stream, preferably the lowest priority, after
reaching a resource limit.
8. IANA Considerations
TODO: fill out currently missing registries:
* MOQT version numbers
* Setup parameters
* Track Request parameters
* Subscribe Error codes
* Announce Error codes
* Track format numbers
* Message types
* Object headers
TODO: register the URI scheme and the ALPN
TODO: the MOQT spec should establish the IANA registration table for
MoQ Streaming Formats. Each MoQ streaming format can then register
its type in that table. The MoQ Streaming Format type MUST be
carried as the leading varint in catalog track objects.
Contributors
* Alan Frindell
* Ali Begen
* Charles Krasic
* Christian Huitema
* Cullen Jennings
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* James Hurley
* Jordi Cenzano
* Mike English
* Mo Zanaty
* Will Law
References
Normative References
[QUIC] Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986>.
[RFC7301] Friedl, S., Popov, A., Langley, A., and E. Stephan,
"Transport Layer Security (TLS) Application-Layer Protocol
Negotiation Extension", RFC 7301, DOI 10.17487/RFC7301,
July 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7301>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[RFC8615] Nottingham, M., "Well-Known Uniform Resource Identifiers
(URIs)", RFC 8615, DOI 10.17487/RFC8615, May 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8615>.
[RFC9110] Fielding, R., Ed., Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke,
Ed., "HTTP Semantics", STD 97, RFC 9110,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9110, June 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110>.
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[WebTransport]
Frindell, A., Kinnear, E., and V. Vasiliev, "WebTransport
over HTTP/3", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
ietf-webtrans-http3-08, 23 October 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
webtrans-http3-08>.
Informative References
[I-D.ietf-webtrans-overview]
Vasiliev, V., "The WebTransport Protocol Framework", Work
in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-webtrans-overview-
07, 4 March 2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-ietf-webtrans-overview-07>.
[RFC9000] Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000>.
Authors' Addresses
Luke Curley
Discord
Email: kixelated@gmail.com
Kirill Pugin
Meta
Email: ikir@meta.com
Suhas Nandakumar
Cisco
Email: snandaku@cisco.com
Victor Vasiliev
Google
Email: vasilvv@google.com
Ian Swett (editor)
Google
Email: ianswett@google.com
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