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MPLS Network Action (MNA) Header Encodings
draft-jags-mpls-mna-hdr-01

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Replaced".
Authors Jaganbabu Rajamanickam , Rakesh Gandhi , Jisu Bhattacharya , Bruno Decraene , Royi Zigler , Weiqiang Cheng , Luay Jalil , Haoyu Song , Xiao Min , Bin Wen , Sami Boutros
Last updated 2022-07-25
Replaces draft-jags-mpls-ext-hdr
Replaced by draft-ietf-mpls-mna-hdr
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draft-jags-mpls-mna-hdr-01
MPLS Working Group                                  J. Rajamanickam, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                            R. Gandhi, Ed.
Intended status: Standards Track                         J. Bhattacharya
Expires: 26 January 2023                             Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                             B. Decraene
                                                                  Orange
                                                               R. Zigler
                                                                Broadcom
                                                                W. Cheng
                                                            China Mobile
                                                                L. Jalil
                                                                 Verizon
                                                                 H. Song
                                                  Futurewei Technologies
                                                                  X. Min
                                                               ZTE Corp.
                                                                  B. Wen
                                                                 Comcast
                                                              S. Boutros
                                                                   Ciena
                                                            25 July 2022

               MPLS Network Action (MNA) Header Encodings
                       draft-jags-mpls-mna-hdr-01

Abstract

   This document defines the MPLS Network Action (MNA) Header encoding
   formats to carry Network Actions and optionally Ancillary Data in the
   MPLS Label Stack and after the Label Stack.  The MPLS Network Action
   can influence the forwarding decisions or can carry additional OAM
   information in the MPLS packet.  This document follows the MNA
   requirements specified in draft-ietf-mpls-mna-requirements.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 26 January 2023.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  In-Stack MPLS Network Action Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.1.  In-Stack MPLS Network Action Encoding more than 20 bits of
           Ancillary Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   5.  Post-Stack MPLS Network Action Encoding . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   6.  In-Stack Network Action Encoding Example-1 - Carrying
           Flag-based In-Stack Network Action without Ancillary
           Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   7.  In-Stack Network Action Encoding Example-2 - Carrying Only
           Network Actions that require Ancillary Data . . . . . . .  13
   8.  In-Stack Network Action Encoding Example-3 - Carrying Multiple
           Network Actions that require Ancillary Data . . . . . . .  15
   9.  Node Capability Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   11. Backward Compatibility  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   12. Processing In-Stack MPLS Network Actions  . . . . . . . . . .  17
   13. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     13.1.  IANA Considerations for MNA Encoding Flags . . . . . . .  18
     13.2.  IANA Considerations Flag-based Network Actions . . . . .  19
     13.3.  IANA Considerations for IS-NAI-Opcode  . . . . . . . . .  20
     13.4.  IANA Considerations for New Special Purpose Label  . . .  21

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   14. Appendix  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
     14.1.  Alternate approach for In-Stack Network Action
            Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   15. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     15.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     15.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
   Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24

1.  Introduction

   [RFC3032] defines MPLS Header for carrying a stack of MPLS labels
   which are used to forward packets in an MPLS network.  Today's new
   applications require the MPLS packets to carry network action
   indicators and optional Ancillary Data (AD) that would be used in
   MPLS packet forwarding decision or for OAM purpose.  Ancillary Data
   can be used to carry additional information, for example, a network
   slice identifier, In-Situ OAM (IOAM) data, etc.  Several use-cases
   are described in [I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-usecases].

   This document defines MPLS data plane extension header format to
   encode MPLS Network Actions (MNA) those are efficient to process in
   hardware.  The MPLS Network Actions are encoded in the form of flags
   and opcodes.  These MPLS Network Actions can be encoded without
   Ancillary Data (AD) or with In-Stack Ancillary Data (ISD) or with
   Post-Stack Ancillary Data (PSD) after the Bottom of the Stack (BOS).
   A new Special Purpose Label (SPL) will be assigned to indicate the
   presence of MPLS Network Action Sub-stack (MNAS) in the MPLS packet.
   This document follows the MNA requirements specified in
   [I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-requirements].

2.  Conventions Used in This Document

2.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] [RFC8174]
   when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

2.2.  Abbreviations

   The MNA terminology defined in [I-D.andersson-mpls-mna-fwk] and
   [I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-requirements] are used in this document.

   *  AD: Ancillary Data.

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   *  ADL: Additional Data Length.

   *  BOS: Bottom Of Stack.

   *  I2E: Ingress-To-Egress.

   *  HPI: Hop-By-Hop Post-Stack Network Action Processing Indicator.

   *  ISD: In-Stack Data.

   *  IS-NAI-Opcode: In-Stack Network Action Opcode.

   *  INE: In-Stack Network Action Extension Presence Indicator.

   *  INI: In-Stack Network Action Presence Indicator.

   *  MPLS: Multiprotocol Label Switching.

   *  MNA: MPLS Network Action.

   *  NAI: Network Action Indicator.

   *  NAI-OP: Network Action Indicator Opcode.

   *  NASI: Network Action Sub-stack Indicator.

   *  PNI: Post-Stack Network Action Presence Indicator.

   *  PSD: Post-Stack Data.

   *  SPL: Special Purpose Label in the range of 0-15.

   *  TC: Traffic Class.

   *  TTL: Time To Live.

3.  Overview

   Encoding MPLS Network Actions requires two main parts.

      1.  Network Action Sub-stack Indicator (NASI Label) - This label
      indicates the presence of MPLS Network Action Sub-stack in the
      packet.  A new SPL (value TBA1) will be allocated for this
      purpose.

      2.  Network Action Encoding Format - The format in which the MPLS
      Network Actions can be carried in the MPLS packet.  This includes
      both In-Stack and Post-Stack Network Actions.

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    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |              Label                    | TC  |S|      TTL      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

               Figure 1: MPLS Label Stack Entry (LSE) Format

   New In-Stack MPLS Network Action encoding format is defined in this
   document to carry the In-Stack Network Action and its Ancillary Data
   in the MPLS Label Stack.

   *  It uses MPLS Label field to carry the Network Action Indicator
      Opcode, Flags and part of In-Stack Ancillary Data.

   *  It uses Traffic Class (TC) field to carry the Length of the In-
      Stack Network Action's Ancillary Data and Network Action I2E
      Scope.

   *  It uses MPLS Label and Time-To-Live (TTL) fields to carry the part
      of In-Stack Ancillary Data (can be Flags or Ancillary Data).

   The MPLS Network Action encoding formats defined in this document are
   flexible and allow to add In-Stack and Post-Stack MPLS Network
   Actions in a desired order in the same MPLS packet.

   A new SPL value (TBA1) is assigned to indicate the presence of the
   MPLS Network Action Sub-stack (NAS).

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     NASI=SPL (TBA1)                   | TC  |S|      TTL      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI               |ADL|E|S| INE,INI=1,IL  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Figure 2: New SPL as MPLS Network Action Sub-stack Indicator with ISD

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     NASI=SPL (TBA1)                   | TC  |S|      TTL      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI               | 0 |E|S| HPI,PNI=1,IL=0|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Figure 3: New SPL as MPLS Network Action Sub-stack Indicator with PSD

   First Word:

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   *  This is the new SPL, indicates the presence of NASI.  The TC and
      TTL fields of the NASI SPL are not re-purposed for encoding format
      flags, as the penultimate node on the MPLS packet path may
      propagate TTL from the transport (or forwarding) label to the next
      label on the label stack, overwriting the TTL on the next label.
      When the penultimate node is aware of the NASI SPL (value TBA1),
      it can also pop that label.  But when the penultimate node is not
      aware of the NASI SPL (value TBA1), this can cause encoding format
      flags in the TTL of the NASI (label TBA1) label to be lost.  This
      word helps to identify the presence of In-Stack and/or Post-Stack
      Network Actions.

   Second Word:

   This word contains the Base Header, which indicates the some of the
   base attributes of the In-Stack and Post-Stack NAIs encoded.  In this
   case, the TTL fields is re-purposed to encode the Base Header
   Information.  But the Label and TC fields are used to encode the
   Flag-based In-Stack NAIs.

   TTL Field

   The following are the information that are encoded as part of TTL
   field.

   *  IL (In-Stack Network Action Encoding Length) - The First 3-bits
      TTL field is used to indicate the length of the In-Stack MPLS
      Network Actions encoded in terms of words (32 bits).  For example,
      IL value "0" means there are no In-Stack Network Actions encoded.
      If IL value is "1" means there is one word worth of In-Stack
      Network Action is encoded.  This field is very helpful for the
      hardware ASICs to skip or process the In-Stack Network Actions.
      Using one NASI only 7 words of In-Stack Network Actions can be
      encoded.

   *  INI (In-Stack Network Action Presence Indicator) - This is the 5th
      bit in the TTL field.  This indicates the presence of the In-Stack
      Network Actions encoding.  This bit is defined to help the
      hardware ASICs to process the In-Stack Network Actions or skip.

   *  TBA4 - Bit 4 is reserved for future usage.

   *  PNI (Post-Stack Network Action Presence Indicator) - This is the
      6th bit in the TTL field.  This indicates the presence of the
      Post-Stack Network Actions encoding.  This bit is defined to help
      the hardware ASICs to process the encoded Post-Stack Network
      Actions.

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   *  HPI (Hop-By-Hop Post-Stack Network Action Processing Indicator) -
      This is the 7th bit in the TTL field.  This indicates the presence
      of the Post-Stack Network Actions encoded in the packet that
      required Hop-By-Hop processing.  This bit is defined to help the
      hardware ASICs to process the encoded Post-Stack Network Actions
      on all the mid-nodes.

   *  INE (In-Stack Network Action Extension Presence Indicator) - This
      is the 8th bit in the TTL field.  One NASI can encode only 7 words
      of In-Stack Network Actions.  If the user needs to encode more
      than 7 words of In-Stack Network, then this bit will indicate that
      it has another set of In-Stack Network Actions encoded.  This
      gives a flexibility to extend multiple sets of Network Action Sub-
      stack.  The Last Network Action Sub-stack will set the INE bit to
      "0".  This has been defined for more extensibility/flexibility in
      the future.  But at the same time, it is not advisable to encode
      more Ancillary Data for a specific In-Stack Network Actions.  If
      at all a Network Actions required more supporting Ancillary Data,
      then those Network Actions MUST be encoded as part of Post-Stack
      Network Actions.

   Label Field

   This field encoding the Flag-based NAIs which does not require any
   Ancillary data to be carried to process the In-Stack NAIs.

   *  The First bit MUST be set "1" to prevent aliasing with the
      existing SPLs.

   *  Next 19 bits will be used to encode In-Stack NAIs.  These Bit
      positions will be assigned by IANA.

   TC Field

   *  ADL (Additional Data Length) - The first 2 bits are used to encode
      the length of additional Flag-based NAIs that are carried.  This
      field is to extend the assignment of the Flag-based NAI bit
      position more than 19 (i.e) if IANA allocates bit position value
      more than 19, then it would take additional word to assign the new
      Flag-based In-Stack NAIs.  By default, this value will be "0".
      Depending on the number of words is encoded this value will get
      incremented.  The maximum value that is encoded would be "3"
      (i.e.) it allows additional 3 words to be encoded to carry Flag-
      based NAIs.

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   *  E-Bit (I2E Bit) - This Flag will NOT be set when the MNA carries
      Flag-based In-Stack NAIs that are to be processed at Hop-By-Hop.
      This will allow the ASICs in the mid nodes to process the Flag-
      based In-Stack NAIs easily.

4.  In-Stack MPLS Network Action Encoding

   This section describes the encoding format of the MPLS Network
   Actions carried as part of the MPLS Label Stack.  The encoding format
   defined is flexible (e.g., stackable opcodes in desired order),
   extensible (by defining new NAI-Opcodes) and ASIC friendly (by using
   Sub-stack Length, Opcode+Data in the same field).  This encoding
   format allows to carry Flag-based NAIs and the NAIs that required
   Ancillary Data in the same packet.

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      NASI=SPL (TBA1)                  | TC  |S|    TTL        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI               |ADL|E|S|   IL, INI=1   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | IS-NAI-Opcode |    Ancillary Data     |ADL|E|S| Ancillary Data|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

             Figure 4: In-Stack Network Action Encoding Format

   First Word:

   *  NASI will identify the presence of MPLS Network Action Sub-stacks.

   Second Word:

   This word contains the base MNA indicators and the Flag Based NAIs
   that has been described in the above section.

   *  INI flag is set to "1" to indicate the presence of any In-Stack
      MPLS Network Actions.

   *  IL will be set depending on the encoded In-Stack Network Actions.

   *  Flag-Based-NAI - Network Action that does not require Ancillary
      data to process can be encoded.  This has been described in detail
      in the above section.

   Third Word:

   This word contains the NAIs that requires some Ancillary Data to be
   processed.

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   Label Field:

   The first 8 bits are used to define the In-Stack Network Action
   Opcode (IS-NAI-Opcode).  The opcode method of identifying a specific
   Network Actions are common in today's hardware ASICs (Similar to any
   IPv4/IPv6/VxLAN header processing), so this method is easy to be
   adopted by the existing hardware.  This will allow the hardware ASICs
   to serially or in-parallel process the Network Actions.

   This opcode ranges from 1 to 255.  NAI-Opcode value of 0 is marked as
   invalid to avoid the label value aliasing with the reserved SPLs.

   *  IS-NAI-Opcode Value:1 - Opcode reserved to indicate the start
      offset of the Post-Stack Network Actions encoding after the MPLS
      Label Bottom of the Stack.  This can allow to carry Generic
      Control Word (0000b) [RFC4385] and G-ACh (0001b) [RFC5586] fields
      immediately after the BOS.  Adding of this opcode is not required
      when the BOS data starts immediately after the Bottom of the Label
      Stack (i.e. when offset is 0).

   *  IS-NAI-Opcode Value:2-254 - MUST be assigned by IANA.  When the
      opcode is allocated for a specific applications Network Action,
      the respective Ancillary Data format MUST be defined.  Also other
      required attributes of the Network Action MUST be defined like
      functionality, Hop-By-Hop Processing etc..

   *  IS-NAI-Opcode Value:255 - IANA Allocated for IS-NAI-Opcode range
      extension.  This gives the extensibility for opcode range beyond
      255.

   IS-NAI-Opcode/Flag-Based-NAI Bits MUST define the following procedure
   before it can be used:

      1.  Define the Data format for the MPLS Network Actions to be
      encoded.

      2.  Define the Hop-By-Hop or Ingress-To-Egress (only on the
      decapsulation node) processing scope.

      3.  The Hop-By-Hop IS-NAI-Opcodes MUST be placed before the
      Ingress-To-Egress IS-NAI-Opcodes in the MPLS Network Action Stack
      to optimize the Hop-By-Hop processing in hardware.

   Next 12 bits in the Label field and the 8 bits from the TTL field are
   used to carry Ancillary Data corresponding to the IS-NAI-Opcode.

   TC Field:

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   This field is used to indicate the following.

      ADL (Additional Data Length): This indicates the additional number
      of word fields used to encode Additional Ancillary Data.  By
      default, an IS-NAI-Opcode can carry 20 bits of Ancillary Data.  If
      a specific opcode needs to carry more than 20 bits of Ancillary
      Data, then this field should be encoded with the right value.  By
      default, the ADL value would be "0".  For example, if a specific
      opcode needs to carry 32 bits of Ancillary Data then the ADL value
      would be "1".  This will allow the hardware ASIC to easily move to
      the next opcode.  In some cases, if the node does not understand
      the opcode value, then this field will be used to skip the current
      opcode and move to the next opcode offset for further processing.

      E (I2E-Bit): In-Stack MPLS Network Action that requires processing
      only at the egress node.  This bit indicates will be set to "0" in
      case of Hop-By-Hop processing is required.

   TTL Field:

   This 8-bit field is used to carry In-Stack Ancillary Data apart from
   the 12 bits in the Label field.

   NOTE:

      An intermediate node may use the full MPLS Label Stack for ECMP
      hash computation hence the In-Stack MPLS extension header MUST NOT
      change the Label Field part of the IS-NA data within the same
      traffic flow.  But the TTL part of In-Stack Ancillary Data can
      change for the same traffic flow without affecting the ECMP hash.
      The In-Stack Network Action encoding defined above ensures this.

4.1.  In-Stack MPLS Network Action Encoding more than 20 bits of
      Ancillary Data

   In some cases, the In-Stack Network Action can require more than 20
   bits of supporting Ancillary Data.  In these cases, the following
   Ancillary Data encoding should be used.  This is applicable for the
   Flag-based In-Stack NAI encoding described in the section 3.1

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    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     NASI=SPL (TBA1)                   | TC  |S|      TTL      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI               |ADL|E|S|   IL, INI=1   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | IS-NAI-Opcode |    Ancillary Data     |ADL|E|S| Ancillary Data|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|     Additional Ancillary Data             |S| Ancillary Data|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 5: In-Stack Network Action With Additional Ancillary Data
                              Encoding Format

   First and Second Word:

   These values are already described in the above section.

   Third Word:

   These values are also described above, but the ADL length will be set
   to "1", to indicate the presence of additional word data that is
   carried.  This ADL length is corresponding to the specific opcode.

   Fourth Word:

   This is the Additional Ancillary Data that is encoded to support the
   IS-NAI-Opcode.  The below is the format to encode single additional
   word to carry Ancillary Data.  This format would be replicated for
   each additional word of Ancillary Data encoded.

   *  The first bit in the Label field MUST be set to "1".  This is to
      prevent aliasing the label field with other SPLs on the legacy
      routers.

   *  Next 19 bits of the Label field can be used to encode Ancillary
      Data.

   *  The TC field carries part of Additional Ancillary Data.

   *  The TTL field carries a part of the Additional Ancillary Data.

5.  Post-Stack MPLS Network Action Encoding

   Based on the PNI and HPI flags, the Post-Stack Network Actions will
   be processed.  The details of the Post-Stack Network Action encoding
   have been provided in [I-D.song-mpls-extension-header].

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6.  In-Stack Network Action Encoding Example-1 - Carrying Flag-based In-
    Stack Network Action without Ancillary Data

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     NASI=SPL (TBA1)                   |  TC |S|      TTL      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI               | 0 |E|S| IL=0, INI=1   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Figure 6: Example In-Stack Network Action Encoding Carrying Flag-
                                  based NA

   Second Word:

   Label Field:

   *  First bit MUST be set to "1".

   *  Next 19 bits are used to encode the flag-based Network Actions
      that do not need any corresponding Ancillary Data to process.
      Each Flag encoded is a unique Flag-based Network Action.  This
      Flag position will be assigned by IANA.  For example, an
      application-A can be allocated Flag position as "2" and another
      application-B can be allocated Flag position as "5".  If
      application-A and B needs to set their Network Actions then the
      Flag bit position "2" and "5" will be set.  The Flag positions are
      counted from left to right.

   TC Field:

      ADL - This value depends on the length of the Flag value the MPLS
      In-Stack header is carrying.  In this case the packet is carrying
      only bit position "1" and "3", the ADL value will be set to "0".

   TTL Field:

      INI flag is set to "1" to indicate the presence of In-Stack
      Network Actions.

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     NASI=SPL (TBA1)                   | TC  |S|     TTL       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI               | 1 |E|S| IL=1, INI=1   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1| Additional Flag-Based-NAI                 |S| Flag-Based-NAI|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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     Figure 7: Example In-Stack Network Action Encoding Carrying Flag-
                based NA with Flag position is more than 20

   In this Example, let us assume that an application-C has been
   allocated a Flag position of "21" by IANA, If the application-C needs
   to execute its Network Action on the MPLS packet then the 2nd bit in
   the third Label field will be set to indicate the Flags position
   "21".

   ADL is set to "1" indicates the Flag-Based-NAI word is encoded.

   If the Flag-Based-NAI contains Hop-By-Hop NA then this bit will be
   set to "0".

   IL is set to "1" indicates the additional In-Stack NAI word encoded.

   INI flag is set to indicate the presence of the In-Stack NAI.

   While encoding the Additional Ancillary Data, the Most Significant
   bit of the third Label Field MUST be set to "1" to prevent from
   aliasing with the reserved SPLs in the case of legacy devices.

7.  In-Stack Network Action Encoding Example-2 - Carrying Only Network
    Actions that require Ancillary Data

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     NASI=SPL (TBA1)                   | TC  |S|    TTL        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI=0             | 0 |E|S| IL=1, INI=1   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |IS-NAI-Opcode  |  Ancillary Data       | 0 |E|S| Ancillary Data|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Figure 8: Example In-Stack Network Action that requires Ancillary
                                    Data

   In this Example, the MNA is carrying only the In-Stack Network Action
   that requires Ancillary Data.

   Second Word:

   IL length is set to "1" to indicate an additional 1 word of IS-NA is
   encoded.

   INI flag is set to "1" to indicate the presence of In-Stack MPLS
   Network Actions.

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   Third Word:

   Label Field:

   *  First 8 bits encodes the In-Stack Network Action opcode.  In this
      case the IS-NAI-Opcode value ranges from 1 to 254.  This value is
      assigned by IANA.  This opcode value defines Ancillary Data format
      carried in the Label field and the TTL field.

   *  Next 12 bits are encoded with the Ancillary Data.

   TC Field:

      ADL - In this case, since the Ancillary Data that is encode is
      less than 21 bits, the value of ADL encoded is "0".

   TTL Field:

      8-bit field is used to encode the In-Stack Ancillary Data apart
      from 12-bit Label field.

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     NASI=SPL (TBA1)                   | TC  |S|     TTL       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI=0             | 0 |E|S| IL=2, INI=1   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |IS-NAI-Opcode  |   Ancillary Data      | 1 |E|S| Ancillary Data|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|  Additional Ancillary Data              |E|S| Ancillary Data|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Figure 9: Example In-Stack Network Action that requires Ancillary
                      Data of more than 20-bit length

   In this example, the IS-NA carries more than 20-bit of Ancillary
   Data.

   Second Word:

   *  IL length is set to "2" to indicate an additional 2 word of IS-NA
      is encoded.

   *  INI flag is set to "1" to indicate the presence of In-Stack MPLS
      Network Actions.

   Third Word:

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   *  The IS-NAI opcode and the first part of the Ancillary Data is
      encoded.

   *  ADL is set to "1", indicating the presence of additional word of
      Ancillary data corresponding to this opcode.

   Fourth Word:

   *  First bit in the Label field MUST be set to "1".

   *  Rest of the 19bits Label field, TC and TTL field May contain the
      Ancillary data corresponding to the above opcode encoded.

   Since it carried additional "1" word worth of Ancillary Data, ADL
   value in the second MPLS TC field is set to "1".

   While encoding the Additional Ancillary Data, the Most Significant
   bit of the Label Field MUST be set to "1" to prevent from aliasing
   with the reserved SPLs in the case of legacy devices.

8.  In-Stack Network Action Encoding Example-3 - Carrying Multiple
    Network Actions that require Ancillary Data

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     NASI=SPL (TBA1)                   |  TC |S|     TTL       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI=0             | 0 |E|S| IL=2, INI=1   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |IS-NAI-Opcode=3| Ancillary Data3       | 0 |E|S|Ancillary Data3|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |IS-NAI-Opcode=5| Ancillary Data5       | 0 |E|S|Ancillary Data5|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 10: Example In-Stack Network Action Carrying Multiple NA
                          with the Ancillary Data

   This is the example where the MPLS packet carries multiple In-Stack
   Network Actions that require Ancillary Data to process.

   Thrid Word

      Label-Field - First 8-bit field is used to represent In-Stack
      Network Action Opcode value "3".  The next 12 bits indicates the
      first 12 bits of Ancillary Data corresponding to the Opcode "3".

      TC-Field - ADL - Since no Additional Ancillary Data is encoded or
      the opcode "3", this field is set to "0".

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      TTL-Field - This 8-bit indicates the rest of eight bits of
      Ancillary Data corresponding to the opcode "3".

   Fourth Word

      Label-Field - First 8-bit field is used to represent In-Stack
      Network Action Opcode value "4".  The next 12 bits indicates the
      first 12 bits of Ancillary Data corresponding to the Opcode "4".

      TC-Field - ADL - Since no Additional Ancillary Data is encoded or
      the opcode "4", this field is set to "0".

      TTL-Field - This 8-bit indicates the rest of the eight bits of
      Ancillary Data corresponding to the opcode "4".

9.  Node Capability Signaling

   The node capability for the MPLS Network Action must be signaled
   before the MPLS Encapsulating node can add the necessary MPLS Network
   Action in the MPLS Label Stack.  The capability signaling will be
   added in LDP, RSVP-TE, BGP, IS-IS, OSPF, BGP-LS, etc.  This is
   outside the scope of this document.

10.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations in [RFC3032] also apply to the extensions
   defined in this document.  The NASI Label MUST NOT be exposed to the
   node which does not support it.

11.  Backward Compatibility

   *  For the legacy node that does not advertise the MPLS Network
      Action capability, the Encapsulating node MUST make sure that the
      MPLS Network Action Sub-stack indicator is not at the top of the
      MPLS Label Stack to avoid dropping the packets.  Based on the
      signalling, if the MPLS egress node is not capable of the
      processing MPLS Network Actions then it should not add MNA in the
      packet.  In the worst case, if the legacy routes that does not
      understand the new SPL allocated then those routers will drop the
      packets.

   *  The MPLS Network Action Encoding format is designed to make sure
      that it does not alias with any reserved SPL.

   *  The MPLS Network Actions can co-exist with the existing GAL /
      G-ACh based encoding of data.

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   *  The TC and TTL fields of the NASI SPL are not re-purposed for
      encoding, as the penultimate node on the MPLS packet path may
      propagate TTL from the transport (or forwarding) label to the next
      label on the label stack, overwriting the TTL on the next label.
      When the penultimate node is aware of the NASI SPL (value TBA1),
      it can also pop that label.  But when the penultimate node is not
      aware of the NASI SPL (value TBA1), this can cause encoding format
      flags in the TTL of the NASI (label TBA1) label to be lost.

12.  Processing In-Stack MPLS Network Actions

   Encapsulating Node:

   *  MUST NOT add In-Stack MPLS Network Action Sub-stack if the
      decapsulation node is not capable of In-Stack MPLS Network Action.

   *  SHOULD NOT change the IS-NAI-Opcode and the first 12 bits of the
      In-Stack Ancillary Data for the same packet flow to avoid ECMP
      path change.

   *  MAY change In-Stack Ancillary Data part present only in the TTL
      field for the same packet flow.

   *  MUST ensure that the penultimate node does not remove the MPLS
      Network Action Sub-stack.

   Intermediate Node:

   *  MUST ignore the IS-NAI-Opcode that are not supported.

   *  MUST NOT add In-Stack MPLS Network Action Sub-stack if the
      decapsulation node is not capable of In-Stack MPLS Network
      Actions.

   *  SHOULD NOT change the IS-NAI-Opcode and the first 12 bits of the
      In-Stack Ancillary Data for the same packet flow.

   *  MAY change In-Stack Ancillary Data part present only in the TTL
      field for the same packet flow.

   *  MAY remove the IS-NAI-Opcode and its corresponding data for all
      matching packet flow.

   Decapsulating Node:

   *  MUST remove the In-Stack MPLS Network Action Sub-stack.

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13.  IANA Considerations

   Below are the IANA actions which this document is requesting.

   The registries created by this document will be collected in a new
   registry grouping called "MPLS Network Action," which will be located
   at https://www.iana.org/assignments/mpls-network-action.

13.1.  IANA Considerations for MNA Encoding Flags

   IANA is requested to create a new registry with name "MNA Encoding
   Flags" to assign the bit position and the meaning to the Flags to
   repurpose TTL and TC fields in the Label Stack Entry (LSE).

              +==============+=============+===============+
              | Bit Position | Description | Reference     |
              +==============+=============+===============+
              | 11-0         | IETF Review | This document |
              +--------------+-------------+---------------+

                   Table 1: MNA Encoding Flags Registry

   Following MNA Encoding Flag values are assigned from this registry.

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   +=======+==============================================+===========+
   | Value | Description                                  | Reference |
   +=======+==============================================+===========+
   | 0-2   | In-Stack Network Action Encoding Length (IL) | This      |
   |       |                                              | document  |
   +-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+
   | 3     | Reserved                                     | This      |
   |       |                                              | document  |
   +-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+
   | 4     | In-Stack Network Action Presence Indicator   | This      |
   |       | (INI)                                        | document  |
   +-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+
   | 5     | Post-Stack Network Action Presence Indicator | This      |
   |       | (PNI)                                        | document  |
   +-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+
   | 6     | Hop-By-Hop Post-Stack Network Action         | This      |
   |       | Processing Indicator (HPI)                   | document  |
   +-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+
   | 7     | In-Stack Network Action Extension Presence   | This      |
   |       | Indicator (INE)                              | document  |
   +-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+
   | 8     | End of Stack (S)                             | This      |
   |       |                                              | document  |
   +-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+
   | 9-10  | Additional Data Length (ADL)                 | This      |
   |       |                                              | document  |
   +-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+
   | 11    | Ingress-To-Egress (E)                        | This      |
   |       |                                              | document  |
   +-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+

                    Table 2: MNA Encoding Flag Values

13.2.  IANA Considerations Flag-based Network Actions

   IANA is requested to create a new registry with name "In-Stack MPLS
   Network Action Indicator Flags" to assign the bit position and the
   meaning to the Flag-based Network Actions upon the user request.
   Based on the need this registry will be extended more than 19 bit
   positions.

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              +==============+=============+===============+
              | Bit Position | Description | Reference     |
              +==============+=============+===============+
              | 18-0         | Unassigned  | This document |
              +--------------+-------------+---------------+

                  Table 3: In-Stack MPLS Network Action
                         Indicator Flags Registry

13.3.  IANA Considerations for IS-NAI-Opcode

   IANA is requested to create a new registry with name "In-Stack MPLS
   Network Action Indicator Opcodes" to assign IS-NAI-Opcode values.
   All code-points in the range 1 through 175 in this registry shall be
   allocated according to the "IETF Review" procedure as specified in
   [RFC8126].  Code points in the range 176 through 239 in this registry
   shall be allocated according to the "First Come First Served"
   procedure as specified in [RFC8126].  Remaining code-points are
   allocated according to Table 4:

          +===========+=========================+===============+
          | Value     |       Description       | Reference     |
          +===========+=========================+===============+
          | 0 - 175   |       IETF Review       | This document |
          +-----------+-------------------------+---------------+
          | 176 - 239 | First Come First Served | This document |
          +-----------+-------------------------+---------------+
          | 240 - 251 |     Experimental Use    | This document |
          +-----------+-------------------------+---------------+
          | 252 - 254 |       Private Use       | This document |
          +-----------+-------------------------+---------------+

              Table 4: In-Stack MPLS Network Action Indicator
                              Opcodes Registry

   Following IS-NAI-Opcode Indicator values are assigned from this
   registry.

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          +=======+=============================+===============+
          | Value | Description                 | Reference     |
          +=======+=============================+===============+
          | 0     | Reserved                    | This document |
          +-------+-----------------------------+---------------+
          | 1     | Offset of start of Post-    | This document |
          |       | Stack Network Action Header |               |
          +-------+-----------------------------+---------------+
          | 255   | Opcode Range Extension      | This document |
          |       | Beyond 255                  |               |
          +-------+-----------------------------+---------------+

             Table 5: In-Stack Network Action Indicator Opcode
                                   Values

13.4.  IANA Considerations for New Special Purpose Label

   IANA is requested to allocate a value TBA1 for the SPL label from the
   "Base Special-Purpose MPLS Label Values" registry to indicate the
   presence of MNA Sub-stack.

14.  Appendix

14.1.  Alternate approach for In-Stack Network Action Encoding

   Instead of encoding In-Stack Network Action Indicator Opcode in the
   Label field, here is an alternate way of adding In-Stack Network
   Action Indicator Opcode in the TTL field.

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      NASI=SPL (TBA1)                  |  TC |S|    TTL        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|        Flag-Based-NAI               | 0 |E|S| IL=1, INI=1   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |1|         Ancillary Data              |ADL|E|S| IS-NAI-Opcode |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

        Figure 11: Alternate In-Stack Network Action Encoding Format

   INI flag is set to "1" to indicate the presence of In-Stack MPLS
   Network Actions.

   Since In-Stack MPLS Network Action encoding is part of the MPLS
   Header, the MPLS Header is redefined to encode the MPLS Network
   Actions.

   Fourth Word:

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   Label Field:

      Most significant bit is always set to "1" to avoid aliasing with
      the reserved SPLs.

      Rest of the 19 bits in the Label can be used to carry the
      Ancillary Data corresponding to the IS-NAI-Opcode.

   TC Field:

      ADL (Additional Data Length): Length of Additional Ancillary Data
      that is encoded.

   TTL Field:

   This carries In-Stack Network Action Indicator Opcode.

15.  References

15.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3032]  Rosen, E., Tappan, D., Fedorkow, G., Rekhter, Y.,
              Farinacci, D., Li, T., and A. Conta, "MPLS Label Stack
              Encoding", RFC 3032, DOI 10.17487/RFC3032, January 2001,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3032>.

   [RFC8126]  Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
              Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
              RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

15.2.  Informative References

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   [I-D.song-mpls-extension-header]
              Song, H., Li, Z., Zhou, T., Andersson, L., Zhang, Z.,
              Gandhi, R., Rajamanickam, J., and J. Bhattacharya, "MPLS
              Extension Header", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-song-mpls-extension-header-07, 8 July 2022,
              <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-song-mpls-
              extension-header-07.txt>.

   [I-D.andersson-mpls-mna-fwk]
              Andersson, L., Bryant, S., and M. Bocci, "MPLS Network
              Actions Framework", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-andersson-mpls-mna-fwk-04.txt, 27 June 2022,
              <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-andersson-mpls-mna-
              fwk-04.txt>.

   [I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-requirements]
              Bocci, M., Bryant, S., and J. Drake, "Requirements for
              MPLS Network Action Indicators and MPLS Ancillary Data",
              Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-mna-
              requirements-01.txt, 21 June 2022,
              <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-mpls-mna-
              requirements-01.txt>.

   [I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-usecases]
              Saad, T., Makhijani, K., and H. Song, "Usecases for MPLS
              Indicators and Ancillary Data", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-mna-usecases-00, 19 May
              2022, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-mpls-
              mna-usecases-00.txt>.

   [RFC5586]  Bocci, M., Ed., Vigoureux, M., Ed., and S. Bryant, Ed.,
              "MPLS Generic Associated Channel", RFC 5586,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5586, June 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5586>.

   [RFC4385]  Bryant, S., Swallow, G., Martini, L., and D. McPherson,
              "Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Control Word for
              Use over an MPLS PSN", RFC 4385, DOI 10.17487/RFC4385,
              February 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4385>.

Acknowledgments

   The authors of this document would like to thank the MPLS Working
   Group Design Team for the discussions and comments on this document.
   The authors would also like to thank Amanda Baber for reviewing the
   IANA Considerations and providing many useful suggestions.

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Contributors

   TBA

Authors' Addresses

   Jaganbabu Rajamanickam (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Canada
   Email: jrajaman@cisco.com

   Rakesh Gandhi (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Canada
   Email: rgandhi@cisco.com

   Jisu Bhattacharya
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Email: jisu@cisco.com

   Bruno Decraene
   Orange
   Email: bruno.decraene@orange.com

   Royi Zigler
   Broadcom
   Email: royi.zigler@broadcom.com

   Weiqiang Cheng
   China Mobile
   Email: chengweiqiang@chinamobile.com

   Luay Jalil
   Verizon
   Email: luay.jalil@verizon.com

   Haoyu Song
   Futurewei Technologies
   Email: haoyu.song@futurewei.com

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   Xiao Min
   ZTE Corp.
   Email: xiao.min2@zte.com.cn

   Bin Wen
   Comcast
   Email: Bin_Wen@cable.comcast.com

   Sami Boutros
   Ciena
   Email: sboutros@ciena.com

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