An Intent-Based Management Framework for Software-Defined Vehicles in Intelligent Transportation Systems
draft-jeong-opsawg-intent-based-sdv-framework-00
| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (individual) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Jaehoon Paul Jeong , Yiwen Shen | ||
| Last updated | 2024-03-04 | ||
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draft-jeong-opsawg-intent-based-sdv-framework-00
Operations and Management Area Working Group J. Jeong, Ed.
Internet-Draft Y. Shen
Intended status: Informational Sungkyunkwan University
Expires: 5 September 2024 4 March 2024
An Intent-Based Management Framework for Software-Defined Vehicles in
Intelligent Transportation Systems
draft-jeong-opsawg-intent-based-sdv-framework-00
Abstract
Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV) is a new player towards autonomous
vehicles in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). An SDV is
constructed by a software platform like a cloud-native system like
Kubernetes and has its internal network. To facilitate the easy and
efficient configuration of networks in the SDV, an intent-based
management is an appropriate direction. This document proposes a
framework of intent-based management for networks, security, and
applications in SDVs so that they can communicate with other SDVs and
infrastructure nodes for safe driving and infotainment services in
the road networks.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 5 September 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
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provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Intent-Based Management Framework for Software-Defined
Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Appendix A. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix B. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. Introduction
Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV) is a new paradigm in Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS). The SDVs interact with each other and
infrastructure (e.g., edge servers) for safe driving and infotainment
services through vehicular networks, as shown in Figure 1. SDVs can
communicates with each other via Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
communications. They can communicate with infrastructure nodes
(e.g., gNodeB in 5G [TS-23.501]) via Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
communications.
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Vehicular Cloud
*******************************************
* *
* +------------------+ *
* | Cloud Controller | *
* +------------------+ *
* ^ *
* | *
* v *
*******************************************
^ +------------+ ^ +------------+ ^ +------------+
| |Edge-Server1| | |Edge-Server2| | |Edge-Server3|
| +------------+ | +------------+ | +------------+
| ^ | ^ | ^
| | | | | |
v V v V v V
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+
| IP-RSU1 |<------->| IP-RSU2 |<------>| IP-RSU3 |
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+
^ ^ ^
: : :
+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
| : V2I | | : V2I | | : V2I |
| v | | v | | v |
+--------+ | +--------+ | | +--------+ | | +--------+ |
| SDV1 |===> | SDV2 |===>| | | SDV3 |===>| | | SDV4 |===>|
+--------+<...>+--------+<........>+--------+ | | +--------+ |
V2V ^ V2V ^ | | ^ |
| : V2V | | : V2V | | : V2V |
| v | | v | | v |
| +--------+ | | +--------+ | | +--------+ |
| | SDV5 |===> | | | SDV6 |===>| | | SDV7 |==>|
| +--------+ | | +--------+ | | +--------+ |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
Subnet1 Subnet2 Subnet3
(Prefix1) (Prefix2) (Prefix3)
<----> Wired Link <....> Wireless Link ===> Moving Direction
Figure 1: Vehicular Networks for Software-Defined Vehicles
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SDV is regarded as a future platform for autonomous vehicles and
electric vehicles. Many automotive-related companies are developing
the platform of SDVs, such as AUTOSAR [AUTOSAR-SDV] and Eclipse SDV
[Eclipse-SDV]. An SDV consists of computing devices, operating
systems, and a cloud-native platform (e.g., Kubernetes [Kubernetes]).
Kubernetes is an open-source platform for managing containerized
workloads and services with portability and extendibility. It can
facilitate intent-based management with both declarative
configuration and automation.
An SDV needs an intent-based management for networks and security
inside its in-vehicle networks. An intent is a declarative command
to request a configuration for a network or security function
[TS-28.312][TR-28.812]. It emphasizes more on ``What'' is needed
(i.e., declarative command) to be accomplished than ``How'' it should
be accomplished (i.e., imperative command). Since there are a huge
number of vehicles produced by each automotive company, the networks
and security for the SDV needs to be remotely configured and
monitored by a control center of each automotive company. The in-
vehicle networks are based on Gigabit Ethernet and can be configured
as multiple subnets including Electric Control Units (ECU) and
infotainment devices. It requires huge overhead for an operator to
configure and monitor networks and security for those in-vehicle
networks.
This document proposes a framework of intent-based management for
networks, security, and applications in SDVs that are Service
Functions (SFs). Such SFs can be contructed and managed by Software-
Defined Networking (SDN) [RFC7149], Network Functions Virtualization
(NFV) [ETSI-NFV][ETSI-NFV-Release-2], and Cloud Native Computing
Platform (e.g., Kubernetes [Kubernetes]). This framework automates
the configuration and monitoring for the networks and security in
each SDV through a vehicular cloud and the SDV's mobile network. An
SDV User (i.e., administrator) for the management of SDVs can
configure and monitor the networks and security through an intent.
The intent from the SDV User is delivered to a Cloud Controller in
charge of a vehicular cloud for SDVs. The Cloud Controller
translates the intent into the corresponding high-level policy, and
delivers the high-level policy to an SDV Controller in charge of an
SDV. The SDV translates the high-level policy into the corresponding
low-level policy and delivered it to an appropriate Network Function
(NF) for a specific service (e.g., router, firewall, and navigator)
in the SDV.
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2. Terminology
This document uses the terminology described in [RFC8329],
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability],
[I-D.jeong-i2nsf-security-management-automation],
[I-D.jeong-nmrg-ibn-network-management-automation], and
[I-D.yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation]. In addition, the
following terms are defined below:
* Intent: A set of operational goals (that a network should meet)
and outcomes (that a network is supposed to deliver) defined in a
declarative manner without specifying how to achieve or implement
them [RFC9315].
* Intent-Based Management (IBM): It enforces an intent from a user
(or administrator) into a target system (e.g., SDV). An intent
can be expressed as a Natural Language (e.g., English) and can be
translated into a high-level policy by a Natural Language
Processing (NLP) [USENIX-ATC-Lumi][BERT] [Deep-Learning]. In this
document, the intent can be translated into the corresponding
high-level policy by an intent translator
[I-D.jeong-i2nsf-security-management-automation]. The high-level
policy can also be translated into the corresponding low-level
policy by a policy translator
[I-D.yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation]. The low-level
policy is dispatched to appropriate Service Functions (SFs).
Through the monitoring of the SFs, the activity and performace of
the SFs is monitored and analyzed. If needed, the rules of the
high-level or low-level network policy are augmented or new rules
are generated and configured to appropriate SFs.
3. Intent-Based Management Framework for Software-Defined Vehicles
SDVs are managed and monitored by the vehicular cloud. They get help
for software updates as well as the configuration of their networks
and security from the vehicular cloud. Figure 1 shows a vehicular
network architecture for SDVs. SDVs as vehicles can communicate with
each other via V2V and with infrastructure nodes such as IP Road-Side
Unit (IP-RSU), for example, gNodeB in 5G networks, respectively.
Edge servers can help SDVs to perform their safe driving by
processing environmental data collected by the SDVs and giving
maneuver guidance to the SDVs.
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+-----------------+
(*)<........>(*) +----->| Vehicular Cloud |
(2001:db8:1:1::/64) | | | +-----------------+
+------------------------------+ +---------------------------------+
| v | | v v |
| +---------+ +-------+ | | +-------+ +---------+ |
| |Navigator| |IP-OBU1| | | |IP-RSU1| |Navigator| |
| +---------+ +-------+ | | +-------+ +---------+ |
| ^ ^ | | ^ ^ |
| | | | | | | |
| v v | | v v |
| ---------------------------- | | ------------------------------- |
| 2001:db8:10:1::/64 ^ | | ^ 2001:db8:20:1::/64 |
| | | | | |
| v | | v |
| +---------+ +-------+ | | +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
| |Firewall | |Router1| | | |Router2| |Server1|...|ServerN| |
| +---------+ +-------+ | | +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
| ^ ^ | | ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | | | | | |
| v v | | v v v |
| ---------------------------- | | ------------------------------- |
| 2001:db8:10:2::/64 | | 2001:db8:20:2::/64 |
+------------------------------+ +---------------------------------+
SDV1 (Mobile Network1) EN1 (Fixed Network1)
<----> Wired Link <....> Wireless Link (*) Antenna
Figure 2: In-Vehicle Network and Edge Network
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An SDV has its own internal networks (called in-vehicle networks), as
shown in Figure 2. The in-vehicle networks consist of multiple
subnets connected with each other through routers. IP On-Board Unit
(IP-OBU) is a network device in an SDV that has a basic processing
ability and can be driven by a low-power CPU (e.g., ARM) with 5G
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication device [RFC9365]. IP Road-
Side Unit (IP-RSU) is a network device situated along the road as an
infrastructure node. It has at least two distinct IP-enabled
interfaces where one is for 5G V2X and the other is for the wired
network connected to the vehicular cloud [RFC9365]. An Edge Network
(EN) is a radio access network which has an IP-RSU for wireless
communication with other SDVs having an IP-OBU and wired
communication with other network devices (e.g., routers, IP-RSUs, and
edge servers) [RFC9365]. As shown in Figure 2, the IPv6 prefixes
should be configured for the in-vehicle network (called mobile
network) and Edge Network (called EN). Also, for V2X IP networking,
the wireless interfaces of IP-OBU and IP-RSU should be configured
with appropriate IPv6 network prefixes and default gateways towards
the infrastructure network connected to the vehicular cloud.
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<Vehicular Cloud (VC)>
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +------------------+ +--------------------+ |
| | SDV User | +---------->| SDV Database | |
| +------------------+ | +--------------------+ |
| ^ | ^ |
| | Consumer-Facing | Management | Analytics |
| | Interface (Intent) | Interface | Interface |
| V | V |
| +------------------+<---------+ +--------------------+ |
| |Cloud Controller | |Vendor's Mgmt System|<-+ |
| +------------------+<-------------------->+--------------------+ | |
| ^ Analytics Interface | |
| | | |
+----------|--------------------------------------------------------|-+
| Controller-Facing Interface Analytics |
| (High-level Policy) Interface |
+----------|--------------------------------------------------------|-+
| | | |
| v | |
| +------------------+ Registration +--------------------+ | |
| | SDV Controller |<-------------------->|Vendor's Mgmt System| | |
| +------------------+ Interface +--------------------+ | |
| ^ ^ | |
| | | | |
| | | Analytics Interface +--------------------+ | |
| | +------------------------>| SDV Analyzer |<-+ |
| | +--------------------+ |
| | Service-Facing Interface ^ ^ ^ |
| | (Low-level Policy) | | | |
| | | | | |
| | +------------------------------+ | | |
| | | +-----------------------+ | |
| | | | Monitoring Interface | |
| v v v v |
| +---------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+ |
| | SF-1 |--| SF-2 |........| SF-n | |
| | (Router) | | (Firewall) | | (Navigator) | |
| +---------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
<Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV)>
Figure 3: Intent-Based Management Framework for Software-Defined
Vehicles
For the automatic network configuration of SDVs, an intent-based
management is required between the vehicular cloud and SDVs
[I-D.jeong-nmrg-ibn-network-management-automation]. Figure 3 shows a
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framework of intent-based management for SDVs. The framework
consists of a vehicular cloud and SDVs. The vehicular cloud consists
of SDV User (as network administrator), Cloud Controller (as an
orchestrator for a vehicular cloud), SDV Database (as a main
repository for SDV management and monitoring), and Cloud Analyzer (as
a monitoring data analyzer for SDVs) such as Network Data Analytics
Function (NWDAF) in 5G networks [TS-23.288][TS-29.520]. The SDV is
composed of SDV Controller (as a manager for an SDV), SDV Analyzer
(as a monitoring data analyzer for an SDV)
[I-D.jeong-nmrg-ibn-network-management-automation], Vendor's
Management System (as a vendor system to provide cloud-native
containers) [RFC8329][I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability], and Network
Functions (NF) such as router, DNS server, and firewall
[I-D.jeong-nmrg-ibn-network-management-automation]. In this figure,
interfaces are defined between a pair of system components in the
vehicular cloud and SDV. The intent, high-level policy, and low-
level policy can be either XML documents [RFC6020][RFC7950] or YAML
documents [YAML]. They can be delivered to the destination
components via NETCONF [RFC6241], RESTCONF [RFC8040], or REST API
[REST].
As shown in Figure 3, the Intent-Based Management SDV Framework
enforces an intent from an SDV User, which as a user (or
administrator), into a target system such as SDV. The intent from
the SDV User can be translated into the corresponding high-level
policy by an intent translator in the Cloud Controller of the
Vehicular Cloud [I-D.jeong-i2nsf-security-management-automation].
The high-level policy can also be translated into the corresponding
low-level policy by a policy translator in the SDV Controller of the
SDV [I-D.yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation]. The low-level
policy is dispatched from the SDV Controller to appropriate Service
Functions (SFs) in the SDV, such as Router, Firewall, and Navigator,
as shown in the figure. Through the monitoring of the SFs, the
activity and performace of the SFs in the SDV is monitored and
analyzed by the SDV Analyzer in the SDV. If needed, the rules of the
high-level or low-level network policy can be augmented by the SDV
Analyzer. Also, new rules can be automatically generated and
configured to appropriate SFs by the SDV Analyzer.
Therefore, this document proposes a framework of intent-based
management for networks in a Software-Defined Vehicle (called SDV).
Through this intent-based management, SDVs can communicate with other
SDVs and infrastructure nodes (e.g., IP-RSU) via V2X communications
for safe driving and infotainment services in vehicular networks. As
future work, we will design and implement YANG data models for the
system components and interfaces in the intent-based management
framework for SDVs.
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4. IANA Considerations
This document does not require any IANA actions.
5. Security Considerations
The same security considerations for the Interface to Network
Security Functions (I2NSF) Framework [RFC8329] are applicable to the
intent-based management framework this document.
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.
[RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
(NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.
[RFC7950] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.
[RFC8040] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.
[RFC8329] Lopez, D., Lopez, E., Dunbar, L., Strassner, J., and R.
Kumar, "Framework for Interface to Network Security
Functions", RFC 8329, DOI 10.17487/RFC8329, February 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8329>.
[RFC9315] Clemm, A., Ciavaglia, L., Granville, L. Z., and J.
Tantsura, "Intent-Based Networking - Concepts and
Definitions", RFC 9315, DOI 10.17487/RFC9315, October
2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9315>.
[RFC9365] Jeong, J., Ed., "IPv6 Wireless Access in Vehicular
Environments (IPWAVE): Problem Statement and Use Cases",
RFC 9365, DOI 10.17487/RFC9365, March 2023,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9365>.
6.2. Informative References
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[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability]
Jeong, J. P., Hyun, S., Ahn, T., Hares, S., and D. Lopez,
"Applicability of Interfaces to Network Security Functions
to Network-Based Security Services", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-applicability-18, 16
September 2019, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-ietf-i2nsf-applicability-18>.
[I-D.jeong-i2nsf-security-management-automation]
Jeong, J. P., Lingga, P., Jung-Soo, J., Lopez, D., and S.
Hares, "Security Management Automation of Cloud-Based
Security Services in I2NSF Framework", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-jeong-i2nsf-security-management-
automation-07, 7 February 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-jeong-i2nsf-
security-management-automation-07>.
[I-D.jeong-nmrg-ibn-network-management-automation]
Jeong, J. P., Ahn, Y., Kim, Y., and J. Jung-Soo, "Intent-
Based Network Management Automation in 5G Networks", Work
in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-jeong-nmrg-ibn-network-
management-automation-03, 6 November 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-jeong-nmrg-
ibn-network-management-automation-03>.
[I-D.yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation]
Jeong, J. P., Lingga, P., and J. Yang, "Guidelines for
Security Policy Translation in Interface to Network
Security Functions", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation-16, 7
February 2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation-16>.
[YAML] Ingerson, B., Evans, C., and O. Ben-Kiki, "Yet Another
Markup Language (YAML) 1.0",
Available: https://yaml.org/spec/history/2001-05-26.html,
October 2023.
[TS-23.501]
"System Architecture for the 5G System (5GS)", Available:
https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/
SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3144, September
2023.
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[TS-28.312]
"Intent Driven Management Services for Mobile Networks",
Available:
https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/
SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3554, September
2023.
[TR-28.812]
"Study on Scenarios for Intent Driven Management Services
for Mobile Networks", Available:
https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/
SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3553, December
2020.
[TS-23.288]
"Architecture Enhancements for 5G System (5GS) to Support
Network Data Analytics Services", Available:
https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/
SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3579, September
2023.
[TS-29.520]
"Network Data Analytics Services", Available:
https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/
SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3355, September
2023.
[RFC7149] Boucadair, M. and C. Jacquenet, "Software-Defined
Networking: A Perspective from within a Service Provider
Environment", RFC 7149, March 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7149>.
[ETSI-NFV] "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Architectural
Framework", Available:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/
nfv/001_099/002/01.02.01_60/gs_nfv002v010201p.pdf,
December 2014.
[ETSI-NFV-Release-2]
"Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Release 2;
Management and Orchestration; Architectural Framework
Specification", Available:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/
nfv/001_099/006/02.01.01_60/gs_nfv006v020101p.pdf, January
2021.
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[REST] Fielding, R. and R. Taylor, "Principled Design of the
Modern Web Architecture", ACM Transactions on Internet
Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 2,,
Available: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/514183.514185,
May 2002.
[USENIX-ATC-Lumi]
Jacobs, A., Pfitscher, R., Ribeiro, R., Ferreira, R.,
Granville, L., Willinger, W., and S. Rao, "Hey, Lumi!
Using Natural Language for Intent-Based Network
Management", USENIX Annual Technical Conference,
Available:
https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc21/presentation/
jacobs, July 2021.
[BERT] Devlin, J., Chang, M., Lee, K., and K. Toutanova, "BERT:
Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for
Language Understanding", NAACL-HLT Conference,
Available: https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423.pdf, June
2019.
[Deep-Learning]
Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., and A. Courville, "Deep
Learning", Publisher: The MIT Press,
Available: https://www.deeplearningbook.org/, November
2016.
[AUTOSAR-SDV]
"AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform", Available:
https://www.autosar.org/standards/adaptive-platform, March
2024.
[Eclipse-SDV]
"Eclipse Software Defined Vehicle Working Group Charter",
Available: https://www.eclipse.org/org/workinggroups/sdv-
charter.php, March 2024.
[Kubernetes]
"Kubernetes: Cloud Native Computing Platform",
Available: https://kubernetes.io/, March 2024.
Appendix A. Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by Institute of Information &
Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded
by the Korea Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT)(No. 2022-0-01015,
Development of Candidate Element Technology for Intelligent 6G Mobile
Core Network).
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This work was supported in part by Institute of Information &
Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded
by the Korea Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (No. 2022-0-01199,
Regional strategic industry convergence security core talent training
business).
Appendix B. Contributors
This document is made by the group effort of OPWAWG, greatly
benefiting from inputs and texts by Linda Dunbar (Futurewei) Yong-
Geun Hong (Daejeon University), and Joo-Sang Youn (Dong-Eui
University). The authors sincerely appreciate their contributions.
The following are coauthors of this document:
Yoseop Ahn
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 31 299 4106
Email: ahnjs124@skku.edu
URI: http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-Ahn-Yoseop.php
Mose Gu
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 31 299 4106
Email: rna0415@skku.edu
URI: http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-Moses-Gu.php
Authors' Addresses
Jaehoon Paul Jeong (editor)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Jeong & Shen Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 14]
Internet-Draft An Intent-Based SDV Framework March 2024
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 31 299 4957
Email: pauljeong@skku.edu
URI: http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-jaehoon-jeong.php
Yiwen Shen
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 31 299 4106
Email: chrisshen@skku.edu
URI: https://chrisshen.github.io
Jeong & Shen Expires 5 September 2024 [Page 15]