Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol Generic Requirements
RFC 4657
| Document | Type | RFC - Informational (September 2006; No errata) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Jean-Louis Roux , Gerald Ash | ||
| Last updated | 2015-10-14 | ||
| Replaces | draft-ash-pce-comm-protocol-gen-reqs | ||
| Stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Formats | plain text html pdf htmlized bibtex | ||
| Stream | WG state | (None) | |
| Document shepherd | No shepherd assigned | ||
| IESG | IESG state | RFC 4657 (Informational) | |
| Action Holders |
(None)
|
||
| Consensus Boilerplate | Unknown | ||
| Telechat date | |||
| Responsible AD | Ross Callon | ||
| Send notices to | (None) | ||
Network Working Group J. Ash, Ed.
Request for Comments: 4657 AT&T
Category: Informational J.L. Le Roux, Ed.
France Telecom
September 2006
Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol
Generic Requirements
Status of This Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Abstract
The PCE model is described in the "PCE Architecture" document and
facilitates path computation requests from Path Computation Clients
(PCCs) to Path Computation Elements (PCEs). This document specifies
generic requirements for a communication protocol between PCCs and
PCEs, and also between PCEs where cooperation between PCEs is
desirable. Subsequent documents will specify application-specific
requirements for the PCE communication protocol.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Conventions Used in This Document ...............................3
3. Terminology .....................................................3
4. Overview of PCE Communication Protocol (PCECP) ..................4
5. PCE Communication Protocol Generic Requirements .................5
5.1. Basic Protocol Requirements ................................5
5.1.1. Commonality of PCC-PCE and PCE-PCE Communication ....5
5.1.2. Client-Server Communication .........................5
5.1.3. Transport ...........................................5
5.1.4. Path Computation Requests ...........................5
5.1.5. Path Computation Responses ..........................7
5.1.6. Cancellation of Pending Requests ....................7
5.1.7. Multiple Requests and Responses .....................8
5.1.8. Reliable Message Exchange ...........................8
5.1.9. Secure Message Exchange .............................9
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5.1.10. Request Prioritization ............................10
5.1.11. Unsolicited Notifications .........................10
5.1.12. Asynchronous Communication ........................10
5.1.13. Communication Overhead Minimization ...............10
5.1.14. Extensibility .....................................11
5.1.15. Scalability .......................................11
5.1.16. Constraints .......................................12
5.1.17. Objective Functions Supported .....................13
5.2. Deployment Support Requirements ...........................13
5.2.1. Support for Different Service Provider
Environments .......................................13
5.2.2. Policy Support .....................................14
5.3. Aliveness Detection & Recovery Requirements ...............14
5.3.1. Aliveness Detection ................................14
5.3.2. Protocol Recovery ..................................14
5.3.3. LSP Rerouting & Reoptimization .....................14
6. Security Considerations ........................................15
7. Manageability Considerations ...................................16
8. Contributors ...................................................17
9. Acknowledgements ...............................................18
10. References ....................................................19
10.1. Normative References .....................................19
10.2. Informative References ...................................19
1. Introduction
A Path Computation Element (PCE) [RFC4655] supports requests for path
computation issued by a Path Computation Client (PCC), which may be
'composite' (co-located) or 'external' (remote) from a PCE. When the
PCC is external from the PCE, a request/response communication
protocol is required to carry the path computation request and return
the response. In order for the PCC and PCE to communicate, the PCC
must know the location of the PCE; PCE discovery is described in
[PCE-DISC-REQ].
The PCE operates on a network graph in order to compute paths based
on the path computation request(s) issued by the PCC(s). The path
computation request will include the source and destination of the
paths to be computed and a set of constraints to be applied during
the computation, and it may also include an objective function. The
PCE response includes the computed paths or the reason for a failed
computation.
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This document lists a set of generic requirements for the PCE
Communication Protocol (PCECP). Application-specific requirements
are beyond the scope of this document, and will be addressed in
separate documents. For example, application-specific communication
protocol requirements are given in [PCECP-INTER-AREA] and
[PCECP-INTER-LAYER] for inter-area and inter-layer PCE applications,
respectively.
2. Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", "MAY NOT", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC
2119 [RFC2119].
3. Terminology
Domain: Any collection of network elements within a common sphere of
address management or path computational responsibility. Examples of
domains include Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) areas, Autonomous
Systems (ASs), multiple ASs within a service provider network, or
multiple ASs across multiple service provider networks.
GMPLS: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
LSP: MPLS/GMPLS Label Switched Path
LSR: Label Switch Router
MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching
PCC: Path Computation Client: Any client application requesting a
path computation to be performed by the PCE.
PCE: Path Computation Element: An entity (component, application or
network node) that is capable of computing a network path or route
based on a network graph and applying computational constraints (see
further description in [RFC4655]).
TED: Traffic Engineering Database, which contains the topology and
resource information of the network or network segment used by a PCE.
TE LSP: Traffic Engineering (G)MPLS Label Switched Path.
See [RFC4655] for further definitions of terms.
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4. Overview of PCE Communication Protocol (PCECP)
In the PCE model, path computation requests are issued by a PCC to a
PCE that may be composite (co-located) or external (remote). If the
PCC and PCE are not co-located, a request/response communication
protocol is required to carry the request and return the response.
If the PCC and PCE are co-located, a communication protocol is not
required, but implementations may choose to utilize a protocol for
exchanges between the components.
In order for a PCC and PCE to communicate, the PCC must know the
location of the PCE. This can be configured or discovered. The PCE
discovery mechanism is out of scope of this document, but
requirements are documented in [PCE-DISC-REQ].
The PCE operates on a network graph built from the TED in order to
compute paths. The mechanism by which the TED is populated is out of
scope for the PCECP.
A path computation request issued by the PCC includes a specification
of the path(s) needed. The information supplied includes, at a
minimum, the source and destination for the paths, but may also
include a set of further requirements (known as constraints) as
described in Section 5.
The response from the PCE may be positive in which case it will
include the paths that have been computed. If the computation fails
or cannot be performed, a negative response is required with an
indication of the type of failure.
A request/response protocol is also required for a PCE to communicate
path computation requests to another PCE and for that PCE to return
the path computation response. As described in [RFC4655], there is
no reason to assume that two different protocols are needed, and this
document assumes that a single protocol will satisfy all requirements
for PCC-PCE and PCE-PCE communication.
[RFC4655] describes four models of PCE: composite, external, multiple
PCE path computation, and multiple PCE path computation with inter-
PCE communication. In all cases except the composite PCE model, a
PCECP is required. The requirements defined in this document are
applicable to all models described in [RFC4655].
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5. PCE Communication Protocol Generic Requirements
5.1. Basic Protocol Requirements
5.1.1. Commonality of PCC-PCE and PCE-PCE Communication
A single protocol MUST be defined for PCC-PCE and PCE-PCE
communication. A PCE requesting a path from another PCE can be
considered a PCC, and in the remainder of this document we refer to
all communications as PCC-PCE regardless of whether they are PCC-PCE
or PCE-PCE.
5.1.2. Client-Server Communication
PCC-PCE communication is by nature client-server based. The PCECP
MUST allow a PCC to send a request message to a PCE to request path
computation, and for a PCE to reply with a response message to the
requesting PCC once the path has been computed.
In addition to this request-response mode, there are cases where
there is unsolicited communication from the PCE to the PCC (see
Section 5.1.11).
5.1.3. Transport
The PCECP SHOULD utilize an existing transport protocol that supports
congestion control. This transport protocol may also be used to
satisfy some requirements in other sections of this document, such as
reliability. The PCECP SHOULD be defined for one transport protocol
only in order to ensure interoperability. The transport protocol
MUST NOT limit the size of the message used by the PCECP.
5.1.4. Path Computation Requests
The path computation request message MUST include at least the source
and destination. Note that the path computation request is for an
LSP or LSP segment, and the source and destination supplied are the
start and end of the computation being requested (i.e., of the LSP
segment).
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The path computation request message MUST support the inclusion of a
set of one or more path constraints, including but not limited to the
requested bandwidth or resources (hops, affinities, etc.) to
include/exclude. For example, a PCC may request the PCE to exclude
points of failure in the computation of a new path if an LSP setup
fails. The actual inclusion of constraints is a choice for the PCC
issuing the request. A list of core constraints that must be
supported by the PCECP is supplied in Section 5.1.16. Specification
of constraints MUST be future-proofed as described in Section 5.1.14.
The requester MUST be allowed to select from or prefer an advertised
list or minimal subset of standard objective functions and functional
options. An objective function is used by the PCE to process
constraints to a path computation request when it computes a path in
order to select the "best" candidate paths (e.g., minimum hop path),
and corresponds to the optimization criteria used for the computation
of one path, or the synchronized computation of a set of paths. In
the case of unsynchronized path computation, this can be, for
example, the path cost or the residual bandwidth on the most loaded
path link. In the case of synchronized path computation, this can
be, for example, the global bandwidth consumption or the residual
bandwidth on the most loaded network link.
A list of core objective functions that MUST be supported by the
PCECP is supplied in Section 5.1.17. Specification of objective
functions MUST be future-proofed as described in Section 5.1.14.
The requester SHOULD also be able to select a vendor-specific or
experimental objective function or functional option. Furthermore,
the requester MUST be allowed to customize the function/options in
use. That is, individual objective functions will often have
parameters to be set in the request from PCC to PCE. Support for the
specification of objective functions and objective parameters is
required in the protocol extensibility specified in Section 5.1.14.
A request message MAY include TE parameters carried by the MPLS/GMPLS
LSP setup signaling protocol. Also, it MUST be possible for the PCE
to apply additional objective functions. This might include policy-
based routing path computation for load balancing instructed by the
management plane.
Shortest path selection may rely either on the TE metric or on the
IGP metric [METRIC]. Hence the PCECP request message MUST allow the
PCC to indicate the metric type (IGP or TE) to be used for shortest
path selection. Note that other metric types may be specified in the
future.
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There may be cases where a single path cannot fit a given bandwidth
request, while a set of paths could be combined to fit the request.
Such path combination to serve a given request is called load-
balancing. The request message MUST allow the PCC to indicate if
load-balancing is allowed. It MUST also include the maximum number
of paths in a load-balancing path group, and the minimum path
bandwidth in a load-balancing path group. The request message MUST
allow specification of the degree of disjointness of the members of
the load-balancing group.
5.1.5. Path Computation Responses
The path computation response message MUST allow the PCE to return
various elements including, at least, the computed path(s).
The protocol MUST be capable of returning any explicit path that
would be acceptable for use for MPLS and GMPLS LSPs once converted to
an Explicit Route Object for use in RSVP-TE signaling. In addition,
anything that can be expressed in an Explicit Route Object MUST be
capable of being returned in the computed path. Note that the
resultant path(s) may be made up of a set of strict or loose hops, or
any combination of strict and loose hops. Moreover, a hop may have
the form of a non-simple abstract node. See [RFC3209] for the
definition of strict hop, loose hop, and abstract node.
A positive response from the PCE MUST include the paths that have
been computed. A positive PCECP computation response MUST support
the inclusion of a set of attributes of the computed path, such as
the path costs (e.g., cumulative link TE metrics and cumulative link
IGP metrics) and the computed bandwidth. The latter is useful when a
single path cannot serve the requested bandwidth and load balancing
is applied.
When a path satisfying the constraints cannot be found, or if the
computation fails or cannot be performed, a negative response MUST be
sent. This response MAY include further details of the reason(s) for
the failure and MAY include advice about which constraints might be
relaxed to be more likely to achieve a positive result.
The PCECP response message MUST support the inclusion of the set of
computed paths of a load-balancing path group, as well as their
respective bandwidths.
5.1.6. Cancellation of Pending Requests
A PCC MUST be able to cancel a pending request using an appropriate
message. A PCC that has sent a request to a PCE and no longer needs
a response, for instance, because it no longer wants to set up the
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associated service, MUST be able to notify the PCE that it can clear
the request (i.e., stop the computation if already started, and clear
the context). The PCE may also wish to cancel a pending request
because of some congested state.
5.1.7. Multiple Requests and Responses
It MUST be possible to send multiple path computation requests within
the same request message. Such requests may be correlated (e.g.,
requesting disjoint paths) or uncorrelated (requesting paths for
unrelated services). It MUST be possible to limit by configuration
of both PCCs and PCEs the number of requests that can be carried
within a single message.
Similarly, it MUST be possible to return multiple computed paths
within the same response message, corresponding either to the same
request (e.g., multiple suited paths, paths of a load-balancing path
group) or to distinct requests, correlated or not, of the same
request message or distinct request messages.
It MUST be possible to provide "continuation correlation" where all
related requests or computed paths cannot fit within one message and
are carried in a sequence of correlated messages.
The PCE MUST inform the PCC of its capabilities. Maximum acceptable
message sizes and the maximum number of requests per message
supported by a PCE MAY form part of PCE capabilities advertisement
[PCE-DISC-REQ] or MAY be exchanged through information messages from
the PCE as part of the protocol described here.
It MUST be possible for a PCC to specify, in the request message, the
maximum acceptable response message sizes and the maximum number of
computed paths per response message it can support.
It MUST be possible to limit the message size by configuration on
PCCs and PCEs.
5.1.8. Reliable Message Exchange
The PCECP MUST support reliable transmission of PCECP packets. This
may form part of the protocol itself or may be achieved by the
selection of a suitable transport protocol (see Section 5.1.3).
In particular, it MUST allow for the detection and recovery of lost
messages to occur quickly and not impede the operation of the PCECP.
In some cases (e.g., after link failure), a large number of PCCs may
simultaneously send requests to a PCE, leading to a potential
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saturation of the PCEs. The PCECP MUST support indication of
congestion state and rate limitation state. This should enable, for
example, a PCE to limit the rate of incoming request messages if the
request rate is too high.
The PCECP or its transport protocol MUST provide the following:
- Detection and report of lost or corrupted messages
- Automatic attempts to retransmit lost messages without reference to
the application
- Handling of out-of-order messages
- Handling of duplicate messages
- Flow control and back-pressure to enable throttling of requests and
responses
- Rapid PCECP communication failure detection
- Distinction between partner failure and communication channel
failure after the PCECP communication is recovered
If it is necessary to add functions to PCECP to overcome shortcomings
in the chosen transport mechanisms, these functions SHOULD be based
on and re-use where possible techniques developed in other protocols
to overcome the same shortcomings. Functionality MUST NOT be added
to the PCECP where the chosen transport protocol already provides it.
5.1.9. Secure Message Exchange
The PCC-PCE communication protocol MUST include provisions to ensure
the security of the exchanges between the entities. In particular,
it MUST support mechanisms to prevent spoofing (e.g.,
authentication), snooping (e.g., preservation of confidentiality of
information through techniques such as encryption), and Denial of
Service (DoS) attacks (e.g., packet filtering, rate limiting, no
promiscuous listening). Once a PCC is identified and authenticated,
it has the same privileges as all other PCCs.
To ensure confidentiality, the PCECP SHOULD allow local policy to be
configured on the PCE to not provide explicit path(s). If a PCC
requests an explicit path when this is not allowed, the PCE MUST
return an error message to the requesting PCC and the pending path
computation request MUST be discarded.
Authorization requirements [RFC3127] include reject capability,
reauthorization on demand, support for access rules and filters, and
unsolicited disconnect.
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IP addresses are used to identify PCCs and PCEs. Where the PCC-PCE
communication takes place entirely within one limited domain, the use
of a private address space that is not available to customer systems
MAY be used to help protect the information exchange, but other
mechanisms MUST also be available.
These functions may be provided by the transport protocol or directly
by the PCECP. See Section 6 for further discussion of security
considerations.
5.1.10. Request Prioritization
The PCECP MUST allow a PCC to specify the priority of a computation
request.
Implementation of priority-based activity within a PCE is subject to
implementation and local policy. This application processing is out
of scope of the PCECP.
5.1.11. Unsolicited Notifications
The normal operational mode is for the PCC to make path computation
requests to the PCE and for the PCE to respond.
The PCECP MUST support unsolicited notifications from PCE to PCC, or
PCC to PCE. This requirement facilitates the unsolicited
communication of information and alerts between PCCs and PCEs. As
specified in Section 5.1.8, these notification messages must be
supported by a reliable transmission protocol. The PCECP MAY also
support response messages to the unsolicited notification messages.
5.1.12. Asynchronous Communication
The PCC-PCE protocol MUST allow for asynchronous communication. A
PCC MUST NOT have to wait for a response to one request before it can
make another request.
It MUST also be possible to have the order of responses differ from
the order of the corresponding requests. This may occur, for
instance, when path request messages have different priorities (see
Requirement 5.1.10). A consequent requirement is that path
computation responses MUST include a direct correlation to the
associated request.
5.1.13. Communication Overhead Minimization
The request and response messages SHOULD be designed so that the
communication overhead is minimized. In particular, the overhead per
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message SHOULD be minimized, and the number of bytes exchanged to
arrive at a computation answer SHOULD be minimized. Other
considerations in overhead minimization include the following:
- the number of background messages used by the protocol or its
transport protocol to keep alive any session or association
between the PCE and PCC
- the processing cost at the PCE (or PCC) associated with
request/response messages (as distinct from processing the
computation requests themselves)
5.1.14. Extensibility
The PCECP MUST provide a way for the introduction of new path
computation constraints, diversity types, objective functions,
optimization methods and parameters, and so on, without requiring
major modifications in the protocol.
For example, the PCECP MUST be extensible to support various PCE-
based applications, such as the following:
- intra-area path computation
- inter-area path computation [PCECP-INTER-AREA]
- inter-AS intra provider and inter-AS inter-provider path
computation [PCECP-INTER-AS]
- inter-layer path computation [PCECP-INTER-LAYER]
The PCECP MUST support the requirements specified in the
application-specific requirements documents. The PCECP MUST also
allow extensions as more PCE applications will be introduced in the
future.
The PCECP SHOULD also be extensible to support future applications
not currently in the scope of the PCE working group, such as, for
instance, point-to-multipoint path computations, multi-hop pseudowire
path computation, etc.
Note that application specific requirements are out of the scope of
this document and will be addressed in separate requirements
documents.
5.1.15. Scalability
The PCECP MUST scale well, at least as good as linearly, with an
increase of any of the following parameters. Minimum order of
magnitude estimates of what the PCECP should support are given in
parenthesis (note: these are requirements on the PCECP, not on the
PCE):
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- number of PCCs (1000/domain)
- number of PCEs (100/domain)
- number of PCCs communicating with a single PCE (1000)
- number of PCEs communicated to by a single PCC (100)
- number of domains (20)
- number of path request messages (average of 10/second/PCE)
- handling bursts of requests (burst of 100/second/PCE within a 10-
second interval).
Note that path requests can be bundled in path request messages, for
example, 10 PCECP request messages/second may correspond to 100 path
requests/second.
Bursts of requests may arise, for example, after a network outage
when multiple recomputations are requested. The PCECP MUST handle
the congestion in a graceful way so that it does not unduly impact
the rest of the network, and so that it does not gate the ability of
the PCE to perform computation.
5.1.16. Constraints
This section provides a list of generic constraints that MUST be
supported by the PCECP. Other constraints may be added to service
specific applications as identified by separate application-specific
requirements documents. Note that the provisions of Section 5.1.14
mean that new constraints can be added to this list without impacting
the protocol to a level that requires major protocol changes.
The set of supported generic constraints MUST include at least the
following:
o MPLS-TE and GMPLS generic constraints:
- Bandwidth
- Affinities inclusion/exclusion
- Link, Node, Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) inclusion/exclusion
- Maximum end-to-end IGP metric
- Maximum hop count
- Maximum end-to-end TE metric
- Degree of paths disjointness (Link, Node, SRLG)
o MPLS-TE specific constraints
- Class-type
- Local protection
- Node protection
- Bandwidth protection
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o GMPLS specific constraints
- Switching type, encoding type
- Link protection type
5.1.17. Objective Functions Supported
This section provides a list of generic objective functions that MUST
be supported by the PCECP. Other objective functions MAY be added to
service specific applications as identified by separate application-
specific requirements documents. Note that the provisions of Section
5.1.14 mean that new objective functions MAY be added to this list
without impacting the protocol.
The PCECP MUST support at least the following "unsynchronized"
functions:
- Minimum cost path with respect to a specified metric
(shortest path)
- Least loaded path
- Maximum available bandwidth path
Also, the PCECP MUST support at least the following "synchronized"
objective functions:
- Minimize aggregate bandwidth consumption on all links
- Maximize the residual bandwidth on the most loaded link
- Minimize the cumulative cost of a set of diverse paths
5.2. Deployment Support Requirements
5.2.1. Support for Different Service Provider Environments
The PCECP must at least support the following environments:
- MPLS-TE and GMPLS networks
- Packet and non-packet networks
- Centralized and distributed PCE path computation
- Single and multiple PCE path computation
For example, PCECP is possibly applicable to packet networks (e.g.,
IP networks), non-packet networks (e.g., time-division multiplexed
(TDM) transport), and perhaps to multi-layer GMPLS control plane
environments. Definitions of centralized, distributed, single, and
multiple PCE path computation can be found in [RFC4655].
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5.2.2. Policy Support
The PCECP MUST allow for the use of policies to accept/reject
requests. It MUST include the ability for a PCE to supply sufficient
detail when it rejects a request for policy reasons to allow the PCC
to determine the reason for rejection or failure. For example,
filtering could be required for a PCE that serves one domain (perhaps
an AS) such that all requests that come from another domain (AS) are
rejected. However, specific policy details are left to application-
specific PCECP requirements. Actual policies, configuration of
policies, and applicability of policies are out of scope.
Note that work on supported policy models and the corresponding
requirements/implications is being undertaken as a separate work item
in the PCE working group.
PCECP messages MUST be able to carry transparent policy information.
5.3. Aliveness Detection & Recovery Requirements
5.3.1. Aliveness Detection
The PCECP MUST allow a PCC/PCE to
- check the liveliness of the PCC-PCE communication,
- rapidly detect PCC-PCE communication failure (indifferently to
partner failure or connectivity failure), and
- distinguish PCC/PCE node failures from PCC-PCE connectivity
failures, after the PCC-PCE communication is recovered.
The aliveness detection mechanism MUST ensure reciprocal knowledge of
PCE and PCC liveness.
5.3.2. Protocol Recovery
In the event of the failure of a sender or of the communication
channel, the PCECP, upon recovery, MUST support resynchronization of
information (e.g., PCE congestion status) and requests between the
sender and the receiver; this SHOULD be arranged so as to minimize
repeat data transfer.
5.3.3. LSP Rerouting & Reoptimization
If an LSP fails owing to the failure of a link or node that it
traverses, a new computation request may be made to a PCE in order to
repair the LSP. Since the PCC cannot know that the PCE's TED has
been updated to reflect the failure network information, it is useful
to include this information in the new path computation request.
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Also, in order to re-use the resources used by the old LSP, it may be
advantageous to indicate the route of the old LSP as part of the new
path computation request.
Hence the path computation request message MUST allow an indication
of whether the computation is for LSP restoration, and it MUST
support the inclusion of the previously computed path as well as the
identity of the failed element. Note that the old path might only be
useful if the old LSP has not yet been torn down. The PCE MAY choose
to take failure indication information carried in a given request
into account when handling subsequent requests. This should be
driven by local policy decision.
Note that a network failure may impact a large number of LSPs. In
this case, a potentially large number of PCCs will simultaneously
send requests to the PCE. The PCECP MUST properly handle such
overload situations, such as, for instance, through throttling of
requests as set forth in Section 5.1.8.
The path computation request message MUST support TE LSP path
reoptimization and the inclusion of a previously computed path. This
will help ensure optimal routing of a reoptimized path, since it will
allow the PCE to avoid double bandwidth accounting and help reduce
blocking issues.
6. Security Considerations
Key management MUST be provided by the PCECP to provide for the
authenticity and integrity of PCECP messages. This will allow
protecting against PCE or PCC impersonation and also against message
content falsification.
The impact of the use of a PCECP MUST be considered in light of the
impact that it has on the security of the existing routing and
signaling protocols and techniques in use within the network.
Intra-domain security is impacted since there is a new interface,
protocol, and element in the network. Any host in the network could
impersonate a PCC and receive detailed information on network paths.
Any host could also impersonate a PCE, both gathering information
about the network before passing the request on to a real PCE and
spoofing responses. Some protection here depends on the security of
the PCE discovery process (see [PCE-DISC-REQ]). An increase in
inter-domain information flows may increase the vulnerability to
security attacks, and the facilitation of inter-domain paths may
increase the impact of these security attacks.
Of particular relevance are the implications for confidentiality
inherent in a PCECP for multi-domain networks. It is not necessarily
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the case that a multi-domain PCE solution will compromise security,
but solutions MUST examine their impacts in this area.
Applicability statements for particular combinations of signaling,
routing, and path computation techniques are expected to contain
detailed security sections.
It should be observed that the use of an external PCE introduces
additional security issues. Most notable among these are the
following:
- Interception of PCE requests or responses
- Impersonation of PCE or PCC
- DoS attacks on PCEs or PCCs
The PCECP MUST address these issues in detail using authentication,
encryption, and DoS protection techniques. See also Section 5.1.9.
There are security implications of allowing arbitrary objective
functions, as discussed in Section 5.1.17, and the PCECP MUST allow
mitigating the risk of, for example, a PCC using complex objectives
to intentionally drive a PCE into resource exhaustion.
7. Manageability Considerations
Manageability of the PCECP MUST address the following considerations:
- The need for a MIB module for control and monitoring of PCECP
- The need for built-in diagnostic tools to test the operation of the
protocol (e.g., partner failure detection, Operations
Administration and Maintenance (OAM), etc.)
- Configuration implications for the protocol
PCECP operations MUST be modeled and controlled through appropriate
MIB modules. There are enough specific differences between PCCs and
PCEs to lead to the need of defining separate MIB modules.
Statistics gathering will form an important part of the operation of
the PCECP. The MIB modules MUST provide information that will allow
an operator to determine PCECP historical interactions and the
success rate of requests. Similarly, it is important for an operator
to be able to determine PCECP and PCE load and whether an individual
PCC is responsible for a disproportionate amount of the load. It
MUST be possible, through use of MIB modules, to record and inspect
statistics about the PCECP communications, including issues such as
malformed messages, unauthorized messages, and messages discarded
owing to congestion.
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The new MIB modules should also be used to provide notifications
(traps) when thresholds are crossed or when important events occur.
For example, the MIB module may support indication of exceeding the
congestion state threshold or rate limitation state.
PCECP techniques must enable a PCC to determine the liveness of a PCE
both before it sends a request and in the period between sending a
request and receiving a response.
It is also important for a PCE to know about the liveness of PCCs to
gain a predictive view of the likely loading of a PCE in the future
and to allow a PCE to abandon processing of a received request.
The PCECP MUST support indication of congestion state and rate
limitation state, and MAY allow the operator to control such a
function.
8. Contributors
This document is the result of the PCE Working Group PCECP
requirements design team joint effort. In addition to the
authors/editors listed in the "Authors' Addresses" section, the
following are the design team members who contributed to the
document:
Alia K. Atlas
Google Inc.
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
EMail: akatlas@alum.mit.edu
Arthi Ayyangar
Nuova Systems,
2600 San Tomas Expressway
Santa Clara, CA 95051
EMail: arthi@nuovasystems.com
Nabil Bitar
Verizon
40 Sylvan Road
Waltham, MA 02145 USA
EMail: nabil.bitar@verizon.com
Igor Bryskin
Independent Consultant
EMail: i_bryskin@yahoo.com
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Dean Cheng
Cisco Systems, Inc.
3700 Cisco Way
San Jose CA 95134 USA
Phone: 408 527 0677
EMail: dcheng@cisco.com
Durga Gangisetti
MCI
EMail: durga.gangisetti@mci.com
Kenji Kumaki
KDDI Corporation
Garden Air Tower
Iidabashi, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-8460, JAPAN
Phone: 3-6678-3103
EMail: ke-kumaki@kddi.com
Eiji Oki
NTT
Midori-cho 3-9-11
Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8585, JAPAN
EMail: oki.eiji@lab.ntt.co.jp
Raymond Zhang
BT INFONET Services Corporation
2160 E. Grand Ave.
El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
EMail: Raymond_zhang@bt.infonet.com
9. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to extend their warmest thanks to (in
alphabetical order) Lou Berger, Ross Callon, Adrian Farrel, Thomas
Morin, Dimitri Papadimitriou, Robert Sparks, and J.P. Vasseur for
their review and suggestions.
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10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to
Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
March 1997.
[RFC4655] Farrel, A., Vasseur, J.-P., and J. Ash, "A Path
Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture",
RFC 4655, August 2006.
10.2. Informative References
[METRIC] Le Faucheur, F., Uppili, R., Vedrenne, A.,
Merckx, P., and T. Telkamp, "Use of Interior
Gateway Protocol (IGP) Metric as a second MPLS
Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric", BCP 87, RFC
3785, May 2004.
[PCE-DISC-REQ] Le Roux, J.L., et al., "Requirements for Path
Computation Element (PCE) Discovery", Work in
Progress.
[PCECP-INTER-AREA] Le Roux, J.L., et al., "PCE Communication
Protocol (PCECP) specific requirements for
Inter-Area (G)MPLS Traffic Engineering", Work in
Progress.
[PCECP-INTER-LAYER] Oki, E., et al., "PCC-PCE Communication
Requirements for Inter-Layer Traffic
Engineering", Work in Progress.
[PCECP-INTER-AS] Bitar, N., Zhang, R., Kumaki, K., "Inter-AS
Requirements for the Path Computation Element
Communication Protocol (PCECP)", Work in
Progress.
[RFC3209] Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T.,
Srinivasan, V., and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE:
Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels", RFC 3209,
December 2001.
[RFC3127] Mitton, D., St.Johns, M., Barkley, S., Nelson,
D., Patil, B., Stevens, M., and B. Wolff,
"Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting:
Protocol Evaluation", RFC 3127, June 2001.
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Authors' Addresses
Jerry Ash (Editor)
AT&T
Room MT D5-2A01
200 Laurel Avenue
Middletown, NJ 07748, USA
Phone: (732)-420-4578
EMail: gash@att.com
Jean-Louis Le Roux (Editor)
France Telecom
2, avenue Pierre-Marzin
22307 Lannion Cedex, FRANCE
EMail: jeanlouis.leroux@orange-ft.com
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