DNS Resolver Information
draft-ietf-add-resolver-info-00

ADD WG                                                          T. Reddy
Internet-Draft                                                     Nokia
Intended status: Standards Track                            M. Boucadair
Expires: 19 August 2023                                           Orange
                                                        15 February 2023

                        DNS Resolver Information
                    draft-ietf-add-resolver-info-00

Abstract

   This document specifies a method for DNS resolvers to publish
   information about themselves.  DNS clients can use the resolver
   information to identify the capabilities of DNS resolvers.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on 19 August 2023.

Copyright Notice

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   3.  Retrieving Resolver Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Format of the Resolver Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   5.  Resolver Information Keys/Values  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     7.1.  RESINFO RR Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     7.2.  DNS Resolver Information Key Registration . . . . . . . .   5
   8.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8

1.  Introduction

   Historically, DNS stub resolvers communicated with recursive
   resolvers without needing to know anything about the features
   supported by these recursive resolvers.  As more and more recursive
   resolvers expose different features that may impact the delivered DNS
   service, means to help stub resolvers to identify the capabilities of
   the resolver are valuable.  Typically, stub resolvers can discover
   and authenticate encrypted DNS servers provided by a local network,
   for example, using the techniques specified in [I-D.ietf-add-dnr] and
   [I-D.ietf-add-ddr].  However, these stub resolvers need a means to
   retrieve information from the discovered recursive resolvers about
   their capabilities.

   This document fills that void by specifying a method for stub
   resolvers to retrieve such information.  To that aim, a new RR type
   is defined for stub resolvers to query the recursive resolvers.  The
   information that a resolver might want to give is defined in
   Section 5.

   Retrieved information can be used to feed the server selection
   procedure.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

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   This document makes use of the terms defined in [RFC8499].

   'Encrypted DNS' refers to a DNS protocol that provides an encrypted
   channel between a DNS client and server (e.g., DoT, DoH, or DoQ).

3.  Retrieving Resolver Information

   A stub resolver that wants to retrieve the resolver information may
   use the RR type "RESINFO" defined in this document (see Section 7.1).

   The content of the RDATA in a response to RR type query is defined in
   Section 5.  If the resolver understands the RESINFO RR type, the
   RRSet in the Answer section MUST have exactly one record.

   A DNS client can retrieve the resolver information using the RESINFO
   RR type and QNAME of the domain name that is used to authenticate the
   DNS server (referred to as ADN in [I-D.ietf-add-dnr]).

   If the special use domain name "resolver.arpa" defined in
   [I-D.ietf-add-ddr] is used to discover the Encrypted DNS server, the
   client can retrieve the resolver information using the RESINFO RR
   type and QNAME of the designated resolver.

4.  Format of the Resolver Information

   The resolver information uses the same format as DNS TXT records.
   The intention of using the same format as TXT records is to convey a
   small amount of useful information about a DNS resolver.  As a
   reminder, the format rules for TXT records are defined in
   Section 3.3.14 of the DNS specification [RFC1035] and further
   elaborated in Section 6.1 of the DNS-based Service Discovery (DNS-SD)
   [RFC6763].  The recommendations to limit the TXT record size are
   discussed in Section 6.2 of [RFC6763].

   Similar to DNS-SD, the RESINFO RR type uses "key/value" pairs to
   convey the resolver information.  Each "key/value" pair is encoded
   using the format rules defined in Section 6.3 of [RFC6763].  Using
   standardized "key/value" syntax within the RESINFO RR type makes it
   easier for future keys to be defined.  If a DNS client sees unknown
   keys in a RESINFO RR type, it MUST silently ignore them.  The same
   rules for the keys as those defined in Section 6.4 of [RFC6763] MUST
   be followed for RESINFO.

   Keys MUST either be defined in the IANA registry Section 7.2 or begin
   with the substring "temp-" for names defined for local use only.

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5.  Resolver Information Keys/Values

   The following resolver information keys are defined:

   qnamemin:  If the DNS resolver supports QNAME minimisation [RFC9156]
      to improve DNS privacy, the key is present.  Note that, as per the
      rules for the keys defined in Section 6.4 of [RFC6763], if there
      is no '=' in a key, then it is a boolean attribute, simply
      identified as being present, with no value.

      This is an optional attribute.

   exterr:  If the DNS resolver supports extended DNS errors (EDE)
      [RFC8914] to return additional information about the cause of DNS
      errors, the value of this key lists the possible extended DNS
      error codes that can be returned by this DNS resolver.  When
      multiple values are present, these values MUST be comma-separated.

      This is an optional attribute.

   infourl:  An URL that points to the generic unstructured resolver
      information (e.g., DoH APIs supported, possible HTTP status codes
      returned by the DoH server, how to report a problem) for
      troubleshooting purpose.

      The server MUST support the content-type 'text/html'.  The DNS
      client MUST reject the URL if the scheme is not "https".  The
      client MUST validate that both the encrypted DNS server and the
      resolver information server are owned and managed by the same
      entity by establishing a TLS connection to the domain name in the
      URL and checking if the subjectAltName entry in the server
      certificate includes the name of the encrypted DNS server.  If
      this match fails, the client MUST ignore the resolver information.
      The URL should be treated only as diagnostic information for IT
      staff.

      This is a an optional attribute.  For example, a DoT server may
      not want to host an HTTPS server.

   New keys can be defined as per the procedure defined in Section 7.2.

   Figure 1 shows an example of a published resolver information record:

     resolver.example.net. 7200 IN RESINFO qnamemin exterr=15,16,17
                        resinfourl=https://resolver.example.com/guide

            Figure 1: An Example of Resolver Information Record

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6.  Security Considerations

   Unless a DNS request to retrieve the resolver information is
   encrypted (e.g., sent over DNS-over-TLS (DoT) [RFC7858] or DNS-over-
   HTTPS (DoH)) [RFC8484]), the response is susceptible to forgery.  The
   DNS resolver information can be retrieved after the encrypted
   connection is established to the DNS server or retrieved before the
   encrypted connection is established to the DNS server by using local
   DNSSEC validation.

7.  IANA Considerations

      Note to the RFC Editor: Please update [RFCXXXX] with the RFC
      number to be assigned to this document.

7.1.  RESINFO RR Type

   This document requests IANA to register a new value from the
   "Resource Record (RR) TYPEs" subregistry of the "Domain Name System
   (DNS) Parameters" registry available at [RRTYPE]:

   Type: RESINFO
   Value: TBD
   Meaning: Resolver Information as Key/Value Pairs
   Reference: [RFCXXXX]

7.2.  DNS Resolver Information Key Registration

   This document requests IANA to create a new registry entitled "DNS
   Resolver Information Keys".  This registry contains definitions of
   the keys that can be used to provide the resolver information.

   The registration procedure is Specification Required (Section 4.6 of
   [RFC8126]).

   The structure of the registry is as follows:

   Name:  The key name.  The name MUST conform to the definition in
      Section 4.  The IANA registry MUST NOT register names that begin
      with "temp-", so these names can be used freely by any
      implementer.

   Value Type:  The type of the value to be used in the key.

   Description:  A description of the registered key.

   Specification:  The reference specification for the registered
      element.

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   The initial content of this registry is provided in Table 1.

   +==========+=========+=============================+===============+
   | Name     | Value   | Specification               | Specification |
   |          | Type    |                             |               |
   +==========+=========+=============================+===============+
   | qnamemin | boolean | Indicates whether           | [RFCXXXX]     |
   |          |         | 'qnameminimization' is      |               |
   |          |         | enabled or not              |               |
   +----------+---------+-----------------------------+---------------+
   | exterr   | number  | Lists the set of extended   | [RFCXXXX]     |
   |          |         | DNS errors                  |               |
   +----------+---------+-----------------------------+---------------+
   | infourl  | string  | Provides an unstructured    | [RFCXXXX]     |
   |          |         | resolver information that   |               |
   |          |         | is used for troubleshooting |               |
   +----------+---------+-----------------------------+---------------+

                    Table 1: Initial RESINFO Registry

8.  Acknowledgments

   This specification leverages the work that has been documented in
   [I-D.pp-add-resinfo].

   Thanks to Tommy Jensen, Vittorio Bertola, Vinny Parla, Chris Box, Ben
   Schwartz, Tony Finch, Daniel Kahn Gillmor, Eric Rescorla, Shashank
   Jain, and Richard Baldry for the discussion and comments.  Thanks to
   Mark Andrews, Joe Abley, Paul Wouters, Tim Wicinski, and Steffen
   Nurpmeso for the discussion on the RR formatting rules.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1035]  Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
              specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, DOI 10.17487/RFC1035,
              November 1987, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1035>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC6763]  Cheshire, S. and M. Krochmal, "DNS-Based Service
              Discovery", RFC 6763, DOI 10.17487/RFC6763, February 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6763>.

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   [RFC8126]  Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
              Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
              RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8914]  Kumari, W., Hunt, E., Arends, R., Hardaker, W., and D.
              Lawrence, "Extended DNS Errors", RFC 8914,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8914, October 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8914>.

   [RFC9156]  Bortzmeyer, S., Dolmans, R., and P. Hoffman, "DNS Query
              Name Minimisation to Improve Privacy", RFC 9156,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9156, November 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9156>.

9.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-add-ddr]
              Pauly, T., Kinnear, E., Wood, C. A., McManus, P., and T.
              Jensen, "Discovery of Designated Resolvers", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-add-ddr-10, 5 August
              2022, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-add-ddr-
              10.txt>.

   [I-D.ietf-add-dnr]
              Boucadair, M., Reddy.K, T., Wing, D., Cook, N., and T.
              Jensen, "DHCP and Router Advertisement Options for the
              Discovery of Network-designated Resolvers (DNR)", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-add-dnr-13, 13 August
              2022, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-add-dnr-
              13.txt>.

   [I-D.pp-add-resinfo]
              Sood, P. and P. E. Hoffman, "DNS Resolver Information
              Self-publication", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-pp-add-resinfo-02, 30 June 2020,
              <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-pp-add-resinfo-
              02.txt>.

   [RFC7858]  Hu, Z., Zhu, L., Heidemann, J., Mankin, A., Wessels, D.,
              and P. Hoffman, "Specification for DNS over Transport
              Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 7858, DOI 10.17487/RFC7858, May
              2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7858>.

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   [RFC8484]  Hoffman, P. and P. McManus, "DNS Queries over HTTPS
              (DoH)", RFC 8484, DOI 10.17487/RFC8484, October 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8484>.

   [RFC8499]  Hoffman, P., Sullivan, A., and K. Fujiwara, "DNS
              Terminology", BCP 219, RFC 8499, DOI 10.17487/RFC8499,
              January 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8499>.

   [RRTYPE]   IANA, "Resource Record (RR) TYPEs",
              <http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters/dns-
              parameters.xhtml#dns-parameters-4>.

Authors' Addresses

   Tirumaleswar Reddy
   Nokia
   India
   Email: kondtir@gmail.com

   Mohamed Boucadair
   Orange
   35000 Rennes
   France
   Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com

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