JWS signed Voucher Artifacts for Bootstrapping Protocols
draft-ietf-anima-jws-voucher-07

anima Working Group                                            T. Werner
Internet-Draft                                                Siemens AG
Updates: RFC8366 (if approved)                             M. Richardson
Intended status: Standards Track                Sandelman Software Works
Expires: 19 February 2024                                 18 August 2023

        JWS signed Voucher Artifacts for Bootstrapping Protocols
                    draft-ietf-anima-jws-voucher-07

Abstract

   RFC8366 defines a digital artifact called voucher as a YANG-defined
   JSON document that is signed using a Cryptographic Message Syntax
   (CMS) structure.  This document introduces a variant of the voucher
   artifact in which CMS is replaced by the JSON Object Signing and
   Encryption (JOSE) mechanism described in RFC7515 to support
   deployments in which JOSE is preferred over CMS.

   In addition to explaining how the format is created, the
   "application/voucher-jws+json" media type is registered and examples
   are provided.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on 19 February 2024.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.

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   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Voucher Artifact with JSON Web Signature  . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Voucher Representation in General JWS JSON Serialization
           Syntax  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  JSON Voucher Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.3.  JWS Protected Header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.4.  JWS Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  Privacy Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     6.1.  Media-Type Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       6.1.1.  application/voucher-jws+json  . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   7.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   8.  Changelog [RFC Editor: please delete] . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   9.  Examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     9.1.  Example Pledge Voucher Request - PVR (from Pledge to
           Registrar)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     9.2.  Example Parboiled Registrar Voucher Request - RVR (from
           Registrar to MASA)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     9.3.  Example Voucher Response (from MASA to Pledge, via
           Registrar)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

1.  Introduction

   "A Voucher Artifact for Bootstrapping Protocols"
   [I-D.draft-ietf-anima-rfc8366bis] defines a YANG-based data structure
   used in "Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key Infrastructure" [BRSKI] and
   "Secure Zero Touch Provisioning" [SZTP] to transfer ownership of a
   device from a manufacturer to a new owner (site domain).  That
   document provides a serialization of the voucher data to JSON
   [RFC8259] with a signature according to the Cryptographic Message
   Syntax (CMS) [RFC5652].  The resulting voucher artifact has the media
   type "application/voucher-cms+json".

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   [I-D.ietf-anima-constrained-voucher] provides a serialization of the
   voucher to CBOR [RFC8949] with the signature format of COSE [RFC8812]
   and the media type "application/voucher-cose+cbor".

   This document provides a serialization of the voucher data to JSON
   [RFC8259] with the signature in form of JSON Web Signature (JWS)
   [RFC7515] and the media type "application/voucher-jws+json".  The
   encoding specified in this document is used by
   [I-D.ietf-anima-brski-prm] and may be more handy for use cases
   requiring signed JSON objects.

   This document does not extend the YANG definition of
   [I-D.draft-ietf-anima-rfc8366bis].

   With the availability of different encoded vouchers, it is up to an
   industry specific application statement to indicate/decide which
   voucher signature format is to be used.  There is no provision across
   the different voucher signature formats that a receiver could safely
   recognize which format it uses unless additional context is provided.
   For example, [BRSKI] provides this context via the media type for the
   voucher artifact.  This document utilizes the optional "typ" (Type)
   Header Parameter of JWS [RFC7515] to provide information about the
   signed object.

   This document should be considered an update to
   [I-D.draft-ietf-anima-rfc8366bis] in the category of "See Also" as
   per [I-D.kuehlewind-update-tag].  TODO: double check with RFC8366bis

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   Voucher:  A signed statement from the MASA service
      [I-D.draft-ietf-anima-rfc8366bis].

   JWS Voucher:  A JWS structure signing the JSON Voucher Data.

   JSON Voucher Data:  An unsigned JSON document that conforms with the
      data model described by the ietf-voucher YANG module.

   BASE64URL(OCTETS):  Denotes the base64url encoding of OCTETS, per
      Section 2 of [RFC7515].

   UTF8(STRING):  Denotes the octets of the UTF-8 [RFC3629]

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      representation of STRING, per Section 1 of [RFC7515].

3.  Voucher Artifact with JSON Web Signature

   [RFC7515] defines the following serializations for JWS:

   1.  "JWS Compact Serialization" in Section 7.1 of [RFC7515]

   2.  "JWS JSON Serialization" in Section 7.2 of [RFC7515] - "General
       JWS JSON Serialization Syntax" in Section 7.2.1 of [RFC7515] -
       "Flattened JWS JSON Serialization Syntax" in Section 7.2.2 of
       [RFC7515]

   This document makes use of the "General JWS JSON Serialization
   Syntax" of [RFC7515] to support multiple signatures, as already
   supported by [RFC8366] for CMS-signed vouchers.

3.1.  Voucher Representation in General JWS JSON Serialization Syntax

   JWS Voucher artifacts MUST use the "General JWS JSON Serialization
   Syntax" defined in Section 7.2.1 of [RFC7515].  A "JWS JSON
   Serialization Overview" is given in Section 3.2 of [RFC7515] and more
   details on the JWS serializations in Section 7 of [RFC7515].  The
   following figure summarizes the serialization of JWS Voucher
   artifacts:

       {
         "payload": BASE64URL(UTF8(JSON Voucher Data)),
         "signatures": [
           {
             "protected": BASE64URL(UTF8(JWS Protected Header)),
             "signature": BASE64URL(JWS Signature)
           }
         ]
       }

            Figure 1: Voucher Representation in General JWS JSON
                            Serialization Syntax

3.2.  JSON Voucher Data

   The JSON Voucher Data is an unsigned JSON document [RFC8259] that
   conforms with the data model described by the ietf-voucher YANG
   module [RFC7950] defined in Section 5.3 of
   [I-D.draft-ietf-anima-rfc8366bis] and is encoded using the rules
   defined in [RFC7951].  The following figure provides an example of
   JSON Voucher Data:

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       {
         "ietf-voucher:voucher": {
           "assertion": "logged",
           "serial-number": "0123456789",
           "nonce": "5742698422680472",
           "created-on": "2022-07-08T03:01:24.618Z",
           "pinned-domain-cert": "base64encodedvalue=="
         }
       }

               Figure 2: Unsigned voucher data in JSON syntax

   The JSON Voucher Data MUST be UTF-8 encoded to become the octet-based
   JWS Payload defined in [RFC7515].  The JWS Payload is further
   base64url-encoded to become the string value of the "payload" member
   as described in Section 3.2 of [RFC7515].

3.3.  JWS Protected Header

   The JWS Protected Header defined in [RFC7515] uses the standard
   header parameters "alg", "typ", and "x5c".  The octets of the UTF-8
   representation of the JWS Protected Header are base64url-encoded to
   become the string value of the "protected" member as described in
   Section 3.2 of [RFC7515].

   The "alg" parameter MUST contain the algorithm type used to create
   the signature, e.g., "ES256" as defined in Section 4.1.1 of
   [RFC7515].  If present, the "typ" parameter SHOULD contain the value
   "TODO: voucher-jws+json" as defined in Section 4.1.9 of [RFC7515].

   If X.509 (PKIX) certificates [RFC5280] are used, the "x5c" parameter
   SHOULD contain the base64-encoded (not base64url-encoded) DER
   certificate and chain as defined in Section 4.1.6 of [RFC7515].
   Vouchers will often need all certificates in the chain, including
   what would be considered the trust anchor certificate, because
   intermediate devices (such as the Registrar) may need to audit the
   artifact, or end systems may need to pin a trust anchor for future
   operations.  Note, a trust anchor SHOULD be provided differently to
   be trusted.  This is consistent with Section 5.5.2 of [BRSKI].

   The following figure gives an example of a JWS Protected Header in
   JSON syntax:

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       {
         "alg": "ES256",
         "typ": "voucher-jws+json",
         "x5c": [
           "base64encodedvalue1==",
           "base64encodedvalue2=="
         ]
       }

               Figure 3: Decoded JWS Protected Header Example

3.4.  JWS Signature

   The JWS Signature is generated over the JWS Protected Header and the
   JWS Payload (= UTF-8 encoded JSON Voucher Data) as described in
   Section 5.1 of [RFC7515].  The generated JWS Signature is base64url-
   encoded to become the string value of the "signature" member.

4.  Privacy Considerations

   The Voucher Request reveals the IDevID of the component (Pledge) that
   is in the process of bootstrapping.

   This request occurs via HTTP-over-TLS, however, for the Pledge-to-
   Registrar TLS connection, the Pledge is provisionally accepting the
   Registrar server certificate.  Hence it is subject to disclosure by a
   Dolev-Yao attacker (a "malicious messenger") [ON-PATH], as explained
   in Section 10.2 of [BRSKI].

   The use of a JWS header brings no new privacy considerations.

5.  Security Considerations

   The issues of how [I-D.draft-ietf-anima-rfc8366bis] vouchers are used
   in a [BRSKI] system is addressed in Section 11 of [BRSKI].  This
   document does not change any of those issues, it just changes the
   signature technology used for voucher request and response artifacts.

   Section 9 of [SZTP] deals with voucher use in Secure Zero Touch
   Provisioning, for which this document also makes no changes to
   security.

6.  IANA Considerations

6.1.  Media-Type Registry

   This section registers the "application/voucher-jws+json" in the
   "Media Types" registry.

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6.1.1.  application/voucher-jws+json

   Type name:  application
   Subtype name:  voucher-jws+json
   Required parameters:  none
   Optional parameters:  none
   Encoding considerations:  JWS+JSON vouchers are JOSE objects
                             signed with one or multiple signers.
   Security considerations:  See section [Security Considerations]
   Interoperability considerations:  The format is designed to be
     broadly interoperable.
   Published specification:  [THIS RFC].
   Applications that use this media type:  ANIMA, 6tisch, and other
     zero-touch bootstrapping/provisioning solutions
   Additional information:
     Magic number(s):  None
     File extension(s):  .vjj
     Macintosh file type code(s):  none
   Person & email address to contact for further information:  IETF
     ANIMA WG
   Intended usage:  LIMITED
   Restrictions on usage:  NONE
   Author:  ANIMA WG
   Change controller:  IETF
   Provisional registration? (standards tree only):  NO

7.  Acknowledgments

   We would like to thank the various reviewers for their input, in
   particular Steffen Fries, Ingo Wenda, ...TODO Support in PoC
   implementations Hong Rui Li and He Peng Jia, ...TODO

   [RFC Editor: please delete] TODO: ...

8.  Changelog [RFC Editor: please delete]

   *  Added adoption call comments from Toerless.  Changed from
      [RFCxxxx] to [THING] style for some key references.

   *  Updated references "I-D.ietf-anima-brski-async-enroll" switched to
      "I-D.ietf-anima-brski-prm"

   *  Switch from "JWS Compact Serialization" to "General JWS JSON
      Serialization", as focus is now on "General JWS JSON
      Serialization"

   *  Include Voucher representation in "General JWS JSON Serialization"
      syntax

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   *  Include examples A1, A2, A3 using "General JWS JSON Serialization"

   *  Added optional "typ": "voucher-jws+json" header parameter to JWS
      objects

   *  Examples folded according to RFC8792, Single Backslash rule

   *  Restructuring and clean-up, preparation for WGLC

   *  Included feedback from shepherd review

   -- back

9.  Examples

   These examples are folded according to [RFC8792] Single Backslash
   rule.

9.1.  Example Pledge Voucher Request - PVR (from Pledge to Registrar)

   The following is an example request sent from a Pledge to the
   Registrar, in "General JWS JSON Serialization".

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   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   {
     "payload": "eyJpZXRmLXZvdWNoZXItcmVxdWVzdDp2b3VjaGVyIjp7InNlcmlhbC\
   1udW1iZXIiOiIwMTIzNDU2Nzg5Iiwibm9uY2UiOiI2R3RuK1pRS04ySHFERlZrQkV4Wk\
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   JoNHhJWGsxIn19",
     "signatures": [{
       "protected": "eyJ4NWMiOlsiTUlJQitUQ0NBYUNnQXdJQkFnSUdBWG5WanNVNU\
   1Bb0dDQ3FHU000OUJBTUNNRDB4Q3pBSkJnTlZCQVlUQWtGUk1SVXdFd1lEVlFRS0RBeE\
   thVzVuU21sdVowTnZjbkF4RnpBVkJnTlZCQU1NRGtwcGJtZEthVzVuVkdWemRFTkJNQ0\
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   I6InZvdWNoZXItandzK2pzb24iLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9",
       "signature": "abVg4TDGzSTjVHkQlNeIW3ABu5ZXdMl1cEqwcIAlHFW4BrlGbO\
   -DRTKfyCOGxSW49-ktJcrVlYgKqC4xmZoy0Q"
     }]
   }

               Figure 4: Example Pledge Voucher Request - PVR

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9.2.  Example Parboiled Registrar Voucher Request - RVR (from Registrar
      to MASA)

   The term parboiled refers to food which is partially cooked.  In
   [BRSKI], the term refers to a Pledge voucher-request (PVR) which has
   been received by the Registrar, and then has been processed by the
   Registrar ("cooked"), and is now being forwarded to the MASA.

   The following is an example Registrar voucher-request (RVR) sent from
   the Registrar to the MASA, in "General JWS JSON Serialization".  Note
   that the previous PVR can be seen in the payload as "prior-signed-
   voucher-request".

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   {
     "payload": "eyJpZXRmLXZvdWNoZXItcmVxdWVzdDp2b3VjaGVyIjp7InNlcmlhbC\
   1udW1iZXIiOiIwMTIzNDU2Nzg5IiwiaWRldmlkLWlzc3VlciI6IkJCZ3dGb0FVVkF1TT\
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   9uIjoiMjAyMi0wNy0wOFQwODo0MDo0Mi44NDhaIn19",
     "signatures": [{
       "protected": "eyJ4NWMiOlsiTUlJQm96Q0NBVXFnQXdJQkFnSUdBVzBlTHVJRk\
   1Bb0dDQ3FHU000OUJBTUNNRFV4RXpBUkJnTlZCQW9NQ2sxNVFuVnphVzVsYzNNeERUQU\
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   xSbGMzUkRRVEJaTUJNR0J5cUdTTTQ5QWdFR0NDcUdTTTQ5QXdFSEEwSUFCT2t2a1RIdT\
   hRbFQzRkhKMVVhSTcrV3NIT2IwVVMzU0FMdEc1d3VLUURqaWV4MDZcL1NjWTVQSmlidm\
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       "signature": "0fzuqVdyhemWsu_HQeF-CmQwJeLp9IStNf-bWZwz6SojrEOR4a\
   Dq6VStyG8eWXjGHNZiRyyLJo7RP1rKatuS2w"
     }]
   }

        Figure 5: Example Parboiled Registrar Voucher Request - RVR

9.3.  Example Voucher Response (from MASA to Pledge, via Registrar)

   The following is an example voucher response from MASA to Pledge via
   Registrar, in "General JWS JSON Serialization".

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   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   {
     "payload": "eyJpZXRmLXZvdWNoZXI6dm91Y2hlciI6eyJhc3NlcnRpb24iOiJsb2\
   dnZWQiLCJzZXJpYWwtbnVtYmVyIjoiMDEyMzQ1Njc4OSIsIm5vbmNlIjoiZGRoSGQ4Ml\
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   EzeWhCNThUWE1VYnpIOCtPbGhXVXZPbFJEM1ZFcURkY1F3PT0ifX0",
     "signatures": [{
       "protected": "eyJ4NWMiOlsiTUlJQmt6Q0NBVGlnQXdJQkFnSUdBV0ZCakNrWU\
   1Bb0dDQ3FHU000OUJBTUNNRDB4Q3pBSkJnTlZCQVlUQWtGUk1SVXdFd1lEVlFRS0RBeE\
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   pqMEVBd0lEU1FBd1JnSWhBSTRQWWJ4dHNzSFAyVkh4XC90elVvUVwvU3N5ZEwzMERRSU\
   5FdGNOOW1DVFhQQWlFQXZJYjNvK0ZPM0JUbmNMRnNhSlpSQWtkN3pPdXNuXC9cL1pLT2\
   FFS2JzVkRpVT0iXSwidHlwIjoidm91Y2hlci1qd3MranNvbiIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In\
   0",
       "signature": "y1HLYBFlwouf42XWSKUWjeYQHnG2Q6A4bjA7hvTkB3z1dPwTUl\
   jPHtuN2Qex6gDxTfaSiKeoXGsOD4JWOgQJPg"
     }]
   }

                     Figure 6: Example Voucher Response

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [BRSKI]    Pritikin, M., Richardson, M., Eckert, T., Behringer, M.,
              and K. Watsen, "Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key
              Infrastructure (BRSKI)", RFC 8995, DOI 10.17487/RFC8995,
              May 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8995>.

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   [I-D.draft-ietf-anima-rfc8366bis]
              Watsen, K., Richardson, M., Pritikin, M., Eckert, T. T.,
              and Q. Ma, "A Voucher Artifact for Bootstrapping
              Protocols", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              anima-rfc8366bis-09, 17 August 2023,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-anima-
              rfc8366bis-09>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.

   [RFC7515]  Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web
              Signature (JWS)", RFC 7515, DOI 10.17487/RFC7515, May
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7515>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8259]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8259>.

   [RFC8366]  Watsen, K., Richardson, M., Pritikin, M., and T. Eckert,
              "A Voucher Artifact for Bootstrapping Protocols",
              RFC 8366, DOI 10.17487/RFC8366, May 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8366>.

   [SZTP]     Watsen, K., Farrer, I., and M. Abrahamsson, "Secure Zero
              Touch Provisioning (SZTP)", RFC 8572,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8572, April 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8572>.

10.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-anima-brski-prm]
              Fries, S., Werner, T., Lear, E., and M. Richardson, "BRSKI
              with Pledge in Responder Mode (BRSKI-PRM)", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-anima-brski-prm-09,
              10 July 2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
              draft-ietf-anima-brski-prm-09>.

   [I-D.ietf-anima-constrained-voucher]
              Richardson, M., Van der Stok, P., Kampanakis, P., and E.
              Dijk, "Constrained Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key

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              Infrastructure (BRSKI)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-ietf-anima-constrained-voucher-21, 7 July 2023,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-anima-
              constrained-voucher-21>.

   [I-D.kuehlewind-update-tag]
              Kühlewind, M. and S. Krishnan, "Definition of new tags for
              relations between RFCs", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-kuehlewind-update-tag-04, 12 July 2021,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-kuehlewind-
              update-tag-04>.

   [ON-PATH]  "can an on-path attacker drop traffic?", n.d.,
              <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/saag/
              m1r9uo4xYznOcf85Eyk0Rhut598/>.

   [RFC3629]  Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
              10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, DOI 10.17487/RFC3629, November
              2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3629>.

   [RFC5280]  Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
              Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
              Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
              (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5280>.

   [RFC5652]  Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", STD 70,
              RFC 5652, DOI 10.17487/RFC5652, September 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5652>.

   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
              RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7950>.

   [RFC7951]  Lhotka, L., "JSON Encoding of Data Modeled with YANG",
              RFC 7951, DOI 10.17487/RFC7951, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7951>.

   [RFC8792]  Watsen, K., Auerswald, E., Farrel, A., and Q. Wu,
              "Handling Long Lines in Content of Internet-Drafts and
              RFCs", RFC 8792, DOI 10.17487/RFC8792, June 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8792>.

   [RFC8812]  Jones, M., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) and
              JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) Registrations
              for Web Authentication (WebAuthn) Algorithms", RFC 8812,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8812, August 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8812>.

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   [RFC8949]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", STD 94, RFC 8949,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8949, December 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949>.

Contributors

   Toerless Eckert
   Futurewei Technologies Inc.
   Email: tte+ietf@cs.fau.de

   Esko Dijk
   Email: esko.dijk@iotconsultancy.nl

   Steffen Fries
   Siemens AG
   Email: steffen.fries@siemens.com

Authors' Addresses

   Thomas Werner
   Siemens AG
   Email: thomas-werner@siemens.com

   Michael Richardson
   Sandelman Software Works
   Email: mcr+ietf@sandelman.ca

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