RTP over QUIC
draft-ietf-avtcore-rtp-over-quic-03
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Active".
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Joerg Ott , Mathis Engelbart | ||
| Last updated | 2023-07-10 (Latest revision 2023-02-20) | ||
| Replaces | draft-engelbart-rtp-over-quic | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Formats | |||
| Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
| Stream | WG state | WG Document | |
| Document shepherd | Dr. Bernard D. Aboba | ||
| IESG | IESG state | I-D Exists | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Unknown | ||
| Telechat date | (None) | ||
| Responsible AD | (None) | ||
| Send notices to | bernarda@microsoft.com |
draft-ietf-avtcore-rtp-over-quic-03
Audio/Video Transport Core Maintenance J. Ott
Internet-Draft M. Engelbart
Intended status: Standards Track Technical University Munich
Expires: 11 January 2024 10 July 2023
RTP over QUIC
draft-ietf-avtcore-rtp-over-quic-03
Abstract
This document specifies a minimal mapping for encapsulating Real-time
Transport Protocol (RTP) and RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) packets
within the QUIC protocol. It also discusses how to leverage state
from the QUIC implementation in the endpoints, in order to reduce the
need to exchange RTCP packets and how to implement congestion control
and rate adaptation without relying on RTCP feedback.
Discussion Venues
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this document takes place on the Audio/Video Transport
Core Maintenance Working Group mailing list (avt@ietf.org), which is
archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/avt/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/mengelbart/rtp-over-quic-draft.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 11 January 2024.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. What's in Scope for this Specification . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3. What's Out of Scope for this Specification . . . . . . . 5
2. Terminology and Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1. Supported RTP Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. Connection Establishment and ALPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1. Draft version identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.1. Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2. QUIC Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.2.1. Stream Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.2.2. RESET_STREAM and STOP_SENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2.3. Flow control and MAX_STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3. QUIC Datagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6. Congestion Control and Rate Adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.1. Congestion Control at the Transport Layer . . . . . . . . 18
6.2. Congestion Control at the RTP Application Layer . . . . . 19
6.3. Resolving Interactions Between QUIC and Application-layer
Congestion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.4. Sharing QUIC connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7. Replacing RTCP and RTP Header Extensions with QUIC
Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.1. RoQ Datagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.2. RoQ Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.3. Transport Layer Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.3.1. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP Receiver Reports
("RR") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.3.2. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP Negative Acknowledgments*
("NACK") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.3.3. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP ECN Feedback ("ECN") . 24
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7.3.4. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP Congestion Control
Feedback ("CCFB") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.3.5. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP Extended Report
("XR") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.4. Application Layer Repair and other Control Messages . . . 25
7.5. RTCP Control Packet Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.5.1. Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.6. Generic RTP Feedback (RTPFB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.7. Payload-specific RTP Feedback (PSFB) . . . . . . . . . . 30
7.8. Extended Reports (XR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.9. RTP Header extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8. API Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8.1. Information to be exported from QUIC . . . . . . . . . . 35
8.2. Functions to be exposed by QUIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.1. Impact of Connection Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.2. 0-RTT considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11.1. Registration of a RoQ Identification String . . . . . . 37
12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Appendix A. Experimental Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
1. Introduction
This document specifies a minimal mapping for encapsulating Real-time
Transport Protocol (RTP) [RFC3550] and RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)
[RFC3550] packets within the QUIC protocol ([RFC9000]). It also
discusses how to leverage state from the QUIC implementation in the
endpoints, in order to reduce the need to exchange RTCP packets, and
how to implement congestion control and rate adaptation without
relying on RTCP feedback. The mapping described in this document is
called RTP over QUIC (RoQ).
1.1. Background
The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) [RFC3550] is generally used to
carry real-time media for conversational media sessions, such as
video conferences, across the Internet. Since RTP requires real-time
delivery and is tolerant to packet losses, the default underlying
transport protocol has been UDP, recently with DTLS on top to secure
the media exchange and occasionally TCP (and possibly TLS) as a
fallback.
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This specification describes an application usage of QUIC
([RFC9308]). As a baseline, the specification does not expect more
than a standard QUIC implementation as defined in [RFC8999],
[RFC9000], [RFC9001], and [RFC9002], providing a secure end-to-end
transport that is also expected to work well through NATs and
firewalls. Beyond this baseline, real-time applications can benefit
from QUIC extensions such as unreliable QUIC datagrams [RFC9221],
which provides additional desirable properties for real-time traffic
(e.g., no unnecessary retransmissions, avoiding head-of-line
blocking).
Moreover, with QUIC's multiplexing capabilities, reliable and
unreliable transport connections as, e.g., needed for WebRTC, can be
established with only a single port used at either end of the
connection.
1.2. What's in Scope for this Specification
This document defines a mapping for RTP and RTCP over QUIC (this
mapping is hereafter referred to as "RTP-over-QUIC"), and describes
ways to reduce the amount of RTCP traffic by leveraging state
information readily available within a QUIC endpoint. This document
also describes different options for implementing congestion control
and rate adaptation for RoQ.
This specification focuses on providing a secure encapsulation of RTP
packets for transmission over QUIC. The expected usage is wherever
RTP is used to carry media packets, allowing QUIC in place of other
transport protocols such as TCP, UDP, SCTP, DTLS, etc. That is, we
expect RTP-over-QUIC to be used in contexts in which a signaling
protocol is used to announce or negotiate a media encapsulation and
the associated transport parameters (such as IP address, port
number). RTP-over-QUIC is not intended as a stand-alone media
transport, although QUIC transport parameters could be statically
configured.
The above implies that RTP-over-QUIC is targeted at peer-to-peer
operation; but it may also be used in client-server-style settings,
e.g., when talking to a conference server as described in RFC 7667
([RFC7667]), or, if RTP-over-QUIC is used to replace RTSP
([RFC7826]), to a media server.
Moreover, this document describes how a QUIC implementation and its
API can be extended to improve efficiency of the RTP-over-QUIC
protocol operation.
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RTP-over-QUIC does not impact the usage of RTP Audio Video Profiles
(AVP) ([RFC3551]), or any RTP-based mechanisms, even though it may
render some of them unnecessary, e.g., Secure Real-Time Transport
Prococol (SRTP) ([RFC3711]) might not be needed, because end-to-end
security is already provided by QUIC, and double encryption by QUIC
and by SRTP might have more costs than benefits. Nor does RTP-over-
QUIC limit the use of RTCP-based mechanisms, even though some
information or functions obtained by using RTCP mechanisms may also
be available from the underlying QUIC implementation by other means.
Between two (or more) endpoints, RTP-over-QUIC supports multiplexing
multiple RTP-based media streams within a single QUIC connection and
thus using a single (destination IP address, destination port number,
source IP address, source port number, protocol) 5-tuple.. We note
that multiple independent QUIC connections may be established in
parallel using the same destination IP address, destination port
number, source IP address, source port number, protocol) 5-tuple.,
e.g. to carry different media channels. These connections would be
logically independent of one another.
1.3. What's Out of Scope for this Specification
This document does not attempt to enhance QUIC for real-time media or
define a replacement for, or evolution of, RTP. Work to map other
media transport protocols to QUIC is under way elsewhere in the IETF.
RTP-over-QUIC is designed for use with point-to-point connections,
because QUIC itself is not defined for multicast operation. The
scope of this document is limited to unicast RTP/RTCP, even though
nothing would or should prevent its use in multicast setups once QUIC
supports multicast.
RTP-over-QUIC does not define congestion control and rate adaptation
algorithms for use with media. However, Section 6 discusses options
for how congestion control and rate adaptation could be performed at
the QUIC and/or at the RTP layer, and how information available at
the QUIC layer could be exposed via an API for the benefit of RTP
layer implementation.
*Editor's note:* Need to check whether Section 6 will also
describe the QUIC interface that's being exposed, or if that ends
up somewhere else in the document.
RTP-over-QUIC does not define prioritization mechanisms when handling
different media as those would be dependent on the media themselves
and their relationships. Prioritization is left to the application
using RTP-over-QUIC.
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This document does not cover signaling for session setup. SDP for
RTP-over-QUIC is defined in separate documents such as
[I-D.draft-dawkins-avtcore-sdp-rtp-quic], and can be carried in any
signaling protocol that can carry SDP, including the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) ([RFC3261]), Real-Time Protocols for
Browser-Based Applications (RTCWeb) ([RFC8825]), or WebRTC-HTTP
Ingestion Protocol (WHIP) ([I-D.draft-ietf-wish-whip]).
2. Terminology and Notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
*Editor's note:* the list of terms below will almost certainly
grow in size as the specification matures.
The following terms are used:
Congestion Control: A mechanism to limit the aggregate amount of
data that has been sent over a path to a receiver, but has not
been acknowledged by the receiver. This prevents a sender from
overwhelming the capacity of a path between a sender and a
receiver, causing some outstanding data to be discarded before the
receiver can receive the data and acknowledge it to the sender.
Datagram: Datagrams exist in UDP as well as in QUIC's unreliable
datagram extension. If not explicitly noted differently, the term
datagram in this document refers to a QUIC Datagram as defined in
[RFC9221].
Delay-based or Low-latency congestion control algorithm: A
congestion control algorithm that aims at keeping queues, and thus
the latency, at intermediary network elements as short as
possible. Delay-based congestion control algorithms use, for
example, an increasing one-way delay as a signal of congestion.
Endpoint: A QUIC server or client that participates in an RoQ
session.
Frame: A QUIC frame as defined in [RFC9000].
Loss-based congestion control algorithm: A congestion control
algorithm that uses packet loss, or an Explicit Congestion
Notification (ECN) that is interpreted as loss (as in [RFC3168]),
as a signal for congestion. Loss-based congestion control
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algorithms allow senders to send data on a path until packets are
dropped by intermediary network elements, which the algorithm
treats as a signal of congestion.
Media Encoder: An entity that is used by an application to produce a
stream of encoded media, which can be packetized in RTP packets to
be transmitted over QUIC.
QUIC congestion controller: A software component of an application's
QUIC implementation that implements a congestion control
algorithm.
Rate Adaptation: A congestion control mechanism that helps a sender
determine and adjust its sending rate, in order to maximize the
amount of information that is sent to a receiver, without causing
queues to build beyond a reasonable amount, causing "buffer bloat"
and "jitter". Rate adapation is one way to accomplish congestion
control for real-time media, especially when a sender has multiple
media streams to the receiver, because the sum of all sending
rates for media streams must not be high enough to cause
congestion on the path these media streams share between sender
and receiver.
Receiver: An endpoint that receives media in RTP packets and may
send or receive RTCP packets.
RTP congestion controller: A software component of an application's
RTP implementation that implements a congestion control algorithm.
Sender: An endpoint that sends media in RTP packets and may send or
receive RTCP packets.
Packet diagrams in this document use the format defined in
Section 1.3 of [RFC9000] to illustrate the order and size of fields.
3. Protocol Overview
This document introduces a mapping of the Real-time Transport
Protocol (RTP) to the QUIC transport protocol. RoQ allows the use of
QUIC streams and QUIC datagrams to transport real-time data, and
thus, the QUIC implementation MUST support QUIC's datagram extension,
if RTP packets should be sent over QUIC datagrams. Since datagram
frames cannot be fragmented, the QUIC implementation MUST also
provide a way to query the maximum datagram size so that an
application can create RTP packets that always fit into a QUIC
datagram frame.
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[RFC3550] specifies that RTP sessions need to be transmitted on
different transport addresses to allow multiplexing between them.
RoQ uses a different approach to leverage the advantages of QUIC
connections without managing a separate QUIC connection per RTP
session. QUIC does not provide demultiplexing between different
flows on datagrams but suggests that an application implement a
demultiplexing mechanism if required. An example of such a mechanism
are flow identifiers prepended to each datagram frame as described in
Section 2.1 of [I-D.draft-ietf-masque-h3-datagram]. RoQ uses a flow
identifier to replace the network address and port number to
multiplex many RTP sessions over the same QUIC connection.
A rate adaptation algorithm can be plugged in to adapt the media
bitrate to the available bandwidth. This document does not mandate
any specific rate adaptation algorithm, because the desired response
to congestion can be application and codec-specific. For example,
adjusting quantization in response to congestion may work well in
many cases, but if what's being shared is video that includes text,
maintaining readability is important.
As of this writing, the IETF has produced two Experimental-track rate
adaptation specifications, Network-Assisted Dynamic Adaptation (NADA)
[RFC8698] and Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation for Multimedia (SCReAM)
[RFC8298]. These rate adaptation algorithms require some feedback
about the network's performance to calculate target bitrates.
Traditionally this feedback is generated at the receiver and sent
back to the sender via RTCP.
Since QUIC also collects some metrics about the network's
performance, these metrics can be used to generate the required
feedback at the sender-side and provide it to the rate adaptation
algorithm to avoid the additional overhead of the RTCP stream. This
is discussed in more detail in Section 7.
3.1. Supported RTP Topologies
RoQ only supports some of the RTP topologies described in [RFC7667].
Most notably, due to QUIC [RFC9000] being a purely IP unicast
protocol at the time of writing, RoQ cannot be used as a transport
protocol for any of the paths that rely on IP multicast in several
multicast topologies (e.g., _Topo-ASM_, _Topo-SSM_, _Topo-SSM-RAMS_).
Some "multicast topologies" can include IP unicast paths (e.g.,
_Topo-SSM_, _Topo-SSM-RAMS_). In these cases, the unicast paths can
use RoQ.
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RTP supports different types of translators and mixers. Whenever a
middlebox such as a translator or a mixer needs to access the content
of RTP/RTCP-packets, the QUIC connection has to be terminated at that
middlebox.
RoQ streams (see Section 5.2) can support much larger RTP packet
sizes than other transport protocols such as UDP can, which can lead
to problems with transport translators which translate from RoQ to
RTP over a different transport protocol. A similar problem can occur
if a translator needs to translate from RTP over UDP to RoQ
datagrams, where the MTU of a QUIC datagram may be smaller than the
MTU of a UDP datagram. In both cases, the translator may need to
rewrite the RTP packets to fit into the smaller MTU of the other
protocol. Such a translator may need codec-specific knowledge to
packetize the payload of the incoming RTP packets in smaller RTP
packets.
Additional details are provided in the following table.
+=======================================+============+========+==========+
|RFC 7667 Section |Shortcut |RTP over|Comments |
| |Name |QUIC? | |
+=======================================+============+========+==========+
|3.1 |Topo-Point- |yes | |
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|to-Point | | |
|rfc7667#section-3.1) | | | |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.2.1.1 |Topo-PtP- |yes |Note-NAT |
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|Relay | | |
|rfc7667#section-3.2.1.1) | | | |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.2.1.2 |Topo-Trn- |yes |Note-MTU |
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|Translator | |Note-SEC |
|rfc7667#section-3.2.1.2) | | | |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.2.1.3 |Topo-Media- |yes |Note-MTU |
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|Translator | | |
|rfc7667#section-3.2.1.3) | | | |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.2.2 |Topo-Back- |yes |Note-SEC |
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|To-Back | |Note-MTU |
|rfc7667#section-3.2.2) | | |Note-MCast|
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.3.1 |Topo-ASM |no |Note-MCast|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/| | | |
|rfc7667#section-3.3.1) | | | |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.3.2 |Topo-SSM |partly |Note-MCast|
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|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/| | |Note- |
|rfc7667#section-3.3.2) | | |UCast- |
| | | |MCast |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.3.3 |Topo-SSM- |partly |Note-MCast|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|RAMS | |Note- |
|rfc7667#section-3.3.3) | | |MCast- |
| | | |UCast |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.4 |Topo-Mesh |yes |Note-MCast|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/| | | |
|rfc7667#section-3.4) | | | |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.5.1 |Topo-PtM- |possibly|Note-MCast|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|Trn- | |Note-MTU |
|rfc7667#section-3.5.1) |Translator | |Note-Topo-|
| | | |PtM-Trn- |
| | | |Translator|
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.6 |Topo-Mixer |possibly|Note-MCast|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/| | |Note-Topo-|
|rfc7667#section-3.6) | | |Mixer |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.6.1 |Media- |partly |Note-Topo-|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|Mixing-Mixer| |Mixer |
|rfc7667#section-3.6.1) | | | |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.6.2 |Media- |partly |Note-Topo-|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|Switching- | |Mixer |
|rfc7667#section-3.6.2) |Mixer | | |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.7 |Selective |yes |Note-MCast|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|Forwarding | |Note-Topo-|
|rfc7667#section-3.7) |Middlebox | |Mixer |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.8 |Topo-Video- |yes |Note-MTU |
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|switch-MCU | |Note-MCast|
|rfc7667#section-3.8) | | |Note-Topo-|
| | | |Mixer |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.9 |Topo-RTCP- |yes |Note-MTU |
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|terminating-| |Note-MCast|
|rfc7667#section-3.9) |MCU | |Note-Topo-|
| | | |Mixer |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.10 |Topo-Split- |yes |Note-MCast|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|Terminal | | |
|rfc7667#section-3.10) | | | |
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+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
|3.11 |Topo- |Possibly|Note-Warn,|
|(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/|Asymmetric | |Note- |
|rfc7667#section-3.11) | | |MCast, |
| | | |Note-MTU |
+---------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
Table 1
Note-NAT: QUIC [RFC9000] doesn't support NAT traversal.
Note-MTU: Supported, but may require MTU adaptation.
Note-Sec: Note that RTP-over-QUIC provides mandatory security, and
other RTP transports do not. Section 10 describes strategies to
prevent the inadvertent disclosure of RTP sessions to unintended
third parties.
Note-MCast: QUIC [RFC9000] cannot be used for multicast paths.
Note-UCast-MCast: The topology refers to a _Distribution Source_,
which receives and relays RTP from a number of different media
senders via unicast before relaying it to the receivers via
multicast. QUIC can be used between the senders and the
_Distribution Source_.
Note-MCast-UCast: The topology refers to a _Burst Source_ or
_Retransmission Source_, which retransmits RTP to receivers via
unicast. QUIC can be used between the _Retransmission Source_ and
the receivers.
Note-Topo-PtM-Trn-Translator: Supports unicast paths between RTP
sources and translators.
Note-Topo-Mixer: Supports unicast paths between RTP senders and
mixers.
Note-Warn: Quote from [RFC7667]: _This topology is so problematic
and it is so easy to get the RTCP processing wrong, that it is NOT
RECOMMENDED to implement this topology._
4. Connection Establishment and ALPN
QUIC requires the use of ALPN [RFC7301] tokens during connection
setup. RoQ uses "rtp-mux-quic" as ALPN token in the TLS handshake
(see also Section 11.
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Note that the use of a given RTP profile is not reflected in the ALPN
token even though it could be considered part of the application
usage. This is simply because different RTP sessions, which may use
different RTP profiles, may be carried within the same QUIC
connection.
*Editor's note:* "rtp-mux-quic" indicates that RTP and other
protocols may be multiplexed on the same QUIC connection using a
flow identifier as described in Section 5. Applications are
responsible for negotiation of protocols in use by appropriate use
of a signaling protocol such as SDP.
*Editor's note:* This implies that applications cannot use RoQ as
specified in this document over WebTransport.
4.1. Draft version identification
*RFC Editor's note:* Please remove this section prior to
publication of a final version of this document.
RoQ uses the token "rtp-mux-quic" to identify itself in ALPN.
Only implementations of the final, published RFC can identify
themselves as "rtp-mux-quic". Until such an RFC exists,
implementations MUST NOT identify themselves using this string.
Implementations of draft versions of the protocol MUST add the string
"-" and the corresponding draft number to the identifier. For
example, draft-ietf-avtcore-rtp-over-quic-04 is identified using the
string "rtp-mux-quic-04".
Non-compatible experiments that are based on these draft versions
MUST append the string "-" and an experiment name to the identifier.
5. Encapsulation
This section describes the encapsulation of RTP/RTCP packets in QUIC.
QUIC supports two transport methods: streams [RFC9000] and datagrams
[RFC9221]. This document specifies mappings of RTP to both of the
transport modes. Senders MAY combine both modes by sending some RTP/
RTCP packets over the same or different QUIC streams and others in
QUIC datagrams.
Section 5.1 introduces a multiplexing mechanism that supports
multiplexing RTP, RTCP, and, with some constraints, other non-RTP
protocols. Section 5.2 and Section 5.3 explain the specifics of
mapping RTP to QUIC streams and QUIC datagrams, respectively.
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5.1. Multiplexing
RoQ uses flow identifiers to multiplex different RTP, RTCP, and non-
RTP data streams on a single QUIC connection. A flow identifier is a
QUIC variable-length integer as described in Section 16 of [RFC9000].
Each flow identifier is associated with a stream of RTP packets, RTCP
packets, or a data stream of a non-RTP protocol.
In a QUIC connection using the ALPN token defined in Section 4, every
QUIC datagram and every QUIC stream MUST start with a flow
identifier. A peer MUST NOT send any data in a datagram or stream
that is not associated with the flow identifier which started the
datagram or stream.
RTP and RTCP packets of different RTP sessions MUST use distinct flow
identifiers. If peers wish to send multiple types of media in a
single RTP session, they MAY do so by following [RFC8860].
A single RTP session MAY be associated with one or two flow
identifiers. Thus, it is possible to send RTP and RTCP packets
belonging to the same session using different flow identifiers. RTP
and RTCP packets of a single RTP session MAY use the same flow
identifier (following the procedures defined in [RFC5761], or they
MAY use different flow identifiers.
The association between flow identifiers and data streams MUST be
negotiated using appropriate signaling. Applications MAY send data
using flow identifiers not associated with any RTP or RTCP stream.
If a receiver cannot associate a flow identifier with any RTP/RTCP or
non-RTP stream, it MAY drop the data stream.
There are different use cases for sharing the same QUIC connection
between RTP and non-RTP data streams. Peers might use the same
connection to exchange signaling messages or exchange data while
sending and receiving media streams. The semantics of non-RTP
datagrams or streams are not in the scope of this document. Peers
MAY use any protocol on top of the encapsulation described in this
document.
Flow identifiers introduce some overhead in addition to the header
overhead of RTP/RTCP and QUIC. QUIC variable-length integers require
between one and eight bytes depending on the number expressed. Thus,
it is advisable to use low numbers first and only use higher ones if
necessary due to an increased number of flows.
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5.2. QUIC Streams
To send RTP/RTCP packets over QUIC streams, a sender MUST open a new
unidirectional QUIC stream. Streams are unidirectional because there
is no synchronous relationship between sent and received RTP/RTCP
packets. A RoQ sender MAY open new QUIC streams for different
packets using the same flow identifier, for example, to avoid head-
of-line blocking.
A receiver MUST be prepared to receive RTP packets on any number of
QUIC streams (subject to its limit on parallel open streams) and
SHOULD not make assumptions which RTP sequence numbers are carried in
which streams.
Note: A sender may or may not decide to discontinue using a lower
stream number after starting packet transmission on a higher stream
number.
5.2.1. Stream Encapsulation
Figure 1 shows the encapsulation format for RoQ Streams.
Payload {
Flow Identifier (i),
RTP/RTCP Payload(..) ...,
}
Figure 1: RoQ Streams Payload Format
Flow Identifier: Flow identifier to demultiplex different data flows
on the same QUIC connection.
RTP/RTCP Payload: Contains the RTP/RTCP payload; see Figure 2
The payload in a QUIC stream starts with the flow identifier followed
by one or more RTP/RTCP payloads. All RTP/RTCP payloads sent on a
stream MUST belong to the RTP session with the same flow identifier.
Each payload begins with a length field indicating the length of the
RTP/RTCP packet, followed by the packet itself, see Figure 2.
RTP/RTCP Payload {
Length(i),
RTP/RTCP Packet(..),
}
Figure 2: RTP/RTCP payload for QUIC streams
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Length: A QUIC variable length integer (see Section 16 of [RFC9000])
describing the length of the following RTP/RTCP packets in bytes.
RTP/RTCP Packet: The RTP/RTCP packet to transmit.
5.2.2. RESET_STREAM and STOP_SENDING
QUIC uses RESET_STREAM and STOP_SENDING frames to terminate the
sending part of a stream and to request termination of an incoming
stream by the sending peer respectively.
A RoQ sender MAY use RESET_STREAM if it knows that a packet, which
was not yet successfully and completely transmitted, is no longer
needed.
A RoQ receiver that is no longer interested in reading a certain
partition of the media stream MAY signal this to the sending peer
using a STOP_SENDING frame.
When a RoQ sender receives a STOP_SENDING frame, the RoQ sender MUST
open one or more new QUIC streams to send new media frames. Any
media frame that has already been sent on the QUIC stream that
received the STOP_SENDING frame, MUST NOT be sent again on the new
QUIC stream(s).
Note that an RTP receiver cannot request a reset of only a particular
media frame because the sending QUIC implementation might already
have sent data for the following frame on the same stream. In that
case, STOP_SENDING and the following RESET_STREAM would also drop the
following media frame and thus lead to unintentionally skipping one
or more frames.
*Editor's note:* A receiver cannot cancel a certain frame but
still receive retransmissions for a frame the was following on the
same stream using STOP_SENDING, because STOP_SENDING does not
include an offset which would allow signaling where
retransmissions should continue. If this is a required feature
for RoQ, it could be implemented using an extended STOP_SENDING
frame as, for example, proposed in
[I-D.draft-thomson-quic-enough-00].
A translator that translates between two endpoints, both connected
via QUIC, MUST forward RESET_STREAM frames received from one end to
the other unless it forwards the RTP packets on QUIC datagrams.
Large RTP packets sent on a stream will be fragmented into smaller
QUIC frames. The QUIC frames are transmitted reliably and in order
such that a receiving application can read a complete RTP packet from
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the stream as long as the stream is not closed with a RESET_STREAM
frame. No retransmission has to be implemented by the application
since QUIC frames lost in transit are retransmitted by QUIC.
5.2.3. Flow control and MAX_STREAMS
Opening new streams for new packets MAY implicitly limit the number
of packets concurrently in transit because the QUIC receiver provides
an upper bound of parallel streams, which it can update using QUIC
MAX_STREAMS frames. The number of packets that have to be
transmitted concurrently depends on several factors, such as the
number of RTP streams within a QUIC connection, the bitrate of the
media streams, and the maximum acceptable transmission delay of a
given packet. Receivers are responsible for providing senders enough
credit to open new streams for new packets anytime. As an example,
consider a conference scenario with 20 participants. Each
participant receives audio and video streams of every other
participant from a central server. If the sender opens a new QUIC
stream for every frame at 30 frames per second video and 50 frames
per second audio, it will open 1520 new QUIC streams per second. A
receiver must provide at least that many credits for opening new
unidirectional streams to the server every second. In addition, the
receiver should also consider the requirements of protocols into
account that are multiplexed with RTP, including RTCP and data
streams. These considerations may also be relevant when implementing
signaling since it may be necessary to inform the receiver about how
fast and how much stream credits it will have to provide to the
media-sending peer.
5.3. QUIC Datagrams
Senders can also transmit RTP packets in QUIC datagrams. QUIC
datagrams are an extension to QUIC described in [RFC9221]. QUIC
datagrams preserve frame boundaries. Thus, a single RTP packet can
be mapped to a single QUIC datagram without additional framing.
Senders SHOULD consider the header overhead associated with QUIC
datagrams and ensure that the RTP/RTCP packets, including their
payloads, flow identifier, QUIC, and IP headers, will fit into path
MTU.
Figure 3 shows the encapsulation format for RoQ Datagrams.
Payload {
Flow Identifier (i),
RTP/RTCP Packet (..),
}
Figure 3: RoQ Datagram Payload Format
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Flow Identifier: Flow identifier to demultiplex different data flows
on the same QUIC connection.
RTP/RTCP Packet: The RTP/RTCP packet to transmit.
RoQ senders need to be aware that QUIC uses the concept of QUIC
frames. Different kinds of QUIC frames are used for different
application and control data types. A single QUIC packet can contain
more than one QUIC frame, including, for example, QUIC stream or
datagram frames carrying application data and acknowledgement frames
carrying QUIC acknowledgements, as long as the overall size fits into
the MTU. One implication is that the number of packets a QUIC stack
transmits depends on whether it can fit acknowledgement and datagram
frames in the same QUIC packet. Suppose the application creates many
datagram frames that fill up the QUIC packet. In that case, the QUIC
stack might have to create additional packets for acknowledgement-
(and possibly other control-) frames. The additional overhead could,
in some cases, be reduced if the application creates smaller RTP
packets, such that the resulting datagram frame can fit into a QUIC
packet that can also carry acknowledgement frames.
Since QUIC datagrams are not retransmitted on loss (see also
Section 7.3 for loss signaling), if an application wishes to
retransmit lost RTP packets, the retransmission has to be implemented
by the application. RTP retransmissions can be done in the same RTP
session or a separate RTP session [RFC4588] and the flow identifier
MUST be set to the flow identifier of the RTP session in which the
retransmission happens.
6. Congestion Control and Rate Adaptation
Like any other application on the internet, RoQ applications need a
mechanism to perform congestion control to avoid overloading the
network. While any generic congestion controller can protect the
network, this document takes advantage of the opportunity to use rate
adaptation mechanisms that are designed to provide superior user
experiences for real-time media applications.
A wide variety of rate adaptation algorithms for real-time media have
been developed (for example, "Google Congestion Controller"
[I-D.draft-ietf-rmcat-gcc]). The IETF has defined two algorithms in
two Experimental RFCs (e.g. SCReAM [RFC8298] and NADA [RFC8698]).
These rate adaptation algorithms for RTP are specifically tailored
for real-time transmissions at low latencies, but this section would
apply to any rate adaptation algorithm that meets the requirements
described in "Congestion Control Requirements for Interactive Real-
Time Media" [RFC8836].
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This document defines two architectures for congestion control and
bandwidth estimation for RoQ, depending on whether most rate
adaptation is performed within a QUIC implementation at the transport
layer, as described in Section 6.1, or within an RTP application
layer, as described in Section 6.2, but this document does not
mandate any specific congestion control or rate adaptation algorithm
for either QUIC or RTP.
This document also gives guidance about avoiding problems with
"nested" congestion controllers, in Section 6.3.
This document also discusses congestion control implications of using
shared or multiple separate QUIC connections to send and receive
multiple independent data streams, in Section 6.4.
It is assumed that the congestion controller in use provides a pacing
mechanism to determine when a packet can be sent to avoid bursts.
The currently proposed congestion control algorithms for real-time
communications (e.g. SCReAM and NADA) provide such pacing
mechanisms. The use of congestion controllers which don't provide a
pacing mechanism is out of scope of this document.
6.1. Congestion Control at the Transport Layer
QUIC is a congestion controlled transport protocol. Senders are
required to employ some form of congestion control. The default
congestion control specified for QUIC in [RFC9002] is similar to TCP
NewReno [RFC6582], but senders are free to choose any congestion
control algorithm as long as they follow the guidelines specified in
Section 3 of [RFC8085], and QUIC implementors make use of this
freedom.
If a QUIC implementation is to perform rate adaptation in a way that
accommodates real-time media, one way for the implementation to
recognize that it is carrying real-time media is to be explicitly
told that this is the case. This document defines a new "TLS
Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) Protocol ID", as
described in Section 4, that a QUIC implementation can use as a
signal to choose a real-time media-centric rate controller, but this
is not required for ROQ deployments.
If congestion control is to be applied at the transport layer, it is
RECOMMENDED that the QUIC Implementation uses a congestion controller
that keeps queueing delays short to keep the transmission latency for
RTP and RTCP packets as low as possible, such as the IETF-defined
SCReAM [RFC8298] and NADA [RFC8698] algorithms.
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Many low latency congestion control algorithms depend on detailed
arrival time feedback to estimate the current one-way delay between
sender and receiver. QUIC does not provide arrival timestamps in its
acknowledgments. The QUIC implementations of the sender and receiver
can use an extension to add this information to QUICs acknowledgment
frames, e.g. [I-D.draft-smith-quic-receive-ts] or
[I-D.draft-huitema-quic-ts].
If congestion control is done by the QUIC implementation, the
application needs a mechanism to query the currently available
bandwidth to adapt media codec configurations. The employed
congestion controller of the QUIC connection SHOULD expose such an
API to the application. If a current bandwidth estimate is not
available from the QUIC congestion controller, the sender can either
implement an alternative bandwidth estimation at the application
layer as described in Section 6.2 or a receiver can feedback the
observed bandwidth through RTCP, e.g., using
[I-D.draft-alvestrand-rmcat-remb].
6.2. Congestion Control at the RTP Application Layer
RTP itself does not specify a congestion control algorithm, but
[RFC8888] defines an RTCP feedback message intended to enable rate
adaptation for interactive real-time traffic using RTP, and
successful rate adaptation will accomplish congestion control as
well.
The rate adaptation algorithms for RTP are specifically tailored for
real-time transmissions at low latencies, as described in Section 6.
The available rate adaptation algorithms expose a target_bitrate that
can be used to dynamically reconfigure media codecs to produce media
at a rate that can be sent in real-time under the observed network
conditions.
If an application cannot access a bandwidth estimation from the QUIC
layer, or the QUIC implementation does not support a delay-based,
low-latency congestion control algorithm, the application can
alternatively implement a bandwidth estimation algorithm at the
application layer. Calculating a bandwidth estimation at the
application layer can be done using the same bandwidth estimation
algorithms as described in Section 6 (NADA, SCReAM). The bandwidth
estimation algorithm typically needs some feedback on the
transmission performance. This feedback can be collected following
the guidelines in Section 7.
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6.3. Resolving Interactions Between QUIC and Application-layer
Congestion Control
Because QUIC is a congestion-controlled transport, as described in
Section 6.1, and RTP applications can also perform congestion control
and rate adaptation, as described in Section 6.2, implementers should
be aware of the possibility that these "nested" congestion control
loops, where both controllers are managing rate adaptation for the
same packet stream independently, may deliver problematic
performance. Because this document is describing a specific case
(media transport), we can provide some guidance to avoid the worst
possible problems.
* *Application-limited Media Flows* - if an application chooses RTP
as its transport mechanism, the goal will be maximizing the user
experience, not maximizing path bandwidth utilization. If the
application is, in fact, transmitting media that does not saturate
path bandwidth, and paces its transmission, more heavy-handed
congestion control mechanisms (drastic reductions in the sending
rate when loss is detected, with much slower increases when losses
are no longer detected) should rarely come into play. If the
application chooses ROQ as its transport, sends enough media to
saturate the path bandwidth, and does not adapt its own sending
rate, drastic measures will be required in order to avoid
sustained or oscillating congestion along the path.
* *Awareness of Bufferbloat* - modern general-purpose congestion
controllers do not adjust their sending rates based only on packet
loss. For example, BBR ("Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip
propagation time") [I-D.cardwell-iccrg-bbr-congestion-control]
describes its strategy for adapting sending rates in this way:
(BBR) "uses recent measurements of a transport connection's
delivery rate, round-trip time, and packet loss rate to build an
explicit model of the network path. BBR then uses this model to
control both how fast it sends data and the maximum volume of data
it allows in flight in the network at any time."
6.4. Sharing QUIC connections
Two endpoints may establish channels in order to exchange more than
one type of data simultaneously. The channels can be intended to
carry real-time RTP data or other non-real-time data. This can be
realized in different ways.
* One straightforward solution is to establish multiple QUIC
connections, one for each channel, whether the channel is used for
real-time media or non-real-time data. This is a straightforward
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solution, but has the disadvantage that transport ports are more
quickly exhausted and these are limited by the 16-bit UDP source
and destination port number sizes [RFC768].
* Alternatively, all real-time channels are mapped to one QUIC
connection, while a separate QUIC connection is created for the
non-real-time channels.
In both cases, the congestion controllers can be chosen to match the
demands of the respective channels and the different QUIC connections
will compete for the same resources in the network. No local
prioritization of data across the different (types of) channels would
be necessary.
Although it is possible to multiplex (all or a subset of) real-time
and non-real-time channels onto a single, shared QUIC connection,
which can be done by using the flow identifier described in
Section 5.1, the underlying QUIC implementation will likely use the
same congestion controller for all channels in the shared QUIC
connection. For this reason, applications multiplexing multiple
streams in one connection SHOULD implement some form of stream
prioritization or bandwidth allocation.
7. Replacing RTCP and RTP Header Extensions with QUIC Feedback
Because RTP has so often used UDP as its underlying transport
protocol, and receiving little or no feedback from UTP, RTP
implementations rely on feedback from the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)
so that RTP senders and receivers can exchange control information to
monitor connection statistics and to identify and synchronize
streams.
Because QUIC provides its own transport-level feedback, at least some
RTP transport level feedback can be replaced with current QUIC
feedback [rfc9000]. In adition, RTP-level feedback that is not
available in QUIC by default can be replaced with generally useful
QUIC extensions. Examples of these extentions include:
* Arrival timestamps, which are not part of QUIC's default
acknowledgment frames, but can be added using
[I-D.draft-smith-quic-receive-ts] or [I-D.draft-huitema-quic-ts],
or
* Adjusting the frequency of QUIC acknowledgments, using
[I-D.draft-ietf-quic-ack-frequency].
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When statistics contained in RTCP packets are also available from
QUIC, or can be derived from statistics available from QUIC, it is
desireable to provide these statistics at only one protocol layer.
This avoids consumption of bandwidth to deliver duplicated control
information. Because QUIC relies on certain frames being sent, it is
not possible to supress QUIC signaling in favor of RTCP signaling, so
if bandwidth is to be conserved, this must be accomplished by
surpressing RTCP signaling in favor of QUIC signalling.
This document specifies a baseline for replacing some of the RTCP
packet types by mapping the contents to QUIC connection statistics.
Future documents can extend this mapping for other RTCP format types,
and can make use of new QUIC extensions that become available over
time.
Most statements about "QUIC" in Section 7 are applicable to both RTP
encapsulated in QUIC streams and RTP encapsulated in QUIC datagrams.
The differences are described in Section 7.1 and Section 7.2.
*Editor's Note:* Additional discussion of bandwidth minimization
could go in this section, or in an earlier proposed section on
motivations for defining and deploying RoQ.
While RoQ places no restrictions on applications sending RTCP, this
document assumes that the reason an implementor chooses to support
RoQ is to obtain benefits beyond what's available when RTP uses UDP
as its underlying transport layer. It is RECOMMENDED to expose
relevant information from the QUIC layer to the application instead
of exchanging additional RTCP packets, where applicable.
Section 7.3 and Section 7.4 discuss what information can be exposed
from the QUIC connection layer to reduce the RTCP overhead.
The list of RTCP packets in this section is not exhaustive and
similar considerations SHOULD be taken into account before exchanging
any other type of RTCP control packets using RoQ.
A more complete analysis of RTCP Control Packet Types (in
Section 7.5), Generic RTP Feedback (RTPFB) (in Section 7.6), Payload-
specific RTP Feedback (PSFB) (in Section 7.7), Extended Reports (in
Section 7.8), and RTP Header Extensions (in Section 7.9), including
the information that cannot be mapped from QUIC.
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7.1. RoQ Datagrams
QUIC Datagrams are ack-eliciting packets, which means, that an
acknowledgment is triggered when a datagram frame is received. Thus,
a sender can assume that an RTP packet arrived at the receiver or was
lost in transit, using the QUIC acknowledgments of QUIC Datagram
frames. In the following, an RTP packet is regarded as acknowledged,
when the QUIC Datagram frame that carried the RTP packet, was
acknowledged.
7.2. RoQ Streams
For RTP packets that are sent over QUIC streams, an RTP packet can be
considered acknowledged, when all frames which carried fragments of
the RTP packet were acknowledged.
When QUIC Streams are used, the application should be aware that the
direct mapping proposed below may not reflect the real
characteristics of the network. RTP packet loss can seem lower than
actual packet loss due to QUIC's automatic retransmissions.
Similarly, timing information might be incorrect due to
retransmissions.
7.3. Transport Layer Feedback
This section explains how some of the RTCP packet types which are
used to signal reception statistics can be replaced by equivalent
statistics that are already collected by QUIC. The following list
explains how this mapping can be achieved for the individual fields
of different RTCP packet types.
7.3.1. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP Receiver Reports ("RR")
Considerations for mapping QUIC feedback into _Receiver Reports_
(PT=201, Name=RR, [RFC3550]) are:
* _Fraction lost_: When RTP packets are carried in QUIC datagrams,
the fraction of lost packets can be directly inferred from QUIC's
acknowledgments. The calculation SHOULD include all packets up to
the acknowledged RTP packet with the highest RTP sequence number.
Later packets SHOULD be ignored, since they may still be in
flight, unless other QUIC packets that were sent after the RTP
packet, were already acknowledged.
* _Cumulative lost_: Similar to the fraction of lost packets, the
cumulative loss can be inferred from QUIC's acknowledgments
including all packets up to the latest acknowledged packet.
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* _Highest Sequence Number received_: In RTCP, this field is a
32-bit field that contains the highest sequence number a receiver
received in an RTP packet and the count of sequence number cycles
the receiver has observed. A sender sends RTP packets in QUIC
packets and receives acknowledgments for the QUIC packets. By
keeping a mapping from a QUIC packet to the RTP packets
encapsulated in that QUIC packet, the sender can infer the highest
sequence number and number of cycles seen by the receiver from
QUIC acknowledgments.
* _Interarrival jitter_: If QUIC acknowledgments carry timestamps as
described in one of the extensions referenced above, senders can
infer from QUIC acks the interarrival jitter from the arrival
timestamps.
* _Last SR_: Similar to RTP arrival times, the arrival time of RTCP
Sender Reports can be inferred from QUIC acknowledgments, if they
include timestamps.
* _Delay since last SR_: This field is not required when the
receiver reports are entirely replaced by QUIC feedback.
7.3.2. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP Negative Acknowledgments* ("NACK")
Considerations for mapping QUIC feedback into _Negative
Acknowledgments_ (PT=205, FMT=1, Name=Generic NACK, [RFC4585]) are:
* The generic negative acknowledgment packet contains information
about packets which the receiver considered lost. Section 6.2.1.
of [RFC4585] recommends to use this feature only, if the
underlying protocol cannot provide similar feedback. QUIC does
not provide negative acknowledgments, but can detect lost packets
based on the Gap numbers contained in QUIC ACK frames Section 6 of
[RFC9002].
7.3.3. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP ECN Feedback ("ECN")
Considerations for mapping QUIC feedback into _ECN Feedback_ (PT=205,
FMT=8, Name=RTCP-ECN-FB, [RFC6679]) are:
* ECN feedback packets report the count of observed ECN-CE marks.
[RFC6679] defines two RTCP reports, one packet type (with PT=205
and FMT=8) and a new report block for the extended reports which
are listed below. QUIC supports ECN reporting through
acknowledgments. If the QUIC connection supports ECN, the
reporting of ECN counts SHOULD be done using QUIC acknowledgments,
rather than RTCP ECN feedback reports.
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7.3.4. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP Congestion Control Feedback
("CCFB")
Considerations for mapping QUIC feedback into _Congestion Control
Feedback_ (PT=205, FMT=11, Name=CCFB, [RFC8888]) are:
* RTP Congestion Control Feedback contains acknowledgments, arrival
timestamps and ECN notifications for each received packet.
Acknowledgments and ECNs can be inferred from QUIC as described
above. Arrival timestamps can be added through extended
acknowledgment frames as described in
[I-D.draft-smith-quic-receive-ts] or [I-D.draft-huitema-quic-ts].
7.3.5. Mapping QUIC Feedback to RTCP Extended Report ("XR")
Considerations for mapping QUIC feedback into _Extended Reports_
(PT=207, Name=XR, [RFC3611]) are:
* Extended Reports offer an extensible framework for a variety of
different control messages. Some of the standard report blocks
which can be implemented in extended reports such as loss RLE or
ECNs can be implemented in QUIC, too.
* Other report blocks SHOULD be evaluated individually, to determine
whether if the contained information can be transmitted using QUIC
instead.
7.4. Application Layer Repair and other Control Messages
While Section 7.3.1 presented some RTCP packets that can be replaced
by QUIC features, QUIC cannot replace all of the defined RTCP packet
types. This mostly affects RTCP packet types which carry control
information that is to be interpreted by the RTP application layer,
rather than the underlying transport protocol itself.
* _Sender Reports_ (PT=200, Name=SR, [RFC3550]) are similar to
_Receiver Reports_, as described in Section 7.3.1. They are sent
by media senders and additionally contain an NTP and a RTP
timestamp and the number of packets and octets transmitted by the
sender. The timestamps can be used by a receiver to synchronize
streams. QUIC cannot provide a similar control information, since
it does not know about RTP timestamps. Nor can a QUIC receiver
calculate the packet or octet counts, since it does not know about
lost datagrams. Thus, sender reports are required in RoQ to
synchronize streams at the receiver. The sender reports SHOULD
not contain any receiver report blocks, as the information can be
inferred from the QUIC transport as explained in Section 7.3.1.
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In addition to carrying transmission statistics, RTCP packets can
contain application layer control information, that cannot directly
be mapped to QUIC. Examples of this information may include:
* _Source Description_ (PT=202, Name=SDES), _Bye_ (PT=203, Name=BYE)
and _Application_ (PT=204, Name=APP) packet types from [RFC3550],
or
* many of the payload specific feedback messages (PT=206) defined in
[RFC4585], used to control the codec behavior of the sender.
Since QUIC does not provide any kind of application layer control
messaging, QUIC feedback cannot be mapped into these RTCP packet
types. If the RTP application needs this information, the RTCP
packet types are used in the same way as they would be used over any
other transport protocol.
7.5. RTCP Control Packet Types
Several but not all of these control packets and their attributes can
be mapped from QUIC, as described in Section 7.3.1. "Mappable from
QUIC" has one of three values: "yes", "QUIC extension required", and
"no".
+============+========+===+=========+=========+====================+
|Name |Shortcut|PT |Defining |Mappable | Comments |
| | | |Document |from QUIC| |
+============+========+===+=========+=========+====================+
|SMPTE time- |SMPTETC |194|[RFC5484]|no | |
|code mapping| | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Extended |IJ |195|[RFC5450]|QUIC | _IJ_ was |
|inter- | | | |extension| introduced to |
|arrival | | | |required | improve jitter |
|jitter | | | | | reports when RTP |
|report | | | | | packets are not |
| | | | | | sent at the time |
| | | | | | indicated by their |
| | | | | | RTP timestamp. |
| | | | | | Jitter can be |
| | | | | | calculated using |
| | | | | | QUIC timestamps, |
| | | | | | because QUIC |
| | | | | | timestamps are |
| | | | | | added when the |
| | | | | | QUIC packet is |
| | | | | | actually sent. |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
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|Sender |SR |200|[RFC3550]|partly | - NTP timestamps |
|Reports | | | | | cannot be replaced |
| | | | | | by QUIC and are |
| | | | | | required for |
| | | | | | synchronization |
| | | | | | (but see note |
| | | | | | below) |
| | | | | | - packet and octet |
| | | | | | counts cannot be |
| | | | | | provided by QUIC |
| | | | | | - see below for |
| | | | | | _RR_s contained in |
| | | | | | _SR_s |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Receiver |RR |201|[RFC3550]|possibly | - _Fraction |
|Reports | | | | | Lost_/_Cumulative |
| | | | | | Lost_/_Highest |
| | | | | | Sequence Number |
| | | | | | received_ can |
| | | | | | directly be |
| | | | | | inferred from QUIC |
| | | | | | ACKs |
| | | | | | - _Interarrival |
| | | | | | Jitter_/_Last SR_ |
| | | | | | need a QUIC |
| | | | | | timestamp |
| | | | | | extension. Using |
| | | | | | QUIC ts is |
| | | | | | slightly different |
| | | | | | because it ignores |
| | | | | | transmission |
| | | | | | offsets from RTP |
| | | | | | timestamps, but |
| | | | | | that seems like a |
| | | | | | good thing (see |
| | | | | | _IJ_ above) |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Source |SDES |202|[RFC3550]|no | |
|description | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Goodbye |BYE |203|[RFC3550]|possibly | using QUIC |
| | | | | | CONNECTION_CLOSE |
| | | | | | frame? |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Application-|APP |204|[RFC3550]|no | |
|defined | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Generic RTP |RTPFB |205|[RFC4585]|partly | see table below |
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|Feedback | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Payload- |PSFB |205|[RFC4585]| | see table below |
|specific | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|extended |XR |207|[RFC3611]|partly | see table below |
|report | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|AVB RTCP |AVB | | | | |
|packet | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Receiver |RSI |209|[RFC5760]| | |
|Summary | | | | | |
|Information | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Port Mapping|TOKEN |210|[RFC6284]|no? | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|IDMS |IDMS |211|[RFC7272]|no | |
|Settings | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Reporting |RGRS |212|[RFC8861]| | |
|Group | | | | | |
|Reporting | | | | | |
|Sources | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
|Splicing |SNM |213|[RFC8286]|no | |
|Notification| | | | | |
|Message | | | | | |
+------------+--------+---+---------+---------+--------------------+
Table 2
7.5.1. Notes
* _SR_ NTP timestamps: We cannot send NTP timestamps in the same
format the SRs use, but couldn't a QUIC timestamp extension
provide the same information?
7.6. Generic RTP Feedback (RTPFB)
+=======+=================+=================+========+================+
|Name |Long Name |Document |Mappable|Comments |
| | | |from | |
| | | |QUIC | |
+=======+=================+=================+========+================+
|Generic|Generic negative |[RFC4585] |possibly|Using QUIC ACKs |
|NACK |acknowledgement | | | |
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
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|TMMBR |Temporary Maximum|[RFC5104] |no | |
| |Media Stream Bit | | | |
| |Rate Request | | | |
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
|TMMBN |Temporary Maximum|[RFC5104] |no | |
| |Media Stream Bit | | | |
| |Rate Notification| | | |
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
|RTCP- |RTCP Rapid |[RFC6051] |no | |
|SR-REQ |Resynchronisation| | | |
| |Request | | | |
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
|RAMS |Rapid Acquisition|[RFC6285] |no | |
| |of Multicast | | | |
| |Sessions | | | |
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
|TLLEI |Transport-Layer |[RFC6642] |no? |no way of |
| |Third-Party Loss | | |telling QUIC |
| |Early Indication | | |peer "don't ask |
| | | | |for |
| | | | |retransmission",|
| | | | |but QUIC would |
| | | | |not ask that |
| | | | |anyway, only |
| | | | |RTCP NACK? |
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
|RTCP- |RTCP ECN Feedback|[RFC6679] |partly |QUIC does not |
|ECN-FB | | | |provide info |
| | | | |about duplicates|
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
|PAUSE- |Media Pause/ |[RFC7728] |no | |
|RESUME |Resume | | | |
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
|DBI |Delay Budget |[_3GPP-TS-26.114]| | |
| |Information (DBI)| | | |
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
|CCFB |RTP Congestion |[RFC8888] |possibly|- _ECN_/_ACK_ |
| |Control Feedback | | |natively in QUIC|
| | | | |- timestamps |
| | | | |require QUIC |
| | | | |timestamp |
| | | | |extension |
+-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------+----------------+
Table 3
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7.7. Payload-specific RTP Feedback (PSFB)
Because QUIC is a generic transport protocol, QUIC feedback cannot
replace the following Payload-specific RTP Feedback (PSFB) feedback.
+=======+========================+================================+
| Name | Long Name | Document |
+=======+========================+================================+
| PLI | Picture Loss | [RFC4585] |
| | Indication | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| SLI | Slice Loss Indication | [RFC4585] |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| RPSI | Reference Picture | [RFC4585] |
| | Selection Indication | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| FIR | Full Intra Request | [RFC5104] |
| | Command | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| TSTR | Temporal-Spatial | [RFC5104] |
| | Trade-off Request | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| TSTN | Temporal-Spatial | [RFC5104] |
| | Trade-off Notification | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| VBCM | Video Back Channel | [RFC5104] |
| | Message | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| PSLEI | Payload-Specific | [RFC6642] |
| | Third-Party Loss Early | |
| | Indication | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ROI | Video region-of- | [_3GPP-TS-26.114] |
| | interest (ROI) | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| LRR | Layer Refresh Request | [I-D.draft-ietf-avtext-lrr-07] |
| | Command | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| AFB | Application Layer | [RFC4585] |
| | Feedback | |
+-------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
Table 4
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7.8. Extended Reports (XR)
+===============+==========+========+===============================+
|Name |Document |Mappable| Comments |
| | |from | |
| | |QUIC | |
+===============+==========+========+===============================+
|Loss RLE Report|[RFC3611] |yes | QUIC ACKs |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Duplicate RLE |[RFC3611] |no | |
|Report Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Packet Receipt |[RFC3611] |possibly| - Could be replaced by QUIC |
|Times Report | | | timestamps. |
|Block | | | - Would not use RTP |
| | | | timestamps. |
| | | | - Only if QUIC timestamps for |
| | | | *every* packet is included |
| | | | (e.g. _draft-smith-quic- |
| | | | receive-ts_ but not _draft- |
| | | | huitema-quic-ts_) |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Receiver |[RFC3611] |possibly| QUIC timestamps |
|Reference Time | | | |
|Report Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|DLRR Report |[RFC3611] |possibly| QUIC ACKs and QUIC |
|Block | | | timestamps. In general, |
| | | | however, it seems to be |
| | | | useful only to calculate RTT, |
| | | | which is natively available |
| | | | in QUIC. |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Statistics |[RFC3611] |partly | - loss and jitter as |
|Summary Report | | | described in other reports |
|Block | | | above. |
| | | | - _TTL_/_HL_/_Duplicates_ not |
| | | | available in QUIC |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|VoIP Metrics |[RFC3611] |no | as in other reports above, |
|Report Block | | | only loss and RTT available |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|RTCP XR |[RFC5093] |no | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Texas | | | |
|Instruments | | | |
|Extended VoIP | | | |
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|Quality Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Post-repair |[RFC5725] |no | |
|Loss RLE Report| | | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Multicast |[RFC6332] |no | |
|Acquisition | | | |
|Report Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|IDMS Report |[RFC7272] |no | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|ECN Summary |[RFC6679] |partly | QUIC does not provide info |
|Report | | | about duplicates |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Measurement |[RFC6776] |no | |
|Information | | | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Packet Delay |[RFC6798] |no | QUIC timestamps may be used |
|Variation | | | to achieve the same goal? |
|Metrics Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Delay Metrics |[RFC6843] |no | QUIC has RTT and can provide |
|Block | | | timestamps for one-way delay, |
| | | | but no way of informing peers |
| | | | about end-to-end statistics |
| | | | when QUIC is only used on one |
| | | | segment of the path. |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Burst/Gap Loss |[RFC7004] | | QUIC ACKs? |
|Summary | | | |
|Statistics | | | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Burst/Gap |[RFC7004] |no | |
|Discard Summary| | | |
|Statistics | | | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Frame |[RFC7004] |no | |
|Impairment | | | |
|Statistics | | | |
|Summary | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Burst/Gap Loss |[RFC6958] | | QUIC ACKs? |
|Metrics Block | | | |
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+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Burst/Gap |[RFC7003] |no | |
|Discard Metrics| | | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|MPEG2 Transport|[RFC6990] |no | |
|Stream PSI- | | | |
|Independent | | | |
|Decodability | | | |
|Statistics | | | |
|Metrics Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|De-Jitter |[RFC7005] |no | |
|Buffer Metrics | | | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Discard Count |[RFC7002] |no | |
|Metrics Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|DRLE (Discard |[RFC7097] |no | |
|RLE Report) | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|BDR (Bytes |[RFC7243] |no | |
|Discarded | | | |
|Report) | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|RFISD (RTP |[RFC7244] |no | |
|Flows Initial | | | |
|Synchronization| | | |
|Delay) | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|RFSO (RTP Flows|[RFC7244] |no | |
|Synchronization| | | |
|Offset Metrics | | | |
|Block) | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|MOS Metrics |[RFC7266] |no | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|LCB (Loss |[RFC7294],|no | |
|Concealment |Section | | |
|Metrics Block) |4.1 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|CSB (Concealed |[RFC7294],|no | |
|Seconds Metrics|Section | | |
|Block) |4.1 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|MPEG2 Transport|[RFC7380] |no | |
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|Stream PSI | | | |
|Decodability | | | |
|Statistics | | | |
|Metrics Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Post-Repair |[RFC7509] |no | |
|Loss Count | | | |
|Metrics Report | | | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Video Loss |[RFC7867] |no | |
|Concealment | | | |
|Metric Report | | | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
|Independent |[RFC8015] |no | |
|Burst/Gap | | | |
|Discard Metrics| | | |
|Block | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------+-------------------------------+
Table 5
7.9. RTP Header extensions
* _Transmission offset_ [RFC5450] is used for better jitter
calculation. If we have QUIC timestamps, we don't need to work
around RTP timestamps offsets because we can use the QUIC
timestamps to calculate network jitter.
8. API Considerations
The mapping described in the previous sections poses some interface
requirements on the QUIC implementation. Although a basic mapping
should work without any of these requirements most of the
optimizations regarding rate adaptation and RTCP mapping require
certain functionalities to be exposed to the application. The
following to sections contain a list of information that is required
by an application to implement different optimizations (Section 8.1)
and functions that a QUIC implementation SHOULD expose to an
application (Section 8.2).
Each item in the following list can be considered individually. Any
exposed information or function can be used by RoQ regardless of
whether the other items are available. Thus, RoQ does not depend on
the availability of all of the listed features but can apply
different optimizations depending on the functionality exposed by the
QUIC implementation.
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8.1. Information to be exported from QUIC
This section provides a list of items that an application might want
to export from an underlying QUIC implementation. It is thus
RECOMMENDED that a QUIC implementation exports the listed items to
the application.
* _Maximum Datagram Size_: The maximum datagram size that the QUIC
connection can transmit.
* _Datagram Acknowledgment and Loss_: Section 5.2 of [RFC9221]
allows QUIC implementations to notify the application that a QUIC
Datagram was acknowledged or that it believes a datagram was lost.
The exposed information SHOULD include enough information to allow
the application to maintain a mapping between the datagram that
was acknowledged/lost and the RTP packet that was sent in that
datagram.
* _Stream States_: The QUIC implementation SHOULD expose to a
sender, how much of the data that was sent on a stream was
successfully delivered and how much data is still outstanding to
be sent or retransmitted.
* _Arrival timestamps_: If the QUIC connection uses a timestamp
extension like [I-D.draft-smith-quic-receive-ts] or
[I-D.draft-huitema-quic-ts], the arrival timestamps or one-way
delays SHOULD be exposed to the application.
* _Bandwidth Estimation_: If congestion control is done at the
transport layer in the QUIC implementation, the QUIC
implementation SHOULD expose an estimation of the currently
available bandwidth to the application. Exposing the bandwidth
estimation avoids the implementation of an additional bandwidth
estimation algorithm in the application.
* _ECN_: If ECN marks are available, they SHOULD be exposed to the
application.
8.2. Functions to be exposed by QUIC
This sections lists functions that a QUIC implementation SHOULD
expose to an application to implement different features of the
mapping described in the previous sections of this document.
* _Cancel Streams_: To allow an application to cancel
(re)transmission of packets that are no longer needed, the QUIC
implementation MUST expose a way to cancel the corresponding QUIC
streams.
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* _Configure Congestion Controller_: If congestion control is to be
implemented at the QUIC connection layer as described in
Section 6.1, the QUIC implementation SHOULD expose an API to allow
the application to configure the specifics of the congestion
controller.
9. Discussion
9.1. Impact of Connection Migration
RTP sessions are characterized by a continuous flow of packets into
either or both directions. A connection migration may lead to
pausing media transmission until reachability of the peer under the
new address is validated. This may lead to short breaks in media
delivery in the order of RTT and, if RTCP is used for RTT
measurements, may cause spikes in observed delays. Application layer
congestion control mechanisms (and also packet repair schemes such as
retransmissions) need to be prepared to cope with such spikes.
If a QUIC connection is established via a signaling channel, this
signaling may have involved Interactive Connectivity Establishment
(ICE) exchanges to determine and choose suitable (IP address, port
number) pairs for the QUIC connection. Subsequent address change
events may be noticed by QUIC via its connection migration handling
and/or at the ICE or other application layer, e.g., by noticing
changing IP addresses at the network interface. This may imply that
the two signaling and data "layers" get (temporarily) out of sync.
*Editor's Note:* It may be desirable that the API provides an
indication of connection migration event for either case.
9.2. 0-RTT considerations
For repeated connections between peers, the initiator of a QUIC
connection can use 0-RTT data for both QUIC streams and datagrams.
As such packets are subject to replay attacks, applications shall
carefully specify which data types and operations are allowed. 0-RTT
data may be beneficial for use with RoQ to reduce the risk of media
clipping, e.g., at the beginning of a conversation.
This specification defines carrying RTP on top of QUIC and thus does
not finally define what the actual application data are going to be.
RTP typically carries ephemeral media contents that is rendered and
possibly recorded but otherwise causes no side effects. Moreover,
the amount of data that can be carried as 0-RTT data is rather
limited. But it is the responsibility of the respective application
to determine if 0-RTT data is permissible.
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*Editor's Note:* Since the QUIC connection will often be created
in the context of an existing signaling relationship (e.g., using
WebRTC or SIP), specific 0-RTT keying material could be exchanged
to prevent replays across sessions. Within the same connection,
replayed media packets would be discarded as duplicates by the
receiver.
10. Security Considerations
RoQ is subject to the security considerations of RTP described in
Section 9 of [RFC3550] and the security considerations of any RTP
profile in use.
The security considerations for the QUIC protocol and datagram
extension described in Section 21 of [RFC9000], Section 9 of
[RFC9001], Section 8 of [RFC9002] and Section 6 of [RFC9221] also
apply to RoQ.
Note that RTP-over-QUIC provides mandatory security, and other RTP
transports do not. In order to prevent the inadvertent disclosure of
RTP sessions to unintended third parties, RTP topologies described in
Section 3.1 that include middleboxes supporting both RTP-over-QUIC
and non-RTP-over-QUIC paths MUST forward RTP packets on non-RTP-over-
QUIC paths using a secure AVP profile ([RFC3711], [RFC4585], or
another AVP profile providing equivalent RTP-level security), whether
or not RTP-over-QUIC senders are using a secure AVP profile for those
RTP packets.
11. IANA Considerations
11.1. Registration of a RoQ Identification String
This document creates a new registration for the identification of
RoQ in the "TLS Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN)
Protocol IDs" registry [RFC7301].
The "rtp-mux-quic" string identifies RoQ:
Protocol: RTP over QUIC (RoQ)
Identification Sequence: 0x72 0x74 0x70 0x2D 0x6F 0x76 0x65 0x72
0x2D 0x71 0x75 0x69 0x63 ("rtp-mux-quic")
Specification: This document
12. References
12.1. Normative References
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[I-D.draft-huitema-quic-ts]
Huitema, C., "Quic Timestamps For Measuring One-Way
Delays", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-huitema-
quic-ts-08, 28 August 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-huitema-quic-
ts-08>.
[I-D.draft-ietf-quic-ack-frequency]
Iyengar, J., Swett, I., and M. Kühlewind, "QUIC
Acknowledgement Frequency", Work in Progress, Internet-
Draft, draft-ietf-quic-ack-frequency-05, 10 July 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic-
ack-frequency-05>.
[I-D.draft-smith-quic-receive-ts]
Smith, C. and I. Swett, "QUIC Extension for Reporting
Packet Receive Timestamps", Work in Progress, Internet-
Draft, draft-smith-quic-receive-ts-00, 25 October 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-smith-quic-
receive-ts-00>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550,
July 2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3550>.
[RFC3551] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and
Video Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3551, July 2003,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3551>.
[RFC3611] Friedman, T., Ed., Caceres, R., Ed., and A. Clark, Ed.,
"RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)",
RFC 3611, DOI 10.17487/RFC3611, November 2003,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3611>.
[RFC4585] Ott, J., Wenger, S., Sato, N., Burmeister, C., and J. Rey,
"Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control
Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF)", RFC 4585,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4585, July 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4585>.
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[RFC4588] Rey, J., Leon, D., Miyazaki, A., Varsa, V., and R.
Hakenberg, "RTP Retransmission Payload Format", RFC 4588,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4588, July 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4588>.
[RFC6679] Westerlund, M., Johansson, I., Perkins, C., O'Hanlon, P.,
and K. Carlberg, "Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
for RTP over UDP", RFC 6679, DOI 10.17487/RFC6679, August
2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6679>.
[RFC7301] Friedl, S., Popov, A., Langley, A., and E. Stephan,
"Transport Layer Security (TLS) Application-Layer Protocol
Negotiation Extension", RFC 7301, DOI 10.17487/RFC7301,
July 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7301>.
[RFC7667] Westerlund, M. and S. Wenger, "RTP Topologies", RFC 7667,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7667, November 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7667>.
[RFC768] Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
DOI 10.17487/RFC0768, August 1980,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc768>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[RFC8298] Johansson, I. and Z. Sarker, "Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation
for Multimedia", RFC 8298, DOI 10.17487/RFC8298, December
2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8298>.
[RFC8698] Zhu, X., Pan, R., Ramalho, M., and S. Mena, "Network-
Assisted Dynamic Adaptation (NADA): A Unified Congestion
Control Scheme for Real-Time Media", RFC 8698,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8698, February 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8698>.
[RFC8836] Jesup, R. and Z. Sarker, Ed., "Congestion Control
Requirements for Interactive Real-Time Media", RFC 8836,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8836, January 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8836>.
[RFC8888] Sarker, Z., Perkins, C., Singh, V., and M. Ramalho, "RTP
Control Protocol (RTCP) Feedback for Congestion Control",
RFC 8888, DOI 10.17487/RFC8888, January 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8888>.
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[RFC8999] Thomson, M., "Version-Independent Properties of QUIC",
RFC 8999, DOI 10.17487/RFC8999, May 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8999>.
[RFC9000] Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000>.
[rfc9000] Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000>.
[RFC9001] Thomson, M., Ed. and S. Turner, Ed., "Using TLS to Secure
QUIC", RFC 9001, DOI 10.17487/RFC9001, May 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9001>.
[RFC9002] Iyengar, J., Ed. and I. Swett, Ed., "QUIC Loss Detection
and Congestion Control", RFC 9002, DOI 10.17487/RFC9002,
May 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9002>.
[RFC9221] Pauly, T., Kinnear, E., and D. Schinazi, "An Unreliable
Datagram Extension to QUIC", RFC 9221,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9221, March 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9221>.
12.2. Informative References
[I-D.cardwell-iccrg-bbr-congestion-control]
Cardwell, N., Cheng, Y., Yeganeh, S. H., Swett, I., and V.
Jacobson, "BBR Congestion Control", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-cardwell-iccrg-bbr-congestion-
control-02, 7 March 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-cardwell-
iccrg-bbr-congestion-control-02>.
[I-D.draft-alvestrand-rmcat-remb]
Alvestrand, H. T., "RTCP message for Receiver Estimated
Maximum Bitrate", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
alvestrand-rmcat-remb-03, 21 October 2013,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-alvestrand-
rmcat-remb-03>.
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[I-D.draft-dawkins-avtcore-sdp-rtp-quic]
Dawkins, S., "SDP Offer/Answer for RTP using QUIC as
Transport", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
dawkins-avtcore-sdp-rtp-quic-00, 28 January 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-dawkins-
avtcore-sdp-rtp-quic-00>.
[I-D.draft-hurst-quic-rtp-tunnelling]
Hurst, S., "QRT: QUIC RTP Tunnelling", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-hurst-quic-rtp-tunnelling-01, 28
January 2021, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-hurst-quic-rtp-tunnelling-01>.
[I-D.draft-ietf-avtext-lrr-07]
Lennox, J., Hong, D., Uberti, J., Holmer, S., and M.
Flodman, "The Layer Refresh Request (LRR) RTCP Feedback
Message", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
avtext-lrr-07, 2 July 2017,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-avtext-
lrr-07>.
[I-D.draft-ietf-masque-h3-datagram]
Schinazi, D. and L. Pardue, "HTTP Datagrams and the
Capsule Protocol", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-ietf-masque-h3-datagram-11, 17 June 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-masque-
h3-datagram-11>.
[I-D.draft-ietf-rmcat-gcc]
Holmer, S., Lundin, H., Carlucci, G., De Cicco, L., and S.
Mascolo, "A Google Congestion Control Algorithm for Real-
Time Communication", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-ietf-rmcat-gcc-02, 8 July 2016,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-rmcat-
gcc-02>.
[I-D.draft-ietf-wish-whip]
Murillo, S. G. and A. Gouaillard, "WebRTC-HTTP ingestion
protocol (WHIP)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
ietf-wish-whip-08, 30 March 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-wish-
whip-08>.
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[I-D.draft-thomson-quic-enough-00]
Thomson, M., "Signaling That a QUIC Receiver Has Enough
Stream Data", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
thomson-quic-enough-00, 30 March 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-thomson-quic-
enough-00>.
[RFC3168] Ramakrishnan, K., Floyd, S., and D. Black, "The Addition
of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP",
RFC 3168, DOI 10.17487/RFC3168, September 2001,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3168>.
[RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3261, June 2002,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3261>.
[RFC3711] Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
RFC 3711, DOI 10.17487/RFC3711, March 2004,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3711>.
[RFC5093] Hunt, G., "BT's eXtended Network Quality RTP Control
Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR XNQ)", RFC 5093,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5093, December 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5093>.
[RFC5104] Wenger, S., Chandra, U., Westerlund, M., and B. Burman,
"Codec Control Messages in the RTP Audio-Visual Profile
with Feedback (AVPF)", RFC 5104, DOI 10.17487/RFC5104,
February 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5104>.
[RFC5450] Singer, D. and H. Desineni, "Transmission Time Offsets in
RTP Streams", RFC 5450, DOI 10.17487/RFC5450, March 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5450>.
[RFC5484] Singer, D., "Associating Time-Codes with RTP Streams",
RFC 5484, DOI 10.17487/RFC5484, March 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5484>.
[RFC5725] Begen, A., Hsu, D., and M. Lague, "Post-Repair Loss RLE
Report Block Type for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended
Reports (XRs)", RFC 5725, DOI 10.17487/RFC5725, February
2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5725>.
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[RFC5760] Ott, J., Chesterfield, J., and E. Schooler, "RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP) Extensions for Single-Source Multicast
Sessions with Unicast Feedback", RFC 5760,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5760, February 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5760>.
[RFC5761] Perkins, C. and M. Westerlund, "Multiplexing RTP Data and
Control Packets on a Single Port", RFC 5761,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5761, April 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5761>.
[RFC6051] Perkins, C. and T. Schierl, "Rapid Synchronisation of RTP
Flows", RFC 6051, DOI 10.17487/RFC6051, November 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6051>.
[RFC6284] Begen, A., Wing, D., and T. Van Caenegem, "Port Mapping
between Unicast and Multicast RTP Sessions", RFC 6284,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6284, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6284>.
[RFC6285] Ver Steeg, B., Begen, A., Van Caenegem, T., and Z. Vax,
"Unicast-Based Rapid Acquisition of Multicast RTP
Sessions", RFC 6285, DOI 10.17487/RFC6285, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6285>.
[RFC6332] Begen, A. and E. Friedrich, "Multicast Acquisition Report
Block Type for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended
Reports (XRs)", RFC 6332, DOI 10.17487/RFC6332, July 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6332>.
[RFC6582] Henderson, T., Floyd, S., Gurtov, A., and Y. Nishida, "The
NewReno Modification to TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm",
RFC 6582, DOI 10.17487/RFC6582, April 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6582>.
[RFC6642] Wu, Q., Ed., Xia, F., and R. Even, "RTP Control Protocol
(RTCP) Extension for a Third-Party Loss Report", RFC 6642,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6642, June 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6642>.
[RFC6776] Clark, A. and Q. Wu, "Measurement Identity and Information
Reporting Using a Source Description (SDES) Item and an
RTCP Extended Report (XR) Block", RFC 6776,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6776, October 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6776>.
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[RFC6798] Clark, A. and Q. Wu, "RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended
Report (XR) Block for Packet Delay Variation Metric
Reporting", RFC 6798, DOI 10.17487/RFC6798, November 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6798>.
[RFC6843] Clark, A., Gross, K., and Q. Wu, "RTP Control Protocol
(RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Delay Metric
Reporting", RFC 6843, DOI 10.17487/RFC6843, January 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6843>.
[RFC6958] Clark, A., Zhang, S., Zhao, J., and Q. Wu, Ed., "RTP
Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for
Burst/Gap Loss Metric Reporting", RFC 6958,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6958, May 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6958>.
[RFC6990] Huang, R., Wu, Q., Asaeda, H., and G. Zorn, "RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for MPEG-2
Transport Stream (TS) Program Specific Information (PSI)
Independent Decodability Statistics Metrics Reporting",
RFC 6990, DOI 10.17487/RFC6990, August 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6990>.
[RFC7002] Clark, A., Zorn, G., and Q. Wu, "RTP Control Protocol
(RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Discard Count Metric
Reporting", RFC 7002, DOI 10.17487/RFC7002, September
2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7002>.
[RFC7003] Clark, A., Huang, R., and Q. Wu, Ed., "RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Burst/Gap
Discard Metric Reporting", RFC 7003, DOI 10.17487/RFC7003,
September 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7003>.
[RFC7004] Zorn, G., Schott, R., Wu, Q., Ed., and R. Huang, "RTP
Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Blocks for
Summary Statistics Metrics Reporting", RFC 7004,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7004, September 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7004>.
[RFC7005] Clark, A., Singh, V., and Q. Wu, "RTP Control Protocol
(RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for De-Jitter Buffer
Metric Reporting", RFC 7005, DOI 10.17487/RFC7005,
September 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7005>.
[RFC7097] Ott, J., Singh, V., Ed., and I. Curcio, "RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) for RLE of Discarded
Packets", RFC 7097, DOI 10.17487/RFC7097, January 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7097>.
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[RFC7243] Singh, V., Ed., Ott, J., and I. Curcio, "RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for the Bytes
Discarded Metric", RFC 7243, DOI 10.17487/RFC7243, May
2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7243>.
[RFC7244] Asaeda, H., Wu, Q., and R. Huang, "RTP Control Protocol
(RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Blocks for Synchronization
Delay and Offset Metrics Reporting", RFC 7244,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7244, May 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7244>.
[RFC7266] Clark, A., Wu, Q., Schott, R., and G. Zorn, "RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Blocks for Mean
Opinion Score (MOS) Metric Reporting", RFC 7266,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7266, June 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7266>.
[RFC7272] van Brandenburg, R., Stokking, H., van Deventer, O.,
Boronat, F., Montagud, M., and K. Gross, "Inter-
Destination Media Synchronization (IDMS) Using the RTP
Control Protocol (RTCP)", RFC 7272, DOI 10.17487/RFC7272,
June 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7272>.
[RFC7294] Clark, A., Zorn, G., Bi, C., and Q. Wu, "RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Blocks for
Concealment Metrics Reporting on Audio Applications",
RFC 7294, DOI 10.17487/RFC7294, July 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7294>.
[RFC7380] Tong, J., Bi, C., Ed., Even, R., Wu, Q., Ed., and R.
Huang, "RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR)
Block for MPEG2 Transport Stream (TS) Program Specific
Information (PSI) Decodability Statistics Metrics
Reporting", RFC 7380, DOI 10.17487/RFC7380, November 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7380>.
[RFC7509] Huang, R. and V. Singh, "RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)
Extended Report (XR) for Post-Repair Loss Count Metrics",
RFC 7509, DOI 10.17487/RFC7509, May 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7509>.
[RFC7728] Burman, B., Akram, A., Even, R., and M. Westerlund, "RTP
Stream Pause and Resume", RFC 7728, DOI 10.17487/RFC7728,
February 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7728>.
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[RFC7826] Schulzrinne, H., Rao, A., Lanphier, R., Westerlund, M.,
and M. Stiemerling, Ed., "Real-Time Streaming Protocol
Version 2.0", RFC 7826, DOI 10.17487/RFC7826, December
2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7826>.
[RFC7867] Huang, R., "RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report
(XR) Block for Loss Concealment Metrics for Video
Applications", RFC 7867, DOI 10.17487/RFC7867, July 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7867>.
[RFC8015] Singh, V., Perkins, C., Clark, A., and R. Huang, "RTP
Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for
Independent Reporting of Burst/Gap Discard Metrics",
RFC 8015, DOI 10.17487/RFC8015, November 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8015>.
[RFC8085] Eggert, L., Fairhurst, G., and G. Shepherd, "UDP Usage
Guidelines", BCP 145, RFC 8085, DOI 10.17487/RFC8085,
March 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8085>.
[RFC8286] Xia, J., Even, R., Huang, R., and L. Deng, "RTP/RTCP
Extension for RTP Splicing Notification", RFC 8286,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8286, October 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8286>.
[RFC8825] Alvestrand, H., "Overview: Real-Time Protocols for
Browser-Based Applications", RFC 8825,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8825, January 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8825>.
[RFC8860] Westerlund, M., Perkins, C., and J. Lennox, "Sending
Multiple Types of Media in a Single RTP Session",
RFC 8860, DOI 10.17487/RFC8860, January 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8860>.
[RFC8861] Lennox, J., Westerlund, M., Wu, Q., and C. Perkins,
"Sending Multiple RTP Streams in a Single RTP Session:
Grouping RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Reception Statistics
and Other Feedback", RFC 8861, DOI 10.17487/RFC8861,
January 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8861>.
[RFC9308] Kühlewind, M. and B. Trammell, "Applicability of the QUIC
Transport Protocol", RFC 9308, DOI 10.17487/RFC9308,
September 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9308>.
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Internet-Draft RTP over QUIC July 2023
[_3GPP-TS-26.114]
"IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); Multimedia telephony;
Media handling and interaction", 5 January 2023,
<(https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/
specificationId=1404)>.
Appendix A. Experimental Results
An experimental implementation of the mapping described in this
document can be found on Github (https://github.com/mengelbart/rtp-
over-quic). The application implements the RoQ Datagrams mapping and
implements SCReAM congestion control at the application layer. It
can optionally disable the builtin QUIC congestion control (NewReno).
The endpoints only use RTCP for congestion control feedback, which
can optionally be disabled and replaced by the QUIC connection
statistics as described in Section 7.3.
Experimental results of the implementation can be found on Github
(https://github.com/mengelbart/rtp-over-quic-mininet), too.
Acknowledgments
Early versions of this document were similar in spirit to
[I-D.draft-hurst-quic-rtp-tunnelling], although many details differ.
The authors would like to thank Sam Hurst for providing his thoughts
about how QUIC could be used to carry RTP.
The authors would like to thank Bernard Aboba, David Schinazi, Lucas
Pardue, Sergio Garcia Murillo, Spencer Dawkins, and Vidhi Goel for
their valuable comments and suggestions contributing to this
document.
Authors' Addresses
Jörg Ott
Technical University Munich
Email: ott@in.tum.de
Mathis Engelbart
Technical University Munich
Email: mathis.engelbart@gmail.com
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