RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Loss Concealment Metrics for Video Applications
draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-video-lc-06
The information below is for an old version of the document that is already published as an RFC.
Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7867.
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Author | Rachel Huang | ||
Last updated | 2016-07-29 (Latest revision 2016-03-30) | ||
RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
Intended RFC status | Proposed Standard | ||
Formats | |||
Reviews |
GENART Last Call review
(of
-05)
by Elwyn Davies
Ready w/nits
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Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
Stream | WG state | Submitted to IESG for Publication | |
Document shepherd | Dan Romascanu | ||
Shepherd write-up | Show Last changed 2015-11-03 | ||
IESG | IESG state | Became RFC 7867 (Proposed Standard) | |
Action Holders |
(None)
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Consensus boilerplate | Yes | ||
Telechat date | (None) | ||
Responsible AD | Alissa Cooper | ||
Send notices to | "Dan Romascanu" <dromasca@avaya.com> | ||
IANA | IANA review state | Version Changed - Review Needed | |
IANA action state | RFC-Ed-Ack |
draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-video-lc-06
XRBLOCK R. Huang INTERNET-DRAFT Huawei Intended Status: Standards Track March 30, 2016 Expires: September 30, 2016 RTCP XR Report Block for Loss Concealment Metrics Reporting on Video Applications draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-video-lc-06 Abstract This document defines a new RTCP XR Report Block that allows the reporting of loss concealment metrics for video applications of RTP. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html Copyright and License Notice Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 1] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 RTCP and RTCP XR Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Performance Metrics Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Video Loss Concealment Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 Video Loss Concealment Report Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 SDP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.1 SDP rtcp-xr-attrib Attribute Extension . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2 Offer/Answer Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7 IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.1 New RTCP XR Block Type Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.2 New RTCP XR SDP Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.3 Contact Information for registrations . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9.1 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9.2 Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Appendix A. Metrics Represented Using the Template from RFC 6390 . 11 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 2] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 1 Introduction Multimedia applications often suffer from packet losses in IP networks. In order to get a reasonable degree of quality in case of packet losses, it is necessary to have loss concealment mechanisms at the decoder. Video loss concealment is a range of techniques to mask the effects of packet loss in video communications. In some applications, reporting the information of receivers applying video loss concealment could give monitors or senders useful information on application QoE. One example is no-reference video quality evaluation. Video probes located upstream from the video endpoint or terminal may not see loss occurring between the probe and the endpoint, and may also not be fully aware of the specific loss concealment methods being dynamically applied by the video endpoint. Evaluating error concealment is important in the circumstance in estimating the subjective impact of impairments. This draft defines one new video loss concealment block type to augment those defined in [RFC3611] and [RFC7294] for use in a range of RTP video applications. The metrics defined in this draft belong to the class of transport-related terminal metrics defined in [RFC6792]. 1.1 RTCP and RTCP XR Reports The use of RTCP for reporting is defined in [RFC3550]. [RFC3611] defines an extensible structure for reporting using an RTCP Extended Report (XR). This draft defines a new Extended Report block that is used as defined in [RFC3550] and [RFC3611]. 1.2 Performance Metrics Framework The Performance Metrics Framework [RFC6390] provides guidance on the definition and specification of performance metrics. The RTP Monitoring Architectures [RFC6792] provides guidelines for reporting block format using RTCP XR. The XR block type described in this document are in accordance with the guidelines in [RFC6390] and [RFC6792]. 1.3 Applicability These metrics are applicable to video applications the video component of Audio/Video applications using RTP and applying packet loss concealment mechanisms which are incorporated into the receiving endpoint to mitigate the impact of network impairments on QoE. For example, in an IPTV system Set Top Boxes could use this RTCP XR block to report loss and loss concealment metrics to an IPTV management <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 3] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 system to enable the service provider to monitor the quality of the IPTV service being delivered to end users. 2 Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 3 Video Loss Concealment Methods Video loss concealment mechanisms can be classified into 4 types as follow: a) Frame freeze The impaired video frame is not displayed, instead, the previously displayed frame is frozen for the duration of the loss event. b) Inter-frame extrapolation If an area of the video frame is damaged by loss, the same area from the previous frame(s) can be used to estimate what the missing pixels would have been. This can work well in a scene with no motion but can be very noticeable if there is significant movement from one frame to another. Simple decoders can simply re-use the pixels that were in the missing area while more complex decoders can try to use several frames to do a more complex extrapolation. Another example of a sophisticated form of inter-frame repair is to estimate the motion of the damaged region based on the motion of surrounding regions, and use that to select what part of the previous frame to use for repair. Some important frames, such as IDR frames, may not depend on any other frames and may be involved in a scene change. Using inter-frame extrapolation method to conceal the loss of these frames may not obtain a quite satisfactory result. c) Interpolation A decoder uses the undamaged pixels in the video frame to estimate what the missing block of pixels should have. d) Error Resilient Encoding The sender encodes the message in a redundant way so that receiver can correct errors using the redundant information. There are usually two kinds of Error Resilient Encoding: One is that the redundant data useful for error resiliency performed at the decoder can be embedded into the compressed image/video bitstream. The other is bit-block <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 4] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 level encoding, e.g., FEC. Usually, methods b,c,d are deployed together to provide a comprehensive loss concealment in some complex decoders, while method a is relatively independent and may be only applied in some simple decoders. Moreover, frame freeze method repairs video based on frames while the other methods repair video based on fine-grained elements, such as macroblock or bit-block, which will cause the measurement metrics of frame freeze and the other methods slightly different. Thus, In this document, we differentiate between frame freeze and the other 3 concealment mechanisms described. 4 Video Loss Concealment Report Block This block reports the video loss concealment metrics to complement the audio metrics defined in [RFC7294]. The report block MUST be sent in conjunction with the information from the Measurement Information Block [RFC6776]. Instances of this metric block refer by SSRC to the separate auxiliary Measurement Information Block [RFC6776]. This metric block relies on the measurement period in the Measurement Information Block indicating the span of the report. If the measurement period is not received in the same compound RTCP packet as this metric block, this metric block MUST be discarded at the receiving side. The metrics in this report block are based on measurements that are typically made at the time that a video frame is decoded and rendered for playout. The video loss concealment report block has the following format: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | BT=VLC | I | V | RSV | block length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | SSRC of Source | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Impaired Duration | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Concealed Duration | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mean Frame Freeze Duration (optional) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | MIFP | MCFP | FFSC | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 1: Format for the Video Loss Concealment Report Block Block Type (BT): 8 bits <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 5] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 A Video Loss Concealment Report Block is identified by the constant VLC. [Note to RFC Editor: Please replace VLC with the IANA provided RTCP XR block type for this block.] Interval Metric Flag (I): 2 bits This field indicates whether the reported metrics are interval, cumulative, or sampled metrics [RFC6792]: I=10: Interval Duration - the reported value applies to the most recent measurement interval duration between successive metrics reports. I=11: Cumulative Duration - the reported value applies to the accumulation period characteristic of cumulative measurements. I=01: Sampled Value - this value MUST NOT be used for this block type. I=00: Reserved. Video Loss Concealment Method Type (V): 2 bits This field is used to identify the video loss concealment method type used at the receiver. The value is defined as follow: V=10 - Frame freeze V=11 - Other Loss Concealment Method V=01&00 - Reserved If Frame freeze and other loss concealment method are used together for the media stream, 2 report blocks, one with V=10 for frame freeze and one with V=11 for other loss concealment method SHOULD be compounded together to report the whole concealment information. RSV: 4 bits These bits are reserved for future use. They MUST be set to zero by senders and ignored by receivers (see Section 4.2 of [RFC6709]). block length: 16 bits This field is in accordance with the definition in [RFC3611]. In <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 6] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 this report block, it MUST be set to 5 when V=10 and be set to 4 when V=11. The block MUST be discarded if the block length is set to a different value. SSRC of source: 32 bits As defined in Section 4.1 of [RFC3611]. Impaired Duration: 32 bits The total time length, expressed in units of RTP timestamp from the sending side of the reporting block, of video impaired by transmission loss before applying any loss concealment methods. Two values are reserved: A value of 0xFFFFFFFE indicates out of range (that is, a measured value exceeding 0xFFFFFFFD) and a value of 0xFFFFFFFF indicates that the measurement is unavailable. Concealed Duration: 32 bits The total time length, expressed in units of RTP timestamp from the sending side of the reporting block, of concealed damaged video pictures on which loss concealment method corresponding to Video Loss Concealment Method Type is applied. Two values are reserved: A value of 0xFFFFFFFE indicates out of range (that is, a measured value exceeding 0xFFFFFFFD) and a value of 0xFFFFFFFF indicates that the measurement is unavailable. Mean Frame Freeze Duration: 32 bits Mean Frame Freeze Duration is the mean duration, expressed in units of RTP timestamp from the sending side of the reporting block, of the frame freeze events. The value of Mean Frame Freeze Duration is calculated by summing the total duration of all frame freeze events and dividing by the number of events. This metric is optional. It only exists when Video Loss Concealment Method Type=10. Mean Impaired Frame Proportion (MIFP): 8 bits Mean Impaired Frame Proportion is the mean proportion of each video frame impaired by loss before applying any loss concealment method during the interval, expressed as a fixed point number with the binary point at the left edge of the field. It is calculated by summing the impaired proportion of each video frame and dividing by the number of frames during this period. The impaired <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 7] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 proportion of each video frame is obtained by dividing the number of missing macroblocks from this video frame by the total macroblock number of the video frame, which is equivalent to multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the integer part. If a video frame is totally lost, a value of 0xFF SHOULD be used for the frame when calculating the mean value. Mean Concealed Frame Proportion (MCFP): 8 bits Mean Concealed Frame Proportion is the mean proportion of each video frame to which loss concealment (depicted as "V" in the definition of "Video Loss Concealment Method Type") was applied during the interval, expressed as a fixed point number with the binary point at the left edge of the field. It is calculated by summing the concealed proportion of each video frame and dividing by the number of frames during this period. The concealed proportion of each video frame is obtained by dividing the number of concealed macroblocks from this video frame by the total macroblock number of the video frame, which is equivalent to multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the integer part. If a lost video frame is totally concealed, a value of 0xFF and if there are no concealed macroblocks, a value of 0, SHOULD be used for the frame when calculating the mean value. For Video Loss Concealment Method Type=10, each frame covered in the period of frame freeze is considered to be totally concealed, which means a value of 0xFF MUST be assigned. Fraction of Frames Subject to Concealment (FFSC): 8 bits Fraction of Frames Subject to Concealment is calculated by dividing the number of frames to which loss concealment (using Video Loss Concealment Method Type) was applied by the total number of frames and expressing this value as a fixed point number with the binary point at the left edge of the field. It is equivalent to multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the integer part. A value of 0 indicates that there were no concealed frame and a value of 0xFF indicates that the frames in the entire measurement interval are all concealed. <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 8] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 Reserved: 8 bits These bits are reserved for future use. They MUST be set to zero by senders and ignored by receivers (see Section 4.2 of [RFC6709]). 5 SDP Signaling [RFC3611] defines the use of SDP (Session Description Protocol) for signaling the use of RTCP XR blocks. 5.1 SDP rtcp-xr-attrib Attribute Extension This session augments the SDP attribute "rtcp-xr" defined in Section 5.1 of [RFC3611] by providing an additional value of "xr-format" to signal the use of the report block defined in this document. xr-format =/ xr-vlc-block xr-vlc-block = "vlc" 5.2 Offer/Answer Usage When SDP is used in offer-answer context, the SDP Offer/Answer usage defined in section 5.2 of [RFC3611] for unilateral "rtcp-xr" attribute parameters applies. For detailed usage of Offer/Answer for unilateral parameter, refer to section 5.2 of [RFC3611]. 6 Security Considerations It is believed that this RTCP XR block introduces no new security considerations beyond those described in [RFC3611]. This block does not provide per-packet statistics, so the risk to confidentially documented in Section 7, paragraph 3 of [RFC3611] does not apply. An attacker is likely to put incorrect information in the Video Loss Concealment reports, which will affect the estimation of video loss concealment mechanisms performance and QoE of users. Implementers SHOULD consider the guidance in [RFC7202] for using appropriate security mechanisms, i.e., where security is a concern, the implementation SHOULD apply encryption and authentication to the report block. For example, this can be achieved by using the AVPF profile together with the Secure RTP profile as defined in [RFC3711]; an appropriate combination of the two profiles (an "SAVPF") is specified in [RFC5124]. However, other mechanisms also exist (documented in [RFC7201]) and might be more suitable. 7 IANA Considerations <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 9] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 New block types for RTCP XR are subject to IANA registration. For general guidelines on IANA considerations for RTCP XR, please refer to [RFC3611]. 7.1 New RTCP XR Block Type Value This document assigns the block type value VLC in the IANA "RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR) Block Type Registry" to the "Video Loss Concealment Metric Report Block". [Note to RFC Editor: please replace VLC with the IANA provided RTCP XR block type for this block.] 7.2 New RTCP XR SDP Parameter This document also registers a new parameter "video-loss-concealment" in the "RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR) Session Description Protocol (SDP) Parameters Registry". 7.3 Contact Information for registrations The contact information for the registration is: RAI Area Directors rai-ads@tools.ietf.org 8 Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Colin Perkins, Roni Even for their valuable comments. 9 References 9.1 Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, July 2003. [RFC3611] Friedman, T., Ed., Caceres, R., Ed., and A. Clark, Ed., "RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)", RFC 3611, November 2003. <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 10] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 [RFC3711] Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)", RFC 3711, March 2004. [RFC5124] Ott, J., and E. Carrara, "Extended Secure RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/SAVPF)", RFC 5124, February 2008. [RFC6776] Clark, A. and Q. Wu, "Measurement Identity and Information Reporting Using a Source Description (SDES) Item and an RTCP Extended Report (XR) Block", RFC6776, October 2012. [RFC7294] Clark, A., Zorn, G., Bi, C. and Q., Wu, "RTCP XR Report Block for Concealment Metrics Reporting on Audio Applications", April 2014. 9.2 Informative References [RFC6390] Clark, A. and B. Claise, "Guidelines for Considering New Performance Metric Development", BCP 170, RFC 6390, October 2011. [RFC6709] Carpenter, B., and S. Cheshire, "Design Considerations for Protocol Extensions", RFC 6709, September 2012. [RFC6792] Wu, Q., Hunt, G., and P. Arden, "Guidelines for Use of the RTP Monitoring Framework", RFC 6792, November 2012. [RFC7201] Westerlund, M. and C., Perkins, "Qptions for Securing RTP Sessions", RFC 7201, April 2014. [RFC7202] Perkins, C. and M., Westerlund, "Securing the RTP Framework: Why RTP Does Not Mandate a Single Media Security Solution", RFC 7202, April 2014. Appendix A. Metrics Represented Using the Template from RFC 6390 a. Video Impaired Duration Metric * Metric Name: Video Impaired Duration Metric * Metric Description: The total time length of video impaired by transmission loss before applying any loss concealment methods. * Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on measurements that are typically made at the time that a video frame is decoded and rendered for playout. <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 11] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 * Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed in units of RTP timestamp. * Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream. * Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4. * Use and Applications: The metric is applicable to video applications of RTP and the video component of Audio/Video applications in which packet loss concealment mechanisms are applied to the receiving endpoint to mitigate the impact of network impairments on QoE. b. Video Concealed Duration Metric * Metric Name: Video Concealed Duration Metric * Metric Description: The total time length of concealed damaged video pictures on which loss concealment method corresponding to Video Loss Concealment Method Type is applied. * Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on measurements that are typically made at the time that a video frame is decoded and rendered for playout. * Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed in units of RTP timestamp. * Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream. * Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4. * Use and Applications: These metrics are applicable to video applications of RTP and the video component of Audio/Video applications in which packet loss concealment mechanisms are incorporated into the receiving endpoint to mitigate the impact of network impairments on QoE. c. Mean Video Frame Freeze Duration Metric * Metric Name: Mean Video Frame Freeze Duration Metric * Metric Description: The mean duration of the frame freeze events. * Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 12] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 measurements that are typically made at the time that a video frame is decoded and rendered for playout. The metric is calculated by summing the total duration of all frame freeze events and dividing by the number of events. * Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed in units of RTP timestamp. * Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream. * Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4. * Use and Applications: These metrics are applicable to video applications of RTP and the video component of Audio/Video applications in which packet loss concealment mechanisms are incorporated into the receiving endpoint to mitigate the impact of network impairments on QoE. d. Mean Impaired Video Frame Proportion Metric * Metric Name: Mean Impaired Video Frame Proportion Metric * Metric Description: Mean proportion of each video frame impaired by loss before applying any loss concealment method during the interval. * Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on measurements that are typically made at the time that a video frame is decoded and rendered for playout. It is calculated by summing the impaired proportion of each video frame and dividing by the number of frames during this period. The impaired proportion of each video frame is obtained by dividing the number of missing macroblocks from this video frame by the total macroblock number of the video frame, which is equivalent to multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the integer part. * Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed as a fixed point number with the binary point at the left edge of the field. * Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream. * Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4. <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 13] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 * Use and Applications: These metrics are applicable to video applications of RTP and the video component of Audio/Video applications in which packet loss concealment mechanisms are incorporated into the receiving endpoint to mitigate the impact of network impairments on QoE. e. Mean Concealed Video Frame Proportion Metric * Metric Name: Mean Concealed Video Frame Proportion Metric * Metric Description: Mean proportion of each video frame to which loss concealment (using Video Loss Concealment Method Type) was applied during the interval. * Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on measurements that are typically made at the time that a video frame is decoded and rendered for playout. It is calculated by summing the concealed proportion of each video frame and dividing by the number of frames during this period. The concealed proportion of each video frame is obtained by dividing the number of concealed macroblocks from this video frame by the total macroblock number of the video frame, which is equivalent to multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the integer part. * Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed as a fixed point number with the binary point at the left edge of the field. * Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream. * Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4. * Use and Applications: These metrics are applicable to video applications of RTP and the video component of Audio/Video applications in which packet loss concealment mechanisms are incorporated into the receiving endpoint to mitigate the impact of network impairments on QoE. f. Fraction of Video Frames Subject to Concealment Metric * Metric Name: Fraction of Video Frames Subject to Concealment Metric * Metric Description: Proportion of concealed video frames to which loss concealment (using Video Loss Concealment Method Type) was applied comparing to the total number of frames during the <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 14] INTERNET DRAFT <Video LC Metrics for RTCP XR> March 30, 2016 interval. * Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on measurements that are typically made at the time that a video frame is decoded and rendered for playout. This metric is calculated by dividing the number of frames to which loss concealment (using Video Loss Concealment Method Type) was applied by the total number of frames. It is equivalent to multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the integer part. * Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed as a fixed point number with the binary point at the left edge of the field. * Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream. * Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4. * Use and Applications: These metrics are applicable to video applications of RTP and the video component of Audio/Video applications in which packet loss concealment mechanisms are incorporated into the receiving endpoint to mitigate the impact of network impairments on QoE. Authors' Addresses Rachel Huang Huawei 101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District Nanjing 210012 China EMail: rachel.huang@huawei.com <Huang, et al.> Expires September 27, 2016 [Page 15]