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NETCONF Support for Event Notifications
draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications-09

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8640.
Authors Eric Voit , Alexander Clemm , Alberto Gonzalez Prieto , Einar Nilsen-Nygaard , Ambika Tripathy
Last updated 2018-05-04
Replaces draft-gonzalez-netconf-event-notifications
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draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications-09
NETCONF                                                          E. Voit
Internet-Draft                                             Cisco Systems
Intended status: Standards Track                                A. Clemm
Expires: November 5, 2018                                         Huawei
                                                      A. Gonzalez Prieto
                                                                  VMware
                                                       E. Nilsen-Nygaard
                                                             A. Tripathy
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                             May 4, 2018

                NETCONF Support for Event Notifications
           draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications-09

Abstract

   This document provides a NETCONF binding to subscribed notifications
   and to YANG push.

   RFC Editor note: please replace the four references to pre-RFC
   normative drafts with the actual assigned RFC numbers.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 5, 2018.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of

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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Interleave Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Compatibility with RFC-5277's create-subscription . . . . . .   3
   5.  Mandatory XML, event stream and datastore support . . . . . .   4
   6.  NETCONF connectivity and the subscription lifecycle . . . . .   4
     6.1.  Dynamic Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     6.2.  Configured Subscriptions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   7.  Notification Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   8.  Dynamic Subscriptions and RPC Error Responses . . . . . . . .   5
   9.  YANG module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   13. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Appendix A.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     A.1.  Event Stream Discovery  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     A.2.  Dynamic Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     A.3.  Configured Subscriptions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     A.4.  Subscription State Notifications  . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   Appendix B.  Changes between revisions  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     B.1.  v08 to v09  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     B.2.  v07 to v08  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     B.3.  v06 to v07  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     B.4.  v05 to v06  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     B.5.  v03 to v04  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
     B.6.  v01 to v03  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
     B.7.  v00 to v01  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23

1.  Introduction

   This document provides a binding for events streamed over the NETCONF
   protocol [RFC6241] as per
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].  In addition, as
   [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push] is itself built upon
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications], this document
   enables a NETCONF client to request and receive updates from a YANG
   datastore located on a NETCONF server.

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2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   The following terms are defined in
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications]: notification
   message, event stream, publisher, receiver, subscriber, subscription,
   configured subscription.

3.  Interleave Capability

   To support multiple subscriptions on a single session, a NETCONF
   publisher MUST support the :interleave capability as defined in
   [RFC5277].  Advertisement of both the :interleave capability and
   "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications" within a
   NETCONF capability exchange MUST indicate that a NETCONF publisher is
   able to receive, process, and respond to NETCONF requests and
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] subscription
   operations.

4.  Compatibility with RFC-5277's create-subscription

   A publisher is allowed to concurrently support configured
   subscriptions and dynamic subscription RPCs of
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] at the same time as
   [RFC5277]'s "create-subscription" RPC.  However a single NETCONF
   transport session cannot support both this specification and a
   subscription established by [RFC5277]'s "create-subscription" RPC.
   To protect against any attempts to use a single NETCONF transport
   session in this way:

   o  A solution must reply with the [RFC6241] error "operation-not-
      supported" if a "create-subscription" RPC is received on a NETCONF
      session where any other
      [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] or [RFC5277]
      subscription exists.
   o  It is a prohibited to send updates or state change notifications
      for a configured subscription on a NETCONF session where the
      create-subscription RPC has successfully [RFC5277] created
      subscription.
   o  A "create-subscription" RPC MUST be rejected if any
      [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] or
      [RFC5277]subscription is active across that NETCONF transport
      session.

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   If a publisher supports this specification but not subscriptions via
   [RFC5277], the publisher MUST NOT advertise
   "urn:ietf:params:netconf:capability:notification:1.0".

5.  Mandatory XML, event stream and datastore support

   The "encode-xml" feature of
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] is mandatory to
   support.  This indicates that XML is a valid encoding for RPCs, state
   change notifications, and subscribed content.

   A NETCONF publisher supporting event stream subscription via
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] MUST support the
   "NETCONF" event stream identified in that draft.

   A NETCONF publisher supporting [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push] MUST
   support the operational state datastore as defined by
   [I.D.draft-ietf-netmod-revised-datastores].

6.  NETCONF connectivity and the subscription lifecycle

   This section describes how the availability of NETCONF transport
   impacts the establishment and lifecycle of different types of
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] subscriptions.

6.1.  Dynamic Subscriptions

   For dynamic subscriptions, if the NETCONF session involved with the
   "establish-subscription" terminates, the subscription MUST be
   deleted.

6.2.  Configured Subscriptions

   For a configured subscription, there is no guarantee a transport
   session is currently in place with each associated receiver.  In
   cases where a configured subscription has a receiver in the
   CONNECTING state as described in
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications], section 2.5.1, and
   the "transport" for that subscription is "NETCONF", but no NETCONF
   transport session exists to that receiver (or all existing NETCONF
   transport sessions are currently supporting [RFC5277] subscriptions),
   then the publisher MUST initiate a transport session via NETCONF call
   home [RFC8071], section 4.1 to that receiver.  Until NETCONF
   connectivity is established and a "subscription-started" state change
   notification is successfully sent, that receiver MUST remain in
   either the CONNECTING or the TIMEOUT state.

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   If the call home fails because the publisher receives receiver
   credentials which are subsequently declined per [RFC8071],
   Section 4.1, step S5 authentication, then that receiver MUST be
   placed into the TIMEOUT state.

   If the call home fails to establish for any other reason, the
   publisher MUST NOT progress the receiver to the ACTIVE state.
   Additionally, the publisher SHOULD place the receiver into the
   TIMEOUT state after a predetermined number of either failed call home
   attempts or NETCONF sessions remotely terminated by the receiver.

   NETCONF transport session connectivity SHOULD be verified via
   Section 4.1, step S7.

   If a NETCONF session is disconnected but the "stop-time" of a
   subscription being transported over that session has not been
   reached, the publisher restarts the call home process and return the
   receiver to the CONNECTING state.

7.  Notification Messages

   Notification messages transported over the NETCONF protocol will be
   identical in format and content to those encoded using one-way
   operations defined within [RFC5277], section 4.

8.  Dynamic Subscriptions and RPC Error Responses

   Management of dynamic subscriptions occurs via RPCs as defined in
   [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push] and
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].  When an RPC error
   occurs, the NETCONF RPC reply MUST include an "rpc-error" element per
   [RFC6241] with the error information populated as follows:

   o  an "error-type" node of "application".
   o  an "error-tag" node of "operation-failed".
   o  an "error-severity" of "error" (this MAY but does not have to be
      included).
   o  an "error-app-tag" node with the value being a string that
      corresponds to an identity associated with the error, as defined
      in [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] section 2.4.6
      for general subscriptions, and [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push]
      Appendix A.1, for datastore subscriptions.  The tag to use depends
      on the RPC for which the error occurred.  Viable errors for
      different RPCs are as follows:

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            RPC                     use base identity
            ----------------------  ----------------------------
            establish-subscription  establish-subscription-error
            modify-subscription     modify-subscription-error
            delete-subscription     delete-subscription-error
            kill-subscription       kill-subscription-error
            resynch-subscription    resynch-subscription-error

   o  In case of error responses to an "establish-subscription" or
      "modify-subscription" request there is the option of including an
      "error-info" node.  This node may contain XML-encoded data with
      hints for parameter settings that might lead to successful RPC
      requests in the future.  Following are the yang-data structures
      which may be returned:

      establish-subscription returns hints in yang-data structure
      ---------------------- ------------------------------------
      target: event stream   establish-subscription-stream-error-info
      target: datastore      establish-subscription-datastore-error-info

      modify-subscription    returns hints in yang-data structure
      ---------------------- ------------------------------------
      target: event stream   modify-subscription-stream-error-info
      target: datastore      modify-subscription-datastore-error-info

      The yang-data included within "error-info" SHOULD NOT include the
      optional leaf "error-reason", as such a leaf would be redundant
      with information that is already placed within the
      "error-app-tag".

      In case of an rpc error as a result of a "delete-subscription", a
      "kill-subscription", or a "resynch-subscription" request, no
      "error-info" needs to be included, as the "subscription-id" is
      the only RPC input parameter and no hints regarding this RPC input
      parameters need to be provided.

   Note that "error-path" does not need to be included with the "rpc-
   error" element, as subscription errors are generally not associated
   with nodes in the datastore but with the choice of RPC input
   parameters.

9.  YANG module

   This module references
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].

   [ note to the RFC Editor - please replace XXXX within this YANG model
   with the number of this document ]

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module ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications {
  yang-version 1.1;
  namespace
    "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications";

  prefix nsn;

  import ietf-subscribed-notifications {
    prefix sn;
  }

  organization "IETF NETCONF (Network Configuration) Working Group";
  contact
    "WG Web:   <http:/tools.ietf.org/wg/netconf/>
     WG List:  <mailto:netconf@ietf.org>

     Editor:   Eric Voit
               <mailto:evoit@cisco.com>

     Editor:   Alexander Clemm
               <mailto:ludwig@clemm.org>

     Editor:   Alberto Gonzalez Prieto
               <mailto:agonzalezpri@vmware.com>

     Editor:   Ambika Prasad Tripathy
               <mailto:ambtripa@cisco.com>

     Editor:   Einar Nilsen-Nygaard
               <mailto:einarnn@cisco.com>";

  description
    "Defines NETCONF as a supported transport for subscribed event
    notifications.

    Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors
    of the code.  All rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license
    terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section
    4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
    (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

    This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC
    itself for full legal notices.";

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  revision 2018-04-20 {
    description
      "Initial version";
    reference
    "RFC XXXX: NETCONF Support for Event Notifications";
  }

  identity netconf {
    base sn:transport;
    base sn:inline-address;
    description
      "NETCONF is used as a transport for notification messages and
       state change notifications.";
  }

}

10.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers the following namespace URI in the "IETF XML
   Registry" [RFC3688]:

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-netconf-subscribed-
   notifications
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   This document registers the following YANG module in the "YANG Module
   Names" registry [RFC6020]:

   Name: ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications
   Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-netconf-subscribed-
   notifications
   Prefix: nsn
   Reference: RFC XXXX: NETCONF Support for Event Notifications

11.  Security Considerations

   Notification messages (including state change notifications) are
   never sent before the NETCONF capabilities exchange has completed.

   If a malicious or buggy NETCONF subscriber sends a number of
   establish-subscription requests, then these subscriptions accumulate
   and may use up system resources.  In such a situation, subscriptions
   MAY be terminated by terminating the underlying NETCONF session.  The
   publisher MAY also suspend or terminate a subset of the active
   subscriptions on that NETCONF session.

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   This draft does not define a YANG module and therefore doesn't have
   any YANG-related Security Considerations.

12.  Acknowledgments

   We wish to acknowledge the helpful contributions, comments, and
   suggestions that were received from: Andy Bierman, Yan Gang, Sharon
   Chisholm, Hector Trevino, Peipei Guo, Susan Hares, Tim Jenkins,
   Balazs Lengyel, Martin Bjorklund, Mahesh Jethanandani, Kent Watsen,
   and Guangying Zheng.

13.  Normative References

   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications]
              Voit, E., Clemm, A., Gonzalez Prieto, A., Tripathy, A.,
              and E. Nilsen-Nygaard, "Customized Subscriptions to a
              Publisher's Event Streams", draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-
              notifications-11 (work in progress), April 2018.

   [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push]
              Clemm, Alexander., Voit, Eric., Gonzalez Prieto, Alberto.,
              Tripathy, A., Nilsen-Nygaard, E., Bierman, A., and B.
              Lengyel, "YANG Datastore Subscription", February 2018,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/
              draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push/>.

   [I.D.draft-ietf-netmod-revised-datastores]
              Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K.,
              and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore
              Architecture", draft-ietf-netmod-revised-datastores-10
              (work in progress), January 2018.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC5277]  Chisholm, S. and H. Trevino, "NETCONF Event
              Notifications", RFC 5277, DOI 10.17487/RFC5277, July 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5277>.

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   [RFC6020]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
              the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.

   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
              (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC8071]  Watsen, K., "NETCONF Call Home and RESTCONF Call Home",
              RFC 8071, DOI 10.17487/RFC8071, February 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8071>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

Appendix A.  Examples

   This section is non-normative.

A.1.  Event Stream Discovery

   As defined in [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] an
   event stream exposes a continuous set of events available for
   subscription.  A NETCONF client can retrieve the list of available
   event streams from a NETCONF publisher using the "get" operation
   against the top-level container "/streams" defined in
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] Section 3.1.

   The following example illustrates the retrieval of the list of
   available event streams:

<rpc message-id="101"
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <get>
    <filter type="subtree">
      <streams
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications"/>
    </filter>
  </get>
</rpc>

                       Figure 1: Get streams request

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   After such a request, the NETCONF publisher returns a list of event
   streams available, as well as additional information which might
   exist in the container.

A.2.  Dynamic Subscriptions

A.2.1.  Establishing Dynamic Subscriptions

   The following figure shows two successful "establish-subscription"
   RPC requests as per
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].  The first request
   is given a subscription identifier of 22, the second, an identifier
   of 23.

      +------------+                 +-----------+
      | Subscriber |                 | Publisher |
      +------------+                 +-----------+
            |                              |
            |    Capability Exchange       |
            |<---------------------------->|
            |                              |
            |                              |
            |    establish-subscription    |
            |----------------------------->|  (a)
            | RPC Reply: OK, id = 22       |
            |<-----------------------------|  (b)
            |                              |
            | notification message (for 22)|
            |<-----------------------------|
            |                              |
            |                              |
            |    establish-subscription    |
            |----------------------------->|
            | RPC Reply: OK, id = 23       |
            |<-----------------------------|
            |                              |
            |                              |
            | notification message (for 22)|
            |<-----------------------------|
            | notification message (for 23)|
            |<-----------------------------|
            |                              |

          Figure 2: Multiple subscriptions over a NETCONF session

   To provide examples of the information being transported, example
   messages for interactions (a) and (b) in Figure 2 are detailed below:

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<rpc message-id="102" xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <establish-subscription
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
    <stream>NETCONF</stream>
    <stream-xpath-filter xmlns:ex="http://example.com/events">
      /ex:foo/
    </stream-xpath-filter>
    <dscp>10</dscp>
  </establish-subscription>
</rpc>

               Figure 3: establish-subscription request (a)

   As NETCONF publisher was able to fully satisfy the request (a), the
   publisher sends the subscription identifier of the accepted
   subscription within message (b):

  <rpc-reply message-id="102"
    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
    <identifier
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
      22
    </identifier>
  </rpc-reply>

               Figure 4: establish-subscription success (b)

   If the NETCONF publisher had not been able to fully satisfy the
   request, or subscriber has no authorization to establish the
   subscription, the publisher would have sent an RPC error response.
   For instance, if the "dscp" value of 10 asserted by the subscriber in
   Figure 3 proved unacceptable, the publisher may have returned:

   <rpc-reply message-id="102"
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <rpc-error>
      <error-type>application</error-type>
      <error-tag>operation-failed</error-tag>
      <error-severity>error</error-severity>
      <error-app-tag>dscp-unavailable</error-app-tag>
     </rpc-error>
   </rpc-reply>

             Figure 5: an unsuccessful establish subscription

   The subscriber can use this information in future attempts to
   establish a subscription.

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A.2.2.  Modifying Dynamic Subscriptions

   An existing subscription may be modified.  The following exchange
   shows a negotiation of such a modification via several exchanges
   between a subscriber and a publisher.  This negotiation consists of a
   failed RPC modification request/response, followed by a successful
   one.

      +------------+                 +-----------+
      | Subscriber |                 | Publisher |
      +------------+                 +-----------+
            |                              |
            | notification message (for 23)|
            |<-----------------------------|
            |                              |
            | modify-subscription (id = 23)|
            |----------------------------->|  (c)
            | RPC error (with hint)        |
            |<-----------------------------|  (d)
            |                              |
            | modify-subscription (id = 23)|
            |----------------------------->|
            | RPC Reply: OK                |
            |<-----------------------------|
            |                              |
            | notification message (for 23)|
            |<-----------------------------|
            |                              |

   Figure 6: Interaction model for successful subscription modification

   If the subscription being modified in Figure 6 is a datastore
   subscription as per [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push], the modification
   request made in (c) may look like that shown in Figure 7.  As can be
   seen, the modifications being attempted are the application of a new
   xpath filter as well as the setting of a new periodic time interval.

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<rpc message-id="303"
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <modify-subscription
       xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications"
       xmlns:yp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push">
    <identifier>23</identifier>
    <yp:datastore-xpath-filter xmlns="http://example.com/datastore">
        /interfaces-state/interface/oper-status
    </yp:datastore-xpath-filter>
    <yp:periodic>
      <yp:period>500</yp:period>
    </yp:periodic>
  </modify-subscription>
</rpc>

              Figure 7: Subscription modification request (c)

   If the NETCONF publisher can satisfy both changes, the publisher
   sends a positive result for the RPC.  If the NETCONF publisher cannot
   satisfy either of the proposed changes, the publisher sends an RPC
   error response (d).  The following is an example RPC error response
   for (d) which includes a hint.  This hint is an alternative time
   period value which might have resulted in a successful modification:

   <rpc-reply message-id="303"
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <rpc-error>
       <error-type>application</error-type>
       <error-tag>operation-failed</error-tag>
       <error-severity>error</error-severity>
       <error-app-tag>
           period-unsupported
       </error-app-tag>
       <error-info
          xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push">
          <modify-subscription-datastore-error-info>
            <period-hint>
                3000
            </period-hint>
          </modify-subscription-datastore-error-info>
       </error-info>
     </rpc-error>
   </rpc-reply>

            Figure 8: Modify subscription failure with Hint (d)

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A.2.3.  Deleting Dynamic Subscriptions

   The following demonstrates deleting a subscription.  This
   subscription may have been to either a stream or a datastore.

  <rpc message-id="103"
    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
    <delete-subscription
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
      <identifier>22</identifier>
    </delete-subscription>
  </rpc>

                       Figure 9: Delete subscription

   If the NETCONF publisher can satisfy the request, the publisher
   replies with success to the RPC request.

   If the NETCONF publisher cannot satisfy the request, the publisher
   sends an error-rpc element indicating the modification didn't work.
   Figure 10 shows a valid response for existing valid subscription
   identifier, but that subscription identifier was created on a
   different NETCONF transport session:

   <rpc-reply message-id="103"
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <rpc-error>
       <error-type>application</error-type>
       <error-tag>operation-failed</error-tag>
       <error-severity>error</error-severity>
       <error-app-tag>
           no-such-subscription
       </error-app-tag>
     </rpc-error>
   </rpc-reply>

                Figure 10: Unsuccessful delete subscription

A.3.  Configured Subscriptions

   Configured subscriptions may be established, modified, and deleted
   using configuration operations against the top-level subtree of
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] or
   [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push].

   In this section, we present examples of how to manage the
   configuration subscriptions using a NETCONF client.

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A.3.1.  Creating Configured Subscriptions

   For subscription creation, a NETCONF client may send:

<rpc message-id="201" xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <edit-config>
    <target>
      <running/>
    </target>
    <default-operation>none</default-operation>
    <config>
      <subscriptions
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
        <subscription>
          <identifier>1922</identifier>
          <transport xmlns:nsn=
    "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications">
            nsn:netconf
          <transport>
          <stream>NETCONF</stream>
          <receivers>
            <receiver>
                          <name>receiver1</name>
              <address>1.2.3.4</address>
            </receiver>
          </receivers>
        </subscription>
      </subscriptions>
    </config>
  </edit-config>
</rpc>

                Figure 11: Create a configured subscription

   If the request is accepted, the publisher will indicate this.  If the
   request is not accepted because the publisher cannot serve it, no
   configuration is changed.  In this case the publisher may reply:

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   <rpc-reply message-id="201"
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <rpc-error>
       <error-type>application</error-type>
       <error-tag>resource-denied</error-tag>
       <error-severity>error</error-severity>
       <error-message xml:lang="en">
         Temporarily the publisher cannot serve this
         subscription due to the current workload.
       </error-message>
     </rpc-error>
   </rpc-reply>

   Figure 12: Response to a failed configured subscription establishment

   After a subscription has been created, NETCONF connectivity to each
   receiver will be established if it does not already exist.  This will
   be accomplished via [RFC8071].

   The following figure shows the interaction model for the successful
   creation of a configured subscription.

    +----------+                 +-----------+     +---------+
    |Config Ops|                 | Publisher |     | 1.2.3.4 |
    +----------+                 +-----------+     +---------+
         |                            |                |
         |    Capability Exchange     |                |
         |<-------------------------->|                |
         |                            |                |
         |                            |                |
         |        Edit-config         |                |
         |--------------------------->|                |
         |       RPC Reply: OK        |                |
         |<---------------------------|                |
         |                            |   Call Home    |
         |                            |<-------------->|
         |                            |                |
         |                            |  subscription- |
         |                            |  started       |
         |                            |--------------->|
         |                            |                |
         |                            |  notification  |
         |                            |  message       |
         |                            |--------------->|

         Figure 13: Interaction model for configured subscription
                               establishment

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A.3.2.  Modifying Configured Subscriptions

   Configured subscriptions can be modified using configuration
   operations against the top-level container "/subscriptions".

   For example, the subscription established in the previous section
   could be modified as follows, here a adding a second receiver:

<rpc message-id="202" xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <edit-config>
    <target>
      <running/>
    </target>
    <config>
      <subscriptions
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
        <subscription>
          <identifier>
            1922
          </identifier>
          <receivers>
            <receiver>
              <name>receiver2</name>
              <address>1.2.3.5</address>
            </receiver>
          </receivers>
        </subscription>
      </subscriptions>
    </config>
  </edit-config>
</rpc>

                 Figure 14: Modify configured subscription

   If the request is accepted, the publisher will indicate success.  The
   result is that the interaction model described in Figure 13 may be
   extended as follows.

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 +----------+                 +-----------+     +---------+  +---------+
 |Config Ops|                 | Publisher |     | 1.2.3.4 |  | 1.2.3.5 |
 +----------+                 +-----------+     +---------+  +---------+
       |                            |  notification  |            |
       |                            |  message       |            |
       |                            |--------------->|            |
       |        Edit-config         |                |            |
       |--------------------------->|                |            |
       |       RPC Reply: OK        |                |            |
       |<---------------------------|                |            |
       |                            |  subscription- |            |
       |                            |  started       |            |
       |                            |---------------------------->|
       |                            |                |            |
       |                            |  notification  |            |
       |                            |  message       |            |
       |                            |--------------->|            |
       |                            |---------------------------->|
       |                            |                |            |

   Figure 15: Interaction model for configured subscription modification

   Note in the above that in the specific example above, modifying a
   configured subscription actually resulted in "subscription-started"
   notification.  And because of an existing NETCONF session, no
   additional call home was needed.  Also note that if the edit of the
   configuration had impacted the filter, a separate modify-subscription
   would have been required for the original receiver.

A.3.3.  Deleting Configured Subscriptions

   Configured subscriptions can be deleted using configuration
   operations against the top-level container "/subscriptions".
   Deleting the subscription above would result in the following flow
   impacting all active receivers.

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 +----------+                 +-----------+     +---------+  +---------+
 |Config Ops|                 | Publisher |     | 1.2.3.4 |  | 1.2.3.5 |
 +----------+                 +-----------+     +---------+  +---------+
       |                            |                |            |
       |                            |  notification  |            |
       |                            |  message       |            |
       |                            |--------------->|            |
       |                            |---------------------------->|
       |                            |                |            |
       |        Edit-config         |                |            |
       |--------------------------->|                |            |
       |       RPC Reply: OK        |                |            |
       |<---------------------------|                |            |
       |                            |  subscription- |            |
       |                            |  terminated    |            |
       |                            |--------------->|            |
       |                            |---------------------------->|
       |                            |                |            |

     Figure 16: Interaction model for configured subscription deletion

A.4.  Subscription State Notifications

   A publisher will send subscription state notifications according to
   the definitions within
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications]).

A.4.1.  subscription-started and subscription-modified

   A "subscription-started" over NETCONF encoded in XML would look like:

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<notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
  <eventTime>2007-09-01T10:00:00Z</eventTime>
  <subscription-started
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
    <identifier>39</identifier>
    <transport xmlns:nsn=
    "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications">
      nsn:netconf
    <transport>
    <stream-xpath-filter xmlns:ex="http://example.com/events">
      /ex:foo
    </stream-xpath-filter>
    <stream>NETCONF</stream>
  </subscription-started>
</notification>

      Figure 17: subscription-started subscription state notification

   The "subscription-modified" is identical to Figure 17, with just the
   word "started" being replaced by "modified".

A.4.2.  subscription-completed, subscription-resumed, and replay-
        complete

   A "subscription-completed" would look like:

  <notification
    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
    <eventTime>2007-09-01T10:00:00Z</eventTime>
    <subscription-completed
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
      <identifier>39</identifier>
    </subscription-completed>
  </notification>

           Figure 18: subscription-completed notification in XML

   The "subscription-resumed" and "replay-complete" are virtually
   identical, with "subscription-completed" simply being replaced by
   "subscription-resumed" and "replay-complete".

A.4.3.  subscription-terminated and subscription-suspended

   A "subscription-terminated" would look like:

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  <notification
    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
    <eventTime>2007-09-01T10:00:00Z</eventTime>
    <subscription-terminated
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
      <identifier>39</identifier>
      <error-id>
         suspension-timeout
      </error-id>
    </subscription-terminated>
  </notification>

    Figure 19: subscription-terminated subscription state notification

   The "subscription-suspended" is virtually identical, with
   "subscription-terminated" simply being replaced by "subscription-
   suspended".

Appendix B.  Changes between revisions

   (To be removed by RFC editor prior to publication)

B.1.  v08 to v09

   o  Tweaks based on Kent's comments.
   o  Updated examples in Appendix A.  And updates to some object names
      based on changes in the subscribed-notifications draft.
   o  Added a YANG model for the NETCONF identity.

B.2.  v07 to v08

   o  Tweaks and clarification on :interleave.

B.3.  v06 to v07

   o  XML encoding and operational datastore mandatory.
   o  Error mechanisms and examples updated.

B.4.  v05 to v06

   o  Moved examples to appendices
   o  All examples rewritten based on namespace learnings
   o  Normative text consolidated in front
   o  Removed all mention of JSON
   o  Call home process detailed
   o  Note: this is a major revision attempting to cover those comments
      received from two week review.

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B.5.  v03 to v04

   o  Added additional detail to "configured subscriptions"
   o  Added interleave capability
   o  Adjusted terminology to that in draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-
      notifications
   o  Corrected namespaces in examples

B.6.  v01 to v03

   o  Text simplifications throughout
   o  v02 had no meaningful changes

B.7.  v00 to v01

   o  Added Call Home in solution for configured subscriptions.
   o  Clarified support for multiple subscription on a single session.
      No need to support multiple create-subscription.
   o  Added mapping between terminology in yang-push and [RFC6241] (the
      one followed in this document).
   o  Editorial improvements.

Authors' Addresses

   Eric Voit
   Cisco Systems

   Email: evoit@cisco.com

   Alexander Clemm
   Huawei

   Email: ludwig@clemm.org

   Alberto Gonzalez Prieto
   VMware

   Email: agonzalezpri@vmware.com

   Einar Nilsen-Nygaard
   Cisco Systems

   Email: einarnn@cisco.com

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   Ambika Prasad Tripathy
   Cisco Systems

   Email: ambtripa@cisco.com

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